高分辨率遥感影像融合研究

遥感影像融合不仅可以提高原多光谱影像的空间分辨率,更重要的是最大量地保留影像的光谱信息。为了研究适合于QuickBird遥感影像融合的融合方法,本研究应用乘法复合算法(MLT)、改进的Brovey(MB)、高通滤波(HPF)以及基于平滑滤波的亮度调节算法(SFIM)四种融合方法对QuickBird影像进行了融合试验和分析。试验区以覆盖不同土地利用类型的一小景QuickBird影像为基础。采用了均值偏差、标准差、信息熵、平均梯度和相关系数五种数字统计方法来定量地评价由以上算法产生的融合影像。分析结果表明:SFIM算法在光谱保真性、高频信息融入度、影像清晰度方面都优于其他三种方法。因此,在研究的四种方法中,SFIM算法最适合Quick-Bird影像融合。     

多源高分辨率遥感影像智能融合

本文面向多源高分辨率遥感影像自动化融合的应用需求,探索按需应用的智能化融合方法,充分利用不同分辨率和不同时相的高分辨率多源遥感影像数据资源与特性,研究了影像融合数据源选取的决策树算法,建立了遥感影像融合规则知识库,并自动化选取适合的融合算法,提出了Curvelet_HCS算法,对低频和高频系数选用不同的融合规则,改善了HCS算法的光谱失真问题,可同时融合多光谱影像的多个谱段,并保持更丰富的空间细节信息。根据融合评价结果对遥感影像融合规则知识库进行更新,实验验证表明了该套方法的有效性,为开展大规模智能化的多源遥感影像融合应用提供了重要的方法和技术支撑。     

RS影像融合效果评价

近年来多源遥感影像融合技术发展迅速,融合方法研究日趋完善,然而融合影像效果评价始终没有统一标准。在系统分析传统评价指标的基础上,从光谱保真度、高频信息融入度两个方面对融合影像的评价进行综合分析,并在这两个方面建立了光谱信息指数与高频信息指数两个指标,然后对其进行综合建立信息量指数,从而在信息量方面加以评价,从而形成一套完整的评价体系。最后应用融合实例对创建的评价体系进行了验证。     

开封市Spot5全色波段与多光谱影像融合评价

以Spot5全色波段与多光谱波段为例,用PCA、Brovey、IHS等三种像素级融合方法对其进行融合研究。分别运用灰度均值、相关系数、平均梯度等三个传统的指标在影像亮度、光谱保真度以及高频信息融入度三个方面对其评价。最后综合这些指标在信息量以及融合指数方面对融合影像进行综合评价,从而建立一套完整的影像评价体系。     

基于SIDWT的SAR影像与光学影像的融合算法研究

影像融合是将SAR影像与光学影像进行结合使用的重要环节,由于SAR影像纹理信息丰富,与光学影像结合使用,可以使融合影像既包含SAR影像的纹理信息,又包含光学影像的光谱信息。重点研究了SAR影像与中、高分辨率光学影像之间的融合算法,详细地介绍了影像融合原理、常用算法以及融合精度评价,提出了基于平移不变离散小波变换(SIDWT)图像融合算法,在此基础上,将Terra-SAR数据分别与高、中分辨率光学影像进行融合试验。对比不同算法的融合结果,实验证明SIDWT变换算法在处理SAR影像和高、中分辨率光学影像时,在影像的亮度、信息量、图像细节反差和地物的纹理特征的表现,以及光谱失真方面都起到了一定地改善作用,与传统方法相比具有明显的优势。验证了SIDWT变换法在提高影像的清晰度,增加地物的细节信息,减少影像的光谱失真等方面均具有优越性。     

基于SFIM算法的融合影像分类研究

以福州市城乡结合部的Landsat7ETM 影像为例,就该融合算法的自动分类精度作进一步研究,并藉此对该算法作全面评价。研究结果表明,SFIM融合影像的分类精度高于原始未融合影像的分类精度,但选择不同尺寸的均值滤波器会影响融合影像的分类精度。试验表明,太大尺寸的滤波器虽然能提高高分辨率影像的信息融入度,但会降低融合影像的分类精度和光谱的保真度。     

一种改进边缘与纹理信息的遥感影像融合算法

针对IHS变换的影像融合易产生光谱扭曲(颜色失真)的问题,文章提出了一种基于IHS变换与Bandelet变换相结合的遥感影像融合算法,利用Bandelet变换能很好捕获原始图像的边缘与纹理的特性,获取更好的彩色图像特征信息,达到最佳逼近效果:对多光谱影像Mul做IHS变换并提取I分量,通过对I分量与高分辨影像Pan做Bandelet变换,并对其几何流和Bandelet系数采用不同融合规则,再由IHS逆变换实现图像融合。实验结果表明,基于IHS与Bandelet的融合算法较IHS法在获取更丰富影像边缘细节特征信息的同时,光谱扭曲(颜色失真)现象也明显减弱,并获得了较好的人眼视觉效果,其中三角IHS与Bandelet融合的效果较好。     

多进制小波理论在SPOT和TM影像融合中的应用

二进制小波不适合融合SPOT全色影像和TM多光谱影像；三进制下的Mallat算法对SPOT全色影像和TM多光谱影像进行融合时，由于存在抽取和插值运算，使得融合的结果存在相位失真。为了克服相位失真，本文采用了多进制下的MRAGM算法。试验表明，它能有效地用于融合SPOT全色影像和TM多光谱影像，实现它的关键是构建具有支撑特性的M进制低通尺度函数滤波器。     

自适应高斯滤波与SFIM模型相结合的全色多光谱影像融合方法

全色-多光谱影像融合技术可以显著提高遥感影像的地物判别能力,但是空间信息融入度与光谱信息保真度是相互矛盾的一组性质,一般方法往往无法平衡这两方面。SFIM算法具有良好的光谱信息保持能力,但是其空间信息融入度较差,影响了整体的融合效果。为此,本文分析了SFIM模型的原理与特点,提出一种自适应高斯滤波与SFIM模型相结合的全色多光谱影像融合方法（AGSFIM）。以均值调整后的多光谱整体平均梯度为标准来计算高斯滤波的最优参数,将下采样全色影像的清晰度调整至同样水平,以保证融合结果的空间信息融入度与光谱信息保真度之间的平衡。利用6种融合算法对“北京二号”（Beijing-2）、“资源三号”02星（ZY-3 02）数据进行对比试验,表明在良好的光谱保持能力的前提下,改进方法可以有效克服SFIM算法空间信息融入不足的缺点。     

Landsat7 ETM＋影像的融合和自动分类研究

利用SFIM、MLT、HPF和修改的Brovey(MB)等遥感影像融合算法对Landsat 7 ETM 影像进行融合和自动分类研究，并就融合影像的光谱保真度、高频空间信息融人度和分类精度对这些方法进行评价。结果表明SFIM变换几乎完全保持了原始影像的光谱特点，并具有最高的平均分类精度；MB变换具有最高的高频空间信息融人度；MLT变换也具有较高的分类精度；只有HPF变换的各项指标都不突出。所有4种融合影像的分类精度都较原始影像的分类精度有明显的提高。这表明，源于同一传感器系统的不同分辨率影像的融合可以避免异源传感器融合影像所常见的各种参数、时相和配准误差，所以能够明显地提高影像的自动分类精度。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。