基于波动方程正演模拟分析薄砂层含不同流体的AVO特征

塔河油田碎屑岩储层厚度较小,薄层AVO 特征受薄层内多次波反射以及薄层调谐效应和频率滤波效应影响,导致薄层
AVO 特征与厚层AVO 特征差异较大。为此,笔者设计了不同含油气性薄层砂体模型来进行波动方程正演模拟,得到了CRP道集记
录,提取了目的层反射振幅,基于入射波振幅计算了反射系数,从而获得了薄层地震正演AVO 曲线,分析了塔河油田碎屑岩储层含不
同流体时的AVO 特征,找出了实际地质条件下的含油气性与AVO 属性特征的对应关系,以指导地震剖面上的含流体预测工作。      

歧口凹陷深层地震岩石物理特征分析及应用

为明确歧口凹陷深层的岩石物理及AVO响应特征,分析歧口地区全波测井资料,优选该区敏感岩石物理参数;根据分岩性拟合求取纵横波转换经验公式,并采用流体置换原理进行叠前地震道集正演后提取AVO属性.结果表明:泊松比、纵横波速度比为该区有利储层预测的敏感参数,含气砂岩与含水砂岩的数值范围差异明显;歧口深层AVO响应特征可划分为3类:第一类是与气层相对应的反射振幅随着偏移距的增大而负向急剧增大;第二类是与油气同层相对应的反射振幅随着偏移距的增大而负向缓慢增大;第三类是与油水层及干层相对应的反射振幅随着偏移距的增大而负向减小.该结果可为歧口凹陷深层开展流体预测可行性提供依据.     

油气田勘探开发阶段高分辨率零偏移距VSP技术

从零偏移距VSP资料采集、处理和解释方面，探讨了当前油气田勘探开发阶段高分辨率零偏移距VSP技术发展的内容和特征。这些特征主要是：得到高分辨率的VSP资料，不仅能对比厚层，而且能对比小层或薄储层；利用多波，不仅同时利用下行和上行波，而且同时利用纵波和转换横波；提取动力学参数，不仅给出时间深度标尺和走廊叠加层位标尺，而且给出振幅、频率、Q值、子波、纵横波速度比、泊松比、弹性参数等标尺；直接探测岩性和油气，不仅对比、控制、约束地震层位的反演，而且识别不同类型的储层，并为井地联合的储层含油气性反演提供控制和约束条件。     

塔北西部却勒地区古近系底砂岩段薄砂层储层地震预测

通过岩心、测井分析研究储层的岩性和物性,通过分析井点及剖面地震反射波特征来研究薄砂层储层发育处反射波属
性;在储层岩性、物性及地震波形属性研究基础上,采用模型正演实验优选储层敏感属性,分析地震属性与薄砂层储层的预测关
系;最终通过时间域属性优选、数学统计回归和频率域频谱分解等方法综合分析,建立预测薄砂层储层的经验公式,预测了却勒地
区北部和东部2个优势薄砂层储层发育区。      

缝洞型储层模型AVO属性特征分析

塔里木盆地是我国最大的含油气盆地,拥有巨大的油气资源潜力。但塔中地区奥陶系岩溶缝洞型储层埋藏深、类型复
杂、储层非均质性强,所表现出的岩石地球物理特性不清楚。为了分析典型缝洞型储层模型含不同流体情形下的AVO特征,建立
了过玉北1井的缝洞型储层地震地质模型,模型的3个储层段对应的孔隙度分别为10%,6%和8%,分别对应Ⅰ类储层、Ⅲ类储层
和Ⅱ类储层,设计了3个储层段都充填气和3个储层段分别充填气、油、水3种不同流体时的2个模型,基于正演模拟共成像点道
集记录(CMP),提取截距、梯度、纵横波反射系数及流体因子,采用AVO属性交汇分析方法,寻找油气识别的最佳属性组合,为叠
前反演解释提供理论基础。      

变偏移距VSP射线追踪模型

变偏移距ＶＳＰ方法以其独特观测方式及解决地质问题的能力而倍受人们关注。变偏移距ＶＳＰ正演模型是理论研究、波场识别的得力工具。本文以射线理论为基础,研制了变偏移距ＶＳＰ射线追踪模型程序,它既可以单独模拟Ｐ波、Ｓ波,也可以模拟Ｐ、Ｐ－ＳＶ波的复合波场,可以适应复杂介质情况。给出的几个例子,说明本方法具有快速、灵活、实用的特点。     

剩余静校正异常对叠加结果的影响与采集参数和反射特征的关系

从地震勘探的基本原理出发，分析了剩余静校正异常对叠加结果影响的基本假定和数学模型，详细推导剩余静校正异常的幅度和波长(剩余异常变化速率)对纵波和转换波叠加的影响与地震排列长度、信号频率、反射同相轴时间关系的公式。并按公式研制了相应的软件。分析这些关系表明：地震信号的高频分量受剩余异常影响大；剩余异常引起的能量衰减与深度无关，剩余异常引起的相位延迟随深度而变化；由于切除，长波长异常使浅层同相轴形态畸变，短波长异常使深层同相轴能量衰减；转换波比纵波剩余异常幅度大且变化剧烈．转换波剩余异常是Vp／Vs，界面深度和炮检距的函数。这些参数间的关系可作为最佳采集参数设计和处理方法选择的一种依据。     

预优共轭梯度法及井资料约束的磁化强度成像

磁化强度成像反演方法可以得到地下介质的磁化强度分布,可以反演任意形状磁性体,比模型参数反演占优势。但因
为该方法计算量和存储量较大,分辨率低,“趋肤效应”严重,导致其应用受到限制。共轭梯度法迭代计算的基本单位是列向量,减
少了计算时间和存储空间。再将核矩阵作用于与单元体深度有关的预优矩阵,可以提高反演分辨率并减弱“趋肤效应”,并且对于
有钻孔的区域,进行井资料约束,克服了反演问题的多解性。该理论模型模拟及青海省尕林格矿区地面高精度磁测磁化强度成像
反演说明该方法具有良好的应用效果。      

利用试射法进行海上多波正演

试射法是求解两点射线追踪问题的一种方法，它的解法快速简便，易于判断和识别。利用试射法正演模拟海上多波地震响应，可以根据需要选择波的类型，而且，它可适用于大偏移距，能直观可靠的得到每一层的反射波和折射波。对地震资料的解释和地下地质模型的推断等有很大帮助。     

干旱区膜下滴灌棉田表层土壤盐分日内动态特征

利用便携式土壤盐分计测量膜下滴灌棉田不同位置和不同深度的土壤电导率,来研究膜下滴灌条件下表层土壤电导率
的日内变化特征。结果显示:干旱区一膜两管膜下滴灌条件下,窄行处土壤电导率值最低,膜间最大,宽行居中,表层土壤电导率
值存在显著的日内变化特征,早晚土壤电导率值低,中午电导率值高,上午的上升速率大于下午的下降速率;窄行处相对变化幅度
大,膜间绝对变化幅度大,土壤电导率值日内变化幅度随深度呈减小趋势;膜下滴灌情况下,表层土壤电导率值的变化受土壤温度
和气温的影响显著,但二者相关性复杂,不同深度、不同时间段的相关性不同,膜间大多呈显著正相关,窄行大多呈非显著正相关,
宽行处上午呈非显著正相关,但下午呈显著负相关。      

近岸带波浪传播过程中波性质的统计对比分析

通过对粤东后江湾近岸带垂岸方向上4个测站,同步观测到的波浪数据进行频域统计分析,初步探讨分析了波浪近岸传播过程中波浪统计性质的变化规律。结果表明:碎波带内波的频谱多峰特征显著,峰频两侧均存在着显著能量峰值,峰频能量发生转移;波浪经过破碎后,约束长波能量被释放出来;波浪向岸过程中谱宽度(ε)变大,同时谱尖度(Qp)减小,显著波陡(Ss)增大,峰值周期(Tp)增大,平均周期(Tm02)减小。     

利用浅层反射地震资料中的面波与初至波研究剖面浅部结构

利用浅层反射地震数据的面波与初至波信息，采用多道面波分析法（MASW）得到浅部横波速度结构，再利用初至波走时层析成像得到纵波速度结构，进而得到纵横波速度比与泊松比数据。结合反射波叠加剖面与跨断层钻孔联合剖面对浅部地层进行综合解释，在一定程度上弥补了浅部反射资料的缺失，对确定浅部断层的位置及性质起到非常重要的作用。     

WAVE ASSIMILATION AND NUMERICAL PREDICTION

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤａｔａａｓｓｉｍｉｌａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｕｓｅｄｉｎｅａｒｌｙｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｗｅａｔｈｅｒｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｆｏｒｅｃａｓｔａｃｃｕｒａｃｙ.Ｆｏｒｅｃａｓｔｅｒｒｏｒｓｒｅｓｕｌｔｆｒｏｍｓｅｖｅｒａｌｍａｉｎｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ:ｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｉｓｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉ ｃａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌ;ｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄｉｓｔｈｅｌｏｗｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｉｔｉａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓａ…     

Wave height statistical characteristic analysis

When exploring the temporal and spatial change law of ocean environment, the most common method used is using smaller-scale observed data to derive the change law for a larger-scale system. For instance, using 30-year observation data to derive 100-year return period design wave height. Therefore,the study of inherent self-similarity in ocean hydrological elements becomes increasingly important to the study of multi-year return period design wave height derivation. In this paper, we introduced multifractal to analyze the statistical characteristics of wave height series data observed from oceanic hydrological station.An improvement is made to address the existing problems of the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis(MF-DFA) method, where trend function showed a discontinuity between intervals. The improved MFDFA method is based on signal mode decomposition, replacing piecewise polynomial fitting used in the original method. We applied the proposed method to the wave height data collected at Chaolian Island,Shandong, China, from 1963 to 1989 and was able to conclude the wave height sequence presented weak multi-fractality. This result provided strong support to the past research on the derivation of multi-year return period design wave height with observed data. Moreover, the new method proposed in this paper also provides a new perspective to explore the intrinsic characteristic of data.     

基于功率谱获取海浪波长波向算法的改进

提出一种针对基于海浪图像功率谱获取海浪波长和波向的改进算法。算法首先假定海浪功率谱是一个密度不均匀的薄片平面,然后寻找其重心坐标,该坐标可等效为海浪主频位置,从而能够快速准确地得到海浪波长和波向。并经过大量的实验,验证该方法能够很好地解决基于二维傅里叶变换获取海浪图像波长、波向时主频不明显和大量频率分量没用上等缺点。     

利用SH横波反射资料中的勒夫面波反演浅部横波速度结构

由于勒夫波速度与纵波速度无关,勒夫波多道分析方法具有频散曲线简单、能量清晰、反演过程中未知参数少、对初始模型依赖小、反演结果稳定、分辨率高等特点。实验结果表明,利用浅层SH横波反射地震数据中的勒夫面波信息,反演得到近地表横波速度结构,在浅层地质构造、断层位置、上断点埋深等方面与浅层SH横波反射地震剖面以及地质钻孔数据吻合较好。该方法可为地下构造解释提供更多依据,提高探测成果的可靠性。     

Laboratory Experiment on Wave Induced Turbulence

A laboratory experiment was conducted inside a wind wave tank to investigate the wave induced turbulence. In this experiment, the wave surface elevation and velocity beneath the water surface were measured simultaneously to investigate the relation between the wave status and wave induced turbulence. The profile of the turbulent dissipation rate and Reynolds stress were calculated using experimental data. The effect of the wave status on turbulence is investigated with regard to the wind wave, swell, and mixed wave conditions. It was depicted that the turbulence decreased with increasing depth from the water surface and that the turbulence that was induced by a wave with larger wavelength and wave height is much stronger for the same wave status. Finally, we observed that the wind wave is more effective in activating the wave induced turbulence.     

Wave Height Estimation from SAR Imagery

This paper presents a method developed for estimating wave height from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery without prior assumption of noise distribution. It is based on two-dimenslonal ocean wave spectra retrieved from fully calibrated SAR images. Wen‘s spectrum was used as first-guess wave spectrum in the retrieval process. Comparison of the estimated wave height obtained by this method from two ERS-1 SAR subimages dated 23 July 1994 with in-situ measurements showed that the method works well.     

基于TRACK的GPS海浪测量方法

针对现有GPS海浪测量技术的不足,提出基于TRACK的GPS海浪测量方法,即利用TRACK解得海上载体高精度的垂向位移,经浪潮分离提取海浪信号,采用周期图法估计海浪信号的功率谱,计算海浪要素。利用实测数据进行实验,结果表明,平均波高和平均周期与测波仪结果差异分别小于2 cm和0.25 s,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Decadal Variability of Global Ocean Significant Wave Height

This paper presents the long-term climate changes of significant wave height(Hs) in 1958–2001 over the entire global ocean using the 45-year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) Reanalysis(ERA-40) wave data. The linear trends in Hs and regional and seasonal differences of the linear trends for Hs were calculated. Results show that the Hs exhibits a significant increasing trend of about 4.6 cm decade-1 in the global ocean as a whole over the last 44 years. The Hs changes slowly during the periods 1958–1974 and 1980–1991, while it increases consistently during the periods 1975–1980 and 1995–1998. The Hs reaches its lowest magnitude in 1975, with annual average wave height about 2 m. In 1992, the Hs has the maximum value of nearly 2.60 m. The Hs in most ocean waters has a significant increasing trend of 2–14 cm decade-1 over the last 44 years. The linear trend exhibits great regional differences. Areas with strong increasing trend of Hs are mainly distributed in the westerlies of the southern Hemisphere and the northern Hemisphere. Only some small areas show obvious decreasing in Hs. The long-term trend of Hs in DJF(December, January, February) and MAM(March, April, May) is much more stronger than that in JJA(June, July, August) and SON(September, October, November). The linear trends of the Hs in different areas are different in different seasons; for instance, the increasing trend of Hs in the westerlies of the Pacific Ocean mainly appears in MAM and DJF.