无地面控制GPS辅助光束法区域网平差

介绍了在WGS-84坐标系中进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差的基本原理以及利用大地水准面拟合方法实施大地高与正常高的变换方法。利用新疆库尔勒地区1：25000和1：50000实际航摄资料验证了理论与程序实现的正确性。试验结果表明，无地面控制GPS辅助光束法区域网平差可用于中小比例尺测图的加密，在WGS-84坐标系中可以获得较高的点定位精度，而在国家80坐标系下，利用大地水；隹面拟合前后的GPS摄站坐标进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差，加密精度没有明显差异。     

无人飞艇的差分GPS辅助空中三角测量精度分析

针对普通数码相机应用于低空摄影测量大比例尺成图时存在的像幅小、像片数量多、摄影基线短等一些实际问题,山东科技大学与中国测绘科学研究院联合设计研发了带差分GPS的自稳定双拼相机低空无人飞艇航测系统;本文详细介绍了系统的组成,并进行了低空航摄实验,设计了多种GPS辅助空三加密方案,对加密结果精度进行了对比分析,实验结果表明:采用该系统进行低空摄影测量,进行少量控制点布点差分GPS辅助空三的结果满足大比例尺测图空中三角测量规范要求。     

提高我国西南地区空三加密精度的几种方法

空三加密是航空摄影测量测图过程中至关重要的步骤,加密成果的精度直接影响了航测的成图质量。我国西南地区地形复杂,多山地、林地,在地形起伏程度不同、航片质量有差异以及重力场分布不均匀等因素的影响下,单纯用光束法区域网平差来控制空三加密的精度往往达不到要求。本文提出在使用光束法区域网平差的同时,采取适当加密像控点、图像处理、提高加密点分布均匀度和卫星影像辅助的措施提高加密精度,参照国家摄影测量方法成图标准,通过改变不同参数进行了多组加密对比实验。实验结果表明,经过改进后的加密方法提高了加密精度,完全满足1∶2 000比例尺地形图测图要求,提高了4D产品的产出质量和效率。     

基于PPP的无地面控制GPS辅助空中三角测量研究

介绍在无地面控制的情况下,采用将精密单点定位技术获取的摄站点坐标作为控制点进行光束法区域网平差的方法。并在SWDC数码航测系统支持下,结合桂林地区的航摄资料进行相关试验,试验结果表明,无地面控制的GPS辅助空中三角测量可以满足中小比例尺成图的加密要求。     

北斗辅助无人机航摄影像的空中三角测量

介绍了北斗（BeiDou system,BDS）和BDS/GPS组合两种动态差分定位的基本模型,利用搭载有双频可同时接收BDS、GPS信号的全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）接收机的无人机低空航摄系统对嵩山航空检校场进行航空摄影实验,比较了GPS、BDS以及BDS/GPS组合3种差分定位的结果,并利用3组摄站坐标进行了GNSS辅助空中三角测量。实验结果表明,利用3种定位模式获取的摄站坐标分别辅助光束法区域网平差的实际精度是一致的,平面中误差均小于±0.17 m,高程中误差均小于±0.25 m,可以满足丘陵地1:500比例尺地形测图的摄影测量加密精度要求。     

基于精密单点定位技术的GPS辅助空中三角测量

简要介绍GPS精密单点定位的基本原理,通过对带双频动态GPS数据的1∶2 500~1∶60 000各种摄影比例尺的覆盖多种地形航摄资料的处理,比较了GPS精密单点定位与差分GPS定位所获取摄站坐标的差异,并分析利用两种摄站坐标分别进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差的精度。试验表明,当区域四角布设四个平高地面控制点时,两者的加密精度是基本一致的,且采用GPS精密单点定位技术进行GPS辅助空中三角测量结果能够满足我国现行航空摄影测量规范的精度要求。     

低空无人机摄影测量精度分析

无人机技术的飞速发展,使得无人机低空摄影测量应用越来越广泛.无人机摄影测量经常存在需要解算外方位元素的问题,而光束法区域网平差能够解决该问题.本文为探究无人机低空摄影测量在大比例尺地形图中的精度要求,详解光束法区域网平差整体流程,并结合某工程项目评估无人机低空摄影测量精度,验证了低空无人机摄影测量应用于大比例尺测图的有效性.     

无初始化的GPS辅助空中三角测量

简要介绍了以航线为单元 ,通过相位平滑递推算法在航求解双差载波相位观测量整周相位模糊度 ,进而确定各摄站空间位置的无初始化GPS动态定位原理 ,对某测区一组实际航摄资料进行GPS数据处理和GPS辅助光束法区域网平差 ,证实所介绍的算法是正确的、有效的 ,所获取的GPS摄站坐标可满足空中三角测量的精度要求 ,并且用该数据与经初始化GPS动态定位获取的GPS摄站坐标数据进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差的总体精度是完全一致的。     

1:10000 IMU项目DEM生产过程的质量控制

主要阐述采用DGPS辅助空中三角测量技术及GPS辅助光束法区域网平差获得加密成果后,对无图区实施航测法获取DEM成果,并在航测生产过程中实施质量控制.     

GPS辅助航测技术在大比例尺航测成图中的应用

GPS辅助航测技术的推广应用,降低了传统像片控制测量的作业成本,优化了传统空三加密工序的技术流程,从而有效缩短了航测法成图周期。本文以永城市1∶1 000地形图测绘生产为例,介绍了应用GPS辅助空三数据生产的作业流程、生产过程出现的有关问题,并对几种不同的布点方案应用GPS辅助光束法区域网平差的成果进行精度统计和分析。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。