内孤立波作用下半潜平台荷载及其周围流场数值模拟研究

内孤立波对海洋平台的安全运行存在一定的威胁,基于三维数值水槽对内孤立波传播引起的半潜平台受力及其周围流场的分布进行了数值模拟研究.通过与试验对比,分析了入射波幅和分层流体深度比对半潜平台上内孤立波荷载特性的影响规律,验证了数值模拟结果是准确可靠的.研究表明,内孤立波引起的平台荷载会随着内孤立波波幅的增加而增大,随着分层流体深度比的增加而减小.基于对平台周围剖面速度场和三维涡场的演化规律研究,发现在内孤立波传播过程中,平台周围会出现明显的速度减小区,平台周围会有大量的漩涡产生并发生脱落现象.     

浅海波导中刚性球声散射特性研究

目标特性研究对军事及海洋开发具有重要意义。作者用Ingenito的简正波方法对浅海波导中刚性球的散射进行了理论研究。在理论推导中直接利用波导中简正波解,同时去掉文F．Izngenito等研究中的远场假设,使理论结果更具一般性。文中对浅海波导中刚性球的散射进行了数值计算,并进行了分析。结果表明,浅海波导中目标散射场特性与自由场中明显不同,海底、海面的存在使散射场在深度方向产生干涉,从而影响散射场的空间分布,海底声速及衰减系数对散射场空间分布有重要影响。     

一次受台风影响的大气波导过程分析和数值模拟

利用NCEP再分析资料及实况探空资料,对2002年8月31日台风"鹿莎"靠近和进入韩国期间,在我国东部地区大气波导的发生情况,以及相对应物理量场进行分析发现:湿度递减以及辐散下沉运动与大气波导的发生有很好的对应关系.运用中尺度预报模式ARPS对这次大气波导过程进行了两种方案的数值模拟试验,结果表明:对大气波导进行数值模拟时,初始场非常重要.在初始时刻同化了探空资料后的初始场更接近真实大气状况,同化探空资料初始场的模拟结果比没有同化探空资料初始场的模拟结果更接近于实际探空资料.     

分层斜坡越浪式波能发电装置结构受力试验研究

分层斜坡越浪式波能发电装置作为一种重要的波能转换型式,在开发利用波浪能的同时,可与防波堤或护岸工程相结合,将海岸工程的被动消能变为主动吸能,提高综合效益。在实际工程应用中,分层斜坡越浪式发电装置引浪面在波浪荷载作用下的安全性成为首要问题,由于其引浪面与防波堤或护岸的护面对水体磨阻影响不同,因此水体对结构的作用力不同,已有的斜坡式防波堤所受波浪荷载的研究无法用于指导分层斜坡越浪式发电装置引浪面的结构强度设计。通过水工物理模型试验,对分层越浪装置引浪面在不同波况条件下的结构受力进行研究分析,获得越浪装置引浪面上点压力及波浪力的分布规律,为装置的结构设计提供理论指导及设计支持。     

间断地形下的亚惯性频率地形波

在纯间断化地形的条件下,从理论分析和数值计算二方面探讨了亚惯性频率地形波的频散关系。指出正压亚惯性频率地形波的波模直接取决于间断点的个数和间断度。连续地形可以看成是纯间断地形的极限情况,因此,连续地形的起伏程度有类似间断度的作用。在对连续地形的频散关系进行数值计算时,水平步长的选取对计算结果有很大的影响。     

单点GPS浮标测波方法与数据质量控制研究

首先对GPS浮标测波原理进行分析,介绍了GPS接收器测量运动参数的多普勒方法;然后对于在现场测量中可能发生的采样丢失所导致的数据间断进行探讨,并提出了间断接续和冗余采样的解决方法,通过数值模拟实验证明了数据质量控制方法的有效性.     

基于海战环境的大气波导观测方法研究

海上作战一旦遇到大气波导,可使船载电子信息系统之间的短波通信距离增大数倍,同时通信距离范围内的部分区域会出现电磁盲区。该文以海上战场环境为背景,阐述了海上大气波导对未来海上作战的重要性。通过对大气波导的形成机制和影响机理进行研究,系统化概括了蒸发波导、表面波导和抬升波导的观测原理及常用观测方法。通过对比分析传统大气波导的观测方法,发现其在观测手段、观测精度、观测范围和观测成本方面存在局限性。基于此,该文提出一种多物理场协同探测的大气波导观测方法,该方法通过集合海上浮标网、船联网、星联网和岸基网等各类观测仪器和设备,可实时获取海上大气参数,构建海上大气波导预报系统。最终,通过该预报系统可实现海上大气波导大范围、高精度、实时性预报,对海上作战掌握制空权具有重要意义。     

变系数EKdV模型在模拟南海北部大振幅内孤立波传播和裂变中的应用

利用垂向连续分层变系数EKdV模型,模拟了南海北部海域大振幅内孤立波的传播和裂变过程,并与观测数据进行比较。结果表明:连续分层变系数EKdV模型能够较好地反映振幅小于100m的内孤立波的振幅和波宽,对于更大振幅的强非线性内波,该模型模拟的振幅和波宽均较实测较小;非线性模态函数能够较准确地反映温度振荡的垂直结构,而水平流速的大小和垂直结构则与线性模态较符合。研究结果表明,变系数EKdV模型能够为研究和理解大振幅内孤立波的传播和裂变过程提供较好的理论支持。     

介质加载折叠波导行波管的线性分析

提出了一种介质加载折叠波导慢波结构,给出了该结构中存在电子注时慢波互作用的热色散方程,在介电常数ε_r=1的特殊情况下该方程即简化为普通折叠波导的小信号工作方程.在给定慢波结构尺寸的基础上,分析比较了介质加载对放大器小信号增益特性的影响,结果表明:"弱加载"(介质厚度d/a<0.1)时,无需重新设计慢波结构的参数,只需适当调整工作电压和电流就可以满足原有设计要求,而且和未加载时相比增益特性更为平坦,降低的电子注阻抗也有利于电子效率的提高.考虑到     

数值天气预报模式初始化和动力平衡

原始方程线性模型允许两类波(罗斯贝波和重力波)的解,这两类波的振幅由初始条件确定。大尺度的罗斯贝波在结构和相速度方面类似于大气中观测到的瞬态波运动。而另一部分解大尺度的重力波所具有的频率超过了观测到的大尺度气流的频率一个多数量级。于是,象这样大尺度高频重力波在大气中不存在,或者至少它们具有非常小的振幅。另一方面,在大尺度气流的模式中,基于非线性方程,如果初始资料不满足风场和质量场之间的弱平衡,则大振幅高频振荡就建立起来了。象这样虚假的高频重力波振荡叫作气象噪音(Hinkelmann1951)。 用所建立的时间和(或)空间耗散模式,这些虚假高频振荡在一定周期的时间之后就消亡了。其长度取决于初始资料不准确的程度和取决于耗散的强度。在多数情况中,阻尼周期的长度或许小于24小时,至少对于较高频是如此,在这期间,振荡损害了质量场,特别是散度场的计算,从而损害了垂直运动和降雨量的计算。     

直立浮式柱群波浪荷载计算

为了研究类似张力腿平台（ＴＬＰ）等海洋工程结构物的运动,浮式直立柱群的波浪荷载计算是十分重要的。应用匹配渐进和特征函数展开法得到单柱流场速度势的半解析解,再引入大间距假设,将柱群中某一柱体对其它柱体的扰动作用用平面入射波来代替。同时对该问题进行了非平面波修正,计入柱间水动力相互作用,解决了柱群的绕射问题。应用该方法计算了不同条件下的双柱波浪荷载的幅频特征。     

Wave Currents Generated by a Moving Load in a Liquid Covered with Ice

We study horizontal wave currents generated in a liquid of finite depth by a load of constant intensity moving over the floating ice cover and analyze the dependences of the space structure of the field of wave velocities on the characteristics of the ice cover and the velocity of motion of the load. It is shown that the velocity of wave currents caused by flexural waves can increase with the velocity of motion of the load, whereas the wave currents caused by the gravity waves decay monotonically. The ice compression increases the velocity of horizontal wave currents.     

拉格朗日描述下三层流体系统中界面内波的三阶渐近解

在流体力学中，描述流体运动有Lagrange方法和Euler方法.Euler方法是通过观测通过空间各固定位置点处流体质点的运动行为来描述流体运动规律，而Lagrange方法是跟踪各个流体质点，通过观测它们在时空运动中所走过的路径来描述流体的运动规律.在数学处理上，Euler方法较Lagrange方法简单，但Lagrange方法可以完全描述流体运动的整个流场的所有特性，而Euler方法却无法描述每个流体质点的运动轨迹.本文，我们研究具有刚性边界的三层流体系统中的界面内波，其中上层流体的密度比下层流体的密度大.通过在界面处引入朗格朗日匹配条件并使用微扰法得到了拉格朗日描述下的界面内波的一阶解、二阶解及三阶解，给出了质量输运速度、波频率、平均水平和质点运动轨迹的解.结果表明对于质量输运速度、波频率、平均水平和质点运动轨迹在界面处会有不连续性，但是我们发现在满足一定的三层流体水深比和密度比条件时这种不连续性将会消失.     

波浪对上部开孔带内柱的圆筒结构的绕射

应用透空壁内流体速度与两壁间压力差成正比的线性模型和特征函数展开方法,建立了外壁上部开孔并带有内柱的圆筒结构对波浪绕射的解析解.通过数值计算研究了外壁开孔率的大小、圆筒与内柱半径之比、筒内水深等因素对圆筒上总的波浪作用力和圆筒周围波浪高度的影响.经数值研究发现随着外壁开孔率的增大圆筒迎浪端的波浪高度和圆筒结构上总的波浪力明显减小,外壁孔隙特性G虚部的增加对波高和波浪力的衰减也有一定的影响;增加圆筒内部的水深可减小圆筒周围的波浪高度,降低圆筒结构上的总波浪力.     

Random dynamic response of a tethered buoyant platform production riser

A new normal mode spectral analysis method is presented for calculating r.m.s. riser deflections, bending stresses and lower ball joint angles. Forces on the riser consist of: (a) non-linear fluid drag taking account of the relative velocity due to tethered buoyant platform (TBP) motion, riser elastic deflection and wave induced fluid velocity, (b) wave induced fluid acceleration, (c) inertia forces due to TBP acceleration, and (d) buoyancy. The non-linear fluid drag forces are linearized using Tung and Wu's approximation based on the r.m.s. relative fluid velocity and current. A wide range of results is presented for risers in water depths up to 1000 m and it is observed that 6 normal modes are sufficient for calculating bending stresses. A static analysis is also presented for bending stresses due to wave and current induced drag forces and riser offset.     

波浪对透空外双壁筒柱的绕射

应用透空壁内流体速度与两壁间压力差成正比的线性模型，建立了外壁透空的双筒圆柱对波浪绕射的解析解。通过数值计算研究了外壁透空率的大小、内外柱半径之比等因素对桩柱上总波浪作用力和波面高度的影响。数值结果表明圆柱外壁透空系数的增加，将明显地降低圆柱周围的波浪高度和圆柱上的波浪力；内外柱径之比的大小对波浪力和波高的最大值无太大影响，而对波浪力剧烈衰减区的位置和波高的振荡周期有决定作用。     

Wave Diffraction from A Vertical Cylinder with Two Uniform Columns and Porous Outer Wall

—Based on a linear model of the pressure difference between two sides of a porous wall and thefluid velocity inside it.an analytic solution is established for wave diffraction from a cylinder with an outerporous column and an inner solid column.Numerical experiments are carried out to examine the effects ofthe wave force on a porous low-column cylinder and the wave elevations outside and inside the cylinderdue to the porous character of the outer column and the ratio between the radii of the inner and outer col-umns.The numerical results show that the increase in the coefficient of porosity of the outer column of adouble column cylinder will reduce the wave elevation around the cylinder and the wave load on it.The ra-dius of the inner column does not affect too much the wave elevation around the cylinder and the totalforce on the cylinder.     

Bed load transport on the shoreface by currents and waves

Tide-driven bed load transport is an important portion of the net annual sediment transport rate in many shoreface and shelf environments. However, bed load transport under waves cannot be measured in the field and bed load transport by currents without waves is barely measurable, even in spring tidal conditions. There is, consequently, a strong lack of field data and validated models. The present field site was on the shoreface and inner shelf at 2 to 8.5 km offshore the central Dutch coast (far outside the surfzone), where tidal currents flow parallel to the coast. Bed load transports were carefully measured with a calibrated sampler in spring tidal conditions without waves at a water depth of 13–18 m with fine and medium sands. The near-bed flow was measured over nearly a year and used for integration to annual transport rates. An empirical bed load model was derived, which predicts bed load transports that are a factor of > 5 smaller than predicted by existing models. However, they agree with laboratory data of sand and gravel transport in currents near incipient motion. The damped transport rates may have been caused by cohesion of sediment or turbulence damping due to mud or biological activity. The annual bed load transport rate was calculated using a probability density function (pdf) derived from the near-bed current and orbital velocity data which represented the current and wave climate well when compared to 30 years of data from a nearby wave station. The effect of wave stirring was included in the transport calculations. The net bed load transport rate is a few m²/year. This is much less than predicted in an earlier model study, which is partly due to different bed load models but also due to the difference in velocity pdf. The annual transport rate is very sensitive to the probability of the largest current velocities.     

Interactions between nonlinear water waves and non-wall-sided 3D structures

Interactions between water waves and non-wall-sided cylinders are analyzed based on velocity potential theory with fully nonlinear boundary conditions on the free surface and the body surface. The finite element method (FEM) is adopted together with a 3D mesh generated through an extension of a 2D Delaunay grid on a horizontal plane along the depth. The linear matrix equation for the velocity potential is constructed by imposing the governing equation and boundary conditions through the Galerkin method and is solved through an iterative method. By imposing the gradient of the potential equal to the velocity, the Galerkin method is used again to obtain the velocity field in the fluid domain. Simulations are made for bottom mounted and truncated cylinders with flare in a numerical tank. Periodic waves and wave groups are generated by a piston type wave maker mounted on one end of the tank. Results are obtained for forces, wave profiles and wave runups. Further simulations are made for a cylinder with flare subjected to forced motion in otherwise still open water. Results are provided for surge and heave motion in different amplitudes, and for a body moving in a circular path in the horizontal plane. Comparisons are made in several cases with the results obtained from the second order solution in the time domain.     

Application of hermite polynomial to wave and wave force statistics

This paper discusses the use of Hermite polynomial in the derivation of statistical properties of waves, wave field kinematics and dynamics and wave forces under various conditions. Specifically, covariance functions and approximate spectra are obtained for (1) wave force on vertical cylinder according to Morison's formula, (2) horizontal fluid particle velocity considering the effects of free surface fluctuations, and (3) elevation of breaking waves.