吉林抚松新屯子地区新生代玄武岩地球化学特征及构造背景分析

新屯子地区新生代玄武岩是中新世裂隙式火山活动产生的大陆溢流玄武岩,属于拉斑玄武岩系列,源区是软流圈上地幔。玄武岩是部分熔融和分离结晶过程联合作用的结果先由地幔橄榄岩部分熔融产生玄武质岩浆。但岩浆在上升到大陆地壳内一定深度的岩浆房时,发生部分橄榄石的分离结晶,作用在部分熔融作用之后发生橄榄石分离结晶作用,可能是大陆溢流玄武岩的一种普遍现象。     

中国东部新生代玄武岩的地球化学──Ⅰ．主元素和微量元素组成：岩石成因及源区特征

所研究的玄武岩包括拉斑玄武岩、碱性玄武岩、苦橄粗玄岩和钾质玄武岩。主元素和微量元素的组成变化表明，中国东部玄武岩既是不同深度地幔部分熔融的产物，又经历了岩浆结晶分异作用。强不相容元素比值的变化特征显然与岩石圈地幔交代作用有关。软流圈地幔的上涌并导致上覆不均一的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融是形成中国东部新生代玄武岩的主要机制。     

海南岛晚新生代石山组橄榄玄武岩的地幔源区组成及动力学机制

南海北部边缘新生代玄武岩广泛分布，分布于海南岛北部的全新世早期石山组玄武岩，岩石组成为碱性橄榄玄武岩，其中可见较大颗粒的橄榄石斑晶，橄榄石斑晶具有较高的Fo值（82. 8～83. 5）和Ni含量（0. 14%～0. 20%）。橄榄玄武岩的微量元素及同位素组成与洋岛玄武岩（OIB）高度吻合，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba和轻稀土元素，同时富集高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf。矿物组成及主微量元素特征指示其源区为含石榴子石辉石岩源区，经历了较低程度的部分熔融（约5%）。此外，石山组橄榄玄武岩具有基本一致的Sr- Nd- Pb同位素组成，表明岩浆在上升过程中没有明显的地壳物质的混染，但是相比正常洋中脊玄武岩（MORB），石山组橄榄玄武岩具有较高的87 Sr/86 Sr比值，较低的ε Nd ( t )值，以及较高的207 Pb/204 Pb（15. 639～15. 643）和208 Pb/204 Pb（38. 977～38. 996）比值，说明其源区为亏损地幔（DM）和富集地幔端元（EMII）的混合。结合地球物理学证据，我们认为亏损地幔来源于软流圈，而EMII端元为含再循环古洋壳及俯冲沉积物的地幔柱，随着海南地幔柱上升，再循环物质熔融并与周围软流圈地幔橄榄岩反应形成含石榴子石辉石岩，随着地幔柱的不断上升，辉石岩首先发生部分熔融，形成的岩浆经历了橄榄石和微弱单斜辉石的分离结晶作用后形成了石山组橄榄玄武岩。华南新生代玄武岩同石山组橄榄玄武岩具有相似的地球化学特征，反映二者具有相同的物质端元组成，但两者岩浆演化上升的动力学机制不同，同时不同端元混合的比例及部分熔融程度也有差异。     

西昆仑普鲁新生代火山岩的矿物化学特征及其对岩浆演化过程的约束

对西昆仑普鲁新生代火山岩的矿物学进行了系统的研究。结果表明：该地区火山岩主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石组成,并有少量的斜方辉石、黑云母、角闪石、碱性长石和铁钛氧化物。其矿物学特征指示了岩浆的性质有点类似于碱性岩浆,但与典型的碱性玄武岩又有明显的区别,属于橄榄安粗岩系列。利用橄榄石-熔体平衡原理估算了进入高位岩浆房中的熔体的MgO含量约为6．2％,Mg^#为0．57,说明其不是地幔熔融形成的原始岩浆,而是经历了深部岩浆房的分离结晶过程。由单斜辉石估算的高位岩浆房的深度约7～9km。岩浆在高位岩浆房中发生了较长时间的强烈分离结晶作用,分离结晶相主要为橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石以及少量的斜方辉石、黑云母、角闪石、碱性长石和铁钛氧化物。不同时期形成的铁钛氧化物指示了分离结晶过程由相对高温高氧逸度向相对低温低氧逸度演化。与此相对照的是岩浆在深部岩浆房中可能只发生了橄榄石和辉石等铁镁矿物的分离结晶作用,且分异作用时间较短。深部岩浆房可能存在于岩石圈地幔或壳幔过渡带中,岩浆由深部岩浆房上升到高位岩浆房中的过程是近绝热的,从浅部岩浆房到地表是快速上升的过程。     

中国东部新生代玄武岩的地球化学：Ⅰ.主元素和微量元素组成：岩石成因…

所研究的玄武岩包括拉斑玄武岩、碱性玄武岩、苦橄粗玄岩和钾质玄武岩。主元素和微量元素的组成变化表明，中国东部玄武岩既是不同深度地幔部分熔融的产物，又经历了岩浆结晶分层作用。强不相容元素比值的变化特征显然与岩石圈地幔交代作用有关。软流圈地幔的上涌并导致上覆不均一的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融是形成中国东部新生代玄武岩的主要机制。     

内蒙古集宁新生代玄武岩的地幔源区特征：元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学证据

内蒙古集宁玄武岩区位于华北克拉通北缘，东邻汉诺坝玄武岩区。由亚碱性的拉斑玄武岩及碱性的橄榄玄武岩、碧玄岩和碱玄岩组成。玄武岩的SiO2与TiO2含量分别为44．10～52．27wt．％和1．57～2．95wt．％，Mg^#（43—63）及Ni含量（27～210ppm）变化范围较大。集宁玄武岩的微量元素原始地幔标准化曲线及REE球粒陨石标准化曲线与OIB相似，Sr、Nd同位素比值显示了较汉诺坝玄武岩富集的特征。研究表明，虽然集宁玄武岩浆经历了一定程度的橄榄石、单斜辉石的分离结晶作用，但微量元素及Sr、Nd、Ph同位素特征排除了幔源岩浆在喷发到地表过程中受到地壳物质显著混染的可能性。^143Nd／^144 Nd ^87Sr／^86Sr vs．^206Ph／^204Pb的线性相关性表明，集宁玄武岩至少来自两个地幔端元组分：EMI和PREMA，且端元组分与汉诺坝玄武岩相似。尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的低程度部分熔融（2～5％）熔体与石榴石二辉橄榄岩更低程度部分熔融（〈2％）熔体的混合，可以解释集宁玄武岩稀土元素的变化特征。推测EMI位于岩石圈地幔之内且源区深度〈70km，PREMA则来自软流圈地幔。集宁碱性玄武岩与亚碱性玄武岩之间的地球化学差异，可能只是来自岩石圈地幔的EMI型熔体和来自软流圈地幔的PREMA型熔体在形成玄武岩浆时参与混合的比例不同，暗示该地区的岩石圈地幔与软流圈地幔之间经历了强烈的相互作用。集宁玄武岩与汉诺坝玄武岩相似的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素比值及相关性，说明它们具有相似的地幔源区，汉诺坝玄武岩的地球化学差异同样可以用EMI与PREMA组分对岩浆贡献程度的不同来解释。     

吉林省长白山地区新生代火山岩的特点及其成因

长白山地区新生代火山岩是一套玄武岩、粗面岩和钠闪碱流岩的双峰式火山岩组合。玄武岩类分别属于碱性玄武岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列。奶头山期玄武岩是幔源原生岩浆直接喷发于地表的产物,其他各期玄武岩是幔源原生岩浆经历了一定程度分异作用的产物。粗面岩和钠闪碱流岩与玄武岩有成因联系,可能是玄武岩浆通过分离结晶作用而形成的。本区新生代火山岩是大陆裂谷构造环境下的产物,是在地幔增温和底辞上升过程中形成的。     

六合—仪征第三纪大陆碱性玄武岩微量元素地球化学

本文报道了六合-仪征第三纪大陆碱性玄武岩十八个样品的REE、Rb、Ba、Sr、Nb、Zr、Ni、Cr、V、Sc、Y、Ga、Zn、Cu等痕量元素含量,讨论了该岩套的成因及其地幔源区的特征。石榴石橄榄岩型地幔源区经较小程度部分熔融形成了基性原始岩浆;其后经过橄榄石和单斜辉石为主的结晶分异作用,演化后的岩浆喷出地表形成玄武岩套。本区碱性玄武岩的地幔源区曾受近期富集作用影响,具有富集LREE等不相容元素的特征。     

黑龙江五星铜镍、铂钯矿床镁铁质杂岩的元素地球化学特征与岩石成因

五星超镁铁质- 镁铁质杂岩的元素地球化学特征研究表明, 其原始岩浆为低钛、高镁的拉斑玄武岩浆, 由以CO2 为主的流体交代亏损地幔所形成的弱亏损地幔部分熔融产生, 其残余矿物相主要为石榴石、尖晶石和金红石。岩浆形成与演化经历了3 个阶段: ① 上升的软流圈与岩石圈地幔接触, 热流体作用导致岩石圈地幔发生高度部分熔融, 形成初始硫饱和的次碱性玄武岩; ②初始岩浆上侵, 在下地壳形成岩浆房, 岩浆结晶作用形成以似层状橄榄石、紫苏辉石、普通辉石和磁铁矿等为主的堆晶岩, 在地壳物质的参与下形成残余辉长质岩浆; ③ 岩浆房破裂, 残余岩浆和含有熔体( < 30% ) 的堆晶岩相先后上侵形成五星原始镁铁质杂岩。就铜镍和铂钯矿化而言, 铜镍硫化物形成于岩浆房分离结晶晚期的熔离作用, 而铂钯矿化则主要在成岩期后流体作用阶段形成。     

滇东南马关和屏边地区新生代玄武岩地球化学特征及深部动力学意义

滇东南马关和屏边地区新生代玄武岩是青藏高原后碰撞岩浆作用的重要组成部分.玄武岩全岩的39Ar/40Ar定年结果显示,马关地区存在两期玄武岩浆作用,其时代分别为12.9±0.2Ma和21.2±1.2Ma;屏边玄武岩的时代非常年轻,＜ 1.7Ma,与越南、南海地区以及滇西腾冲新生代玄武岩浆作用的时代一致.根据全岩化学与标准矿物分类命名方法,确定马关玄武岩包括橄榄拉斑玄武岩、碱性橄榄玄武岩和碧玄岩三种岩石类型;而屏边玄武岩均属碧玄岩.采用有关熔体分离压力估算的方法,分别估算了两地玄武岩岩浆的起源深度,结果为:马关从橄榄拉斑玄武岩-碱性橄榄玄武岩-碧玄岩,其起源深度分别为57～73km、82km和67.5～ 87km.屏边碧玄岩的起源深度为79～88km,略高于马关地区的碧玄岩.全岩稀土微量与Sr-Nd同位素结果表明,两地新生代玄武岩具较低的初始87Sr/86 Sr同位素比值和较高的143Nd/144Nd比值,所有玄武岩均具有正的εNd值,以及富集LREE、LILE和Nb、Ta等高场强元素,无Eu异常,且具较高的Nb/U比值等地球化学特征,证明这两地的玄武岩具有相似于OIB的亏损地幔源区,显示出MORB(或OIB)型与EM Ⅰ(和EMⅡ)富集端元的混合特征.结合稀土元素模拟与地幔包体研究成果,提出该区新生代玄武岩源区应该处于石榴子石相-尖晶石相的过渡区域,可以通过石榴石二辉橄榄岩经1％部分熔融所产生的熔体与尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩经2％～5％部分熔融形成的熔体的混合形成.作为对始于65Ma左右的印度-欧亚大陆巨型碰撞的一种响应,沿金沙江-哀牢山-红河断裂带发生了显著的块体旋转、挤出或逃逸以及构造应力场的巨大反转与调整,诱发青藏高原下部深部物质向周边发生迁移.在西太平洋俯冲带“吸力”的影响下,加速了软流圈物质向东南方向的流动和上涌,最终形成马关、屏边地区新生代岩浆岩.因此,该区新生代火山作用是对印度-欧亚大陆巨型碰撞的响应,也是青藏高原下深部软流圈物质侧向流动的记录.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)