利用芦山地震自由振荡信号检验中国大陆超导重力仪的高频特性

2013-04-20发生在四川芦山的地震,是一个震级为Mw 6.6的高角度逆冲型地震,在2.3~5.3 mHz频段激发了微弱的球型简正模信号。芦山地震的自由振荡信号为人们提供了检验中国大陆超导重力仪高频特性的机会。分析了中国大陆现有的5台超导重力仪和部分宽频带地震仪在芦山地震后的观测数据,结果表明,超导重力仪SG057（拉萨）、SG053（武汉）和流动超导重力仪iGrav（武汉）在2~5 mHz频段具有较低的噪音水平,超导重力仪SG065（武汉）、SG066（丽江）具有较高的噪音水平。     

超导重力检测日本MW9.0地震激发的球型自由振荡

地球自由振荡是地球物理学上的一个重大发现,为人类认识地震震级和地球内部结构提供了一种新的方法和手段,具有重要的研究价值和意义.本文利用澳大利亚Conrad超导重力台站2011年3月11日至2011年3月15数据对日本MW9.0地震激发的球型自由振荡进行了检测.经固体潮改正和大气压改正后,采用加窗傅立叶变换对重力残差进行频谱分析,探测出了0S0～0S76球型自由振荡.将检测结果与PREM模型进行对比,误差均小于5.59‰,表明本文计算方法和计算结果是正确和有效的.     

地球自由振荡探测中最佳时间窗口的确定

针对当前地球自由振荡信号探测所采用数据的时间窗口位置和长度难以给出统一标准的问题,该文以信噪比为衡量指标,系统地讨论利用超导重力观测数据检测地球自由振荡信号的最佳时窗选择。研究结果表明:确定最优时间窗口的位置和长度,需要进行不断实验;_0S_0最佳探测的时间窗口位置为震后2 440 min,数据长度为7 200 min,此时_0S_0的估计值与PREM模型的差异约为5.86×10~(-4),差异极小;通过对不同振型自由振荡进行分析发现,不同振型的最佳时间窗口是不同的。该方法也可以推广至相关信号探测的应用中。     

利用超导重力数据检测汶川地震激发的球型地球自由振荡

利用Canberra、Matsushiro、Membach和Metsahovi 4个台站2008年5月的超导重力数据对汶川8.0级大地震激发的球型地球自由振荡进行了研究。结果表明,0S0～0S48全部基频振型以及1S4、2S4和3S13个谐频振型与PREM模型的误差在0.02‰～1.93‰,且所有振型的信噪比均大于阈值3,表明本文的计算方法是有效的,计算结果是可信的;0S2、0S3和0S4存在谱线分裂现象,其谱线分裂率R为1.093 40、0.674 30和1.071 00,验证了地球自转和椭率是引起0S2、0S3和0S4谱线分裂的主要原因。     

重力场的地球动力学与内部结构应用研究进展

深入认识地球深内部结构和内部动力学问题一直是基础地球科学研究领域的前沿热点,传统方法主要依赖于地震技术。近几十年来,随着新兴的现代重力观测技术革新(尤其是高精度超导重力技术的成功应用),使得检测地球内部动力学现象和物性信息成为可能。本文简述了我国在本领域近年来利用现代高精度重力技术在检测地球自由振荡、自由核章动、内核平动振荡、潮汐模型与极潮和内部结构方面的研究成果进展。     

国际GGP计划和武汉超导重力仪观测

介绍了近年来应用部分超导重力仪观测研究地球动力学研究方面的成果 ,包括精密测定地球潮汐常数 ,研究大气和海洋潮汐信号 ,确定地球自由核章动参数和检测地球自由振荡等内容。     

我国GPS跟踪站在汶川地震前后的运动特征分析

利用国家测绘局及其它部委布设的GPS跟踪站连续10年的观测数据,通过数据处理和分析得到了汶川地震前这些站的运动速度场和震后位移量,同时获得了各站近10年的坐标时间序列,在此基础上初步分析了地震前、后各站时间序列表现出的站点的运动特征信息。为我国地心坐标框架的进一步更新和维护提供了重要数据,也为地球动力学研究提供了重要的基础信息。     

利用大地测量观测资料研究青藏高原三维地壳形变及地震危险性评估进展

青藏高原是一个理想而独特的地球科学天然实验场,青藏高原的地壳形变、物质逃逸模式及地震活动性等科学问题一直是地学界关注的重点。以全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)和合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR）为代表的空间大地测量技术因其时空分辨率高、覆盖范围广、观测精度高等特点,被应用于现今的地壳形变监测并在地震研究中起着十分重要的作用。首先,综述了青藏高原三维地壳形变研究进展情况,包括青藏高原地壳水平形变的GNSS研究、综合利用GNSS和水准观测资料的青藏高原地壳垂直形变研究、青藏高原InSAR区域形变研究和融合多源大地测量资料构建青藏高原三维形变场等。其次,结合青藏高原三维地壳形变资料介绍了青藏高原活动断裂地震危险性评估的研究进展,讨论了顾及地震应力扰动的概率性地震危险性评估过程以及大地测量观测在地震危险性评估中所起的作用。今后需要加强青藏高原GNSS监测空区的加密观测工作,综合GNSS和InSAR观测结果精化青藏高原的地壳运动与变形模式;开展断...     

iGrav-007超导重力仪的性能分析及对球型自由振荡模态_0S_m的检测

iGrav超导重力仪是世界上最新型的便携式高精度重力仪,可提供目前为止最稳定的相对重力测量。基于Tsoft软件处理iGrav-007在武汉九峰台站连续5个月的观测数据,进行气压负荷、极移重力效应改正,分析重力残差和漂移等特性。通过频谱分析,检测观测期间2013年Mw6.6级芦山地震激发的球型自由振荡模态0Sm,检测结果明显,综合表明iGrav-007观测性能良好。     

断裂活动及孕震过程遥感热异常分析的研究进展

断裂活动及孕震过程遥感热异常分析是对地观测及遥感应用的重要主题。本文从遥感数据应用、异常分析方法、异常认知理解3个方面系统回顾了近30年来该主题的研究概况与主要进展。具体包括:(1)关于遥感数据应用的红外亮温、微波亮温与长波辐射、对地观测同化数据及多源数据综合的4个方面;(2)关于地震遥感异常分析的目视解译定性分析、图像处理定量分析以及多参数时空关联分析的3个发展阶段;(3)关于地震遥感异常认知理解的地球放气、应力致热、地壳岩石电池转换、氡衰变潜热释放与多圈层耦合效应等理论学说。展望未来,提出了面向典型断裂活动区的遥感监测分析与异常识别、基于地球系统地震响应的遥感异常理解分析、空天地立体观测数据的时空关联分析等3个方面的攻关重点。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。