Provenance and geochronology of Cenozoic sandstones of northern Borneo

The Crocker Fan of Sabah was deposited during subduction of the Proto-South China Sea between the Eocene and Early Miocene. Collision of South China microcontinental blocks with Borneo in the Early Miocene terminated deep water sedimentation and resulted in the major regional Top Crocker Unconformity (TCU). Sedimentation of fluvio-deltaic and shallow marine character resumed in the late Early Miocene. The Crocker Fan sandstones were derived from nearby sources in Borneo and nearby SE Asia, rather than distant Asian and Himalayan sources. The Crocker Fan sandstones have a mature composition, but their textures and heavy mineralogy indicate they are first-cycle sandstones, mostly derived from nearby granitic source rocks, with some input of metamorphic, sedimentary and ophiolitic material. The discrepancy between compositional maturity and textural immaturity is attributed to the effects of tropical weathering. U–Pb ages of detrital zircons are predominantly Mesozoic. In the Eocene sandstones Cretaceous zircons dominate and suggest derivation from granites of the Schwaner Mountains of southern Borneo. In Oligocene sandstones Permian–Triassic and Palaeoproterozoic zircons become more important, and are interpreted to be derived from Permian–Triassic granites and Proterozoic basement of the Malay Tin Belt. Miocene fluvio-deltaic and shallow marine sandstones above the TCU were mostly recycled from the deformed Crocker Fan in the rising central mountain range of Borneo. The provenance of the Tajau Sandstone Member of the Lower Miocene Kudat Formation in north Sabah is strikingly different from other Miocene and older sandstones. Sediment was derived mainly from granitic and high-grade metamorphic source rocks. No such rocks existed in Borneo during the Early Miocene, but potential sources are present on Palawan, to the north of Borneo. They represent continental crust from South China and subduction-related metamorphic rocks which formed an elevated region in the Early Miocene which briefly supplied sediment to north Sabah.     

基于重磁异常的新生代丽水—椒江凹陷基底分布特征研究

丽水—椒江凹陷位于东海陆架盆地西南部,是在中生代残留盆地基础上发育起来的新生代具有典型东断西超特点的断陷,是油气勘探的新区域。区域地质条件复杂、构造叠加、沉积厚度大,地震勘探无法获得较好的反射数据,因此采用面积广、深度大的重磁数据结合地震数据来描述基底构造和火成岩岩性特征,通过重磁数据的阶跃边界识别技术划分区域断裂。丽水—椒江凹陷内断裂呈北东向分布,控制凹陷的形状,且断裂作用使凹陷形成多个小型次凹,断陷特征明显。中—新生代火成岩具有较高的重磁异常,结合质量较好的地震剖面来获得地层、火成岩及岩性分布特征,并建立了多联通域地层的计算公式。区域内中—古生界较为发育,但凹陷内中—新生代火成岩侵入较少,不会对于油气构造造成大的破坏,因此该凹陷具有良好的油气前景。     

Mesozoic and early Cenozoic tectonic convergence-to-rifting transition prior to opening of the South China Sea

We have investigated Mesozoic geological problems around the South China Sea (SCS) based on gravimetric, magnetic, seismic, and lithofacies data. Three-dimensional analytical signal amplitudes (ASA) of magnetic anomalies clearly define the inland tectonic boundaries and the residual Mesozoic basins offshore. The ASA suggest that the degree of magmatism and/or the average magnetic susceptibility of igneous rocks increase southeastwards and that late-stage A-type igneous rocks present along the coast of southeast China possess the highest effective susceptibility. The geophysical data define Mesozoic sedimentary and tectonic structures and reveal four major unconformities [Pz/T–J, T–J/J, J/K, and Mesozoic/Cenozoic (Pz, Palaeozic; T, Triassic; J, Jurassic; K, Cretaceous)], corresponding to regional tectonic events revealed by nine palaeogeographic time slices based on prior geological surveys and our new fieldwork. Showing both sedimentary and volcanic facies and regional faults, our palaeogeographic maps confirm an early Mesozoic northwestward-migrating orogeny that gradually obliterated the Tethyan regime, and a middle-to-late Mesozoic southeastward migration and younging in synchronized extension, faulting, and magmatism. Three major phases of marine deposition developed but were subsequently terminated by tectonic compression, uplift, erosion, faulting, rifting, and/or magmatism. The tectonic transition from the Tethyan to Pacific regimes was completed by the end of the Middle Triassic (ca. 220 Ma), reflecting widespread Mesozoic orogeny. The transition from an active to a passive continental margin occurred at the end of the Early Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma); this was accompanied by significant changes in sedimentary environments, due likely to an eastward retreat of the palaeo-Pacific subduction zone and/or to the collision of the West Philippine block with Eurasia. The overall Mesozoic evolution of southeast China comprised almost an entire cycle of orogenic build-up, peneplanation, and later extension, all under the influence of the subducting palaeo-Pacific plate. Continental margin extension and rifting continued into the early Cenozoic, eventually triggering the Oligocene opening of the SCS.     

基于航空重磁特征对突泉盆地构造的认识

为获取突泉盆地航空物探基础地质资料,为油气调查评价提供参考,中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心在该盆地开展了1:10万航空重磁综合调查工作。利用最新的航空重磁资料及实测岩石物性数据,对突泉盆地及其邻区重磁异常特征进行研究,分析航空重磁异常与地层展布、断裂活动、岩浆岩体的分布关系,重点探讨盆地的基底性质。结果表明,研究区航空重力异常与航磁异常在强度、范围、形态、梯度和走向等方面具有一定的规律性,该区断裂体系分布与重磁场特征明显相关,NNE-NE向、NW向及NE向3组断裂明显控制盆地沉积岩体及岩浆岩体的展布,盆地基底由下古生界浅变质岩系和前古生界中等变质岩系构成。     

Relationship between the Extent of Igneous Rocks and Deep Structures as Determined by Gravitational and Magnetic Data in the South China Sea

The distribution of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea and adjacent areas is closely related to the structural pattern that helped to define the controlling effect of deep processes on oil-bearing basins.Igneous rocks can record important information from deep processes.Deep structures such as faults,basin uplift and depression,Cenozoic basement and magnetic basement are all the results of energy exchange within the earth.The study of the relationship between igneous rocks and deep structures is of great significance for the study of the South China Sea.By using the minimum curvature potential field separation technique and the correlation analysis technique of gravitational and magnetic anomalies,the fusion of gravitational and magnetic data reflecting igneous rocks can be obtained,through which the igneous rocks with high susceptibility/high density or high susceptibility/low density can be identified.In this study area,igneous rocks do not develop in the Yinggehai basin,Qiongdongnan basin,Zengmu basin and Brunei-Sabah basin whilst igneous rocks with high susceptibility/high density or high susceptibility/low density are widely-developed in other basins.In undeveloped igneous areas,faults are also undeveloped the Cenozoic thickness is greater,the magnetic basement depth is greater and the Cenozoic thickness is highly positively correlated with the magnetic basement depth.In igneously developed regions,the distribution pattern of the Qiongtai block is mainly controlled by primary faults,while the distribution of the Zhongxisha block,Xunta block and Yongshu-Taiping block is mainly controlled by secondary faults,the Cenozoic thickness having a low correlation with the depth of the magnetic basement.     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷恩平组物源体系分析及未来大洋钻探建议

物源体系分析是沉积盆地特征分析的重要内容，为进一步阐明珠江口盆地恩平凹陷恩平组的沉积特征和物源体系，本文拟利用恩平凹陷的三维地震资料和钻井数据，通过古生物环境分析和锆石U- Pb定年等方法，并借助地震剖面中古沟谷的识别、前积反射结构、地震多属性分析结果和沉积相带平面分布特征，对恩平凹陷恩平组物源体系特征进行综合分析。研究结果表明，恩平组PSQ1～PSQ2时期表现位明显的陆相湖盆特征，物源主要为珠江口盆地内隆起的古生代变质岩和中生代火成岩基底，少量来源于北部华南褶皱带的元古宙变质岩；随着PSQ3时期断层活动逐渐停止，湖平面不断上升，华南褶皱带物源供给能力明显增强，逐渐成为恩平凹陷主要物源。鉴于目前南海北部缺少陆相湖盆地层的完整岩芯剖面，制约了南海北部裂陷期构造- 沉积耦合研究并影响了该地区的油气勘探，建议下一步在南海北部陆相沉积盆地(如珠江口盆地)开展大洋钻探工作，以便获取更连续、时间精度更高，受风化作用影响更小的陆相湖盆地层的完整岩芯剖面。这不仅有利于指导下一步油气勘探，也可通过重建陆相沉积盆地不同地质历史时期的沉积变化过程，为了解古气候状态和预测未来气候变化提供重要依据。     

Differences in the Tectonic Evolution of Basins in the Central‐Southern South China Sea and their Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions

To reveal the causes of differences in the hydrocarbon accumulation in continental marginal basins in the centralsouthern South China Sea,we used gravity-magnetic,seismic,drilling,and outcrop data to investigate the tectonic histories of the basins and explore how these tectonic events controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in these basins.During the subduction of the Cenozoic proto-South China Sea and the expansion of the new South China Sea,the continental margin basins in the central-southern South China Sea could be classified as one of three types of epicontinental basins:southern extensional-foreland basins,western extensional-strike slip basins,and central extensional-drift basins.Because these basins have different tectonic and sedimentary histories,they also differ in their accumulated hydrocarbon resources.During the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the southern South China Sea generally progressed through three stages:faulting and subsidence from the late Eocene to the early Miocene,inversion and uplift in the middle Miocene,and subsidence since the late Miocene.Hydrocarbon source rocks with marine-continental transitional facies dominated byⅡ-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in extremely thick Miocene sedimentary series with the filling characteristics being mainly deep-water deposits in the early stage and shallow water deposits in the late stage.With well-developed sandstone and carbonate reservoirs,this stratum has a strong hydrocarbon generation potential.During the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the western South China Sea also progressed through the three developmental stages discussed previously.Hydrocarbon source rocks with lacustrine facies,marine-continental transitional facies,and terrigenous marine facies dominated byⅡ2-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in the relatively thick stratum with the filling characteristics being mainly lacustrine deposits in the early stage and marine deposits in the late stage.As a reservoir comprised of self-generated and self-stored sandstone,this unit also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential.Throughout those same three developmental stages,the basin groups in the central South China Sea generated hydrocarbon source rocks with terrigenous marine facies dominated byⅢkerogen that have developed in a stratum with medium thicknesses with the filling characteristics being mainly sandstone in the early stage and carbonate in the late stage.This reservoir,which is dominated by lower-generation and upper-storage carbonate rocks,also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential.     

福建东洋地区地球物理场特征

为了研究东洋地区深部地质结构,在福建东洋地区开展了综合地球物理勘查,对福建东洋地区地球物理场进行了分析,结合已有的地质资料,分析研究了区域地球物理场特征及区域深部地质结构特征.研究认为:福建东洋地区位于巨型环形构造外环带西南部,研究区处在东部沿海磁场剧烈变化带和西部内陆磁场相对平缓带的过渡区域,区域航磁ΔT异常以北东向条带状异常带为主,区内分布有2处剩余重力异常高;地球物理综合剖面范围被两条北西向深大断裂分割为3部分,结合区域地质特征,推断区域南部的浅层是一套推覆无根的变质岩系高阻体,深部为一套以中生代沉积岩石为主的低阻体,区域北部浅部主要为中生代沉积岩夹薄层火山岩组成的低阻体,深部为下古生代和元古界基底岩系共同反应的高阻体,区域中部是火山岩主要发育区.      

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical composition of gneisses from the Mesozoic foreland basin in the Yellow Sea,China

The South Yellow Sea basin in eastern China has experienced a multi-stage tectonic evolution history. The major structures were created when the basin was a foreland basin during the Mesozoic. However the geological evolution of the basin has not yet been corroborated by direct evidence from the underlying basement rocks. Qianliyan Island in the southern Yellow Sea provides an opportunity to study the formation and evolution of the basin by means of direct geochronological and geochemical evidence. On Qianliyan Island, basement rocks are exposed that consist of granitic gneiss, felsic gneiss and minor mylonite, and lenses of eclogite. Major and trace element characteristics of these four types of gneiss indicate that they originated from crustal material, varying in composition from pelite to greywacke. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating results of a felsic gneiss sample show that this rock crystallized between 659 and 796 Ma and underwent a metamorphic overprint at 229 ± 4 Ma. This age pattern resembles that of gneisses from the ultra-high-pressure terrain in the Dabie–Sulu belt. We conclude that the study area was part of the northern margin of the Yangtze Block during the Neoproterozoic. Neoproterozoic magmatic activity occurred along this margin and the basement sequence underwent Triassic metamorphic overprint during the northward subduction of the Yangtze Block beneath the North China Block. We further conclude that the deformation associated with this metamorphic event led to the formation of the southern Yellow Sea foreland basin.     

Geochemical and Nd isotope composition of detrital sediments on the north margin of the South China Sea: provenance and tectonic implications

A major re‐organization of regional drainages in eastern Tibet and south‐western China took place in the Cenozoic as deformation from the growing Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau affected an increasingly wider area. The effects of these changes on the regional sediment routing systems is not well constrained. This study examines the geochemical and Nd signatures of sedimentary rocks from the Ying‐Qiong and Nanxiong basins on the northern margin of the South China Sea to constrain and identify any significant changes in sediment source. Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene sedimentary rocks in the Nanxiong Basin show higher Th/Sc, La/Sc, Th/Cr and Th/Co ratios and lower Eu/Eu* ratios than PAAS (post‐Archaean Australian Shale), which indicates that Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of the South China Block were the main basin sediment source. In contrast, Oligocene to Pleistocene sedimentary rocks of the Ying‐Qiong Basin show an abrupt change in these trace‐element ratios between 16·3 and 10·4 Ma, indicating a mid‐Miocene shift in provenance. ɛ_Nd values from the Ying‐Qiong Basin (range = −11·1 to −2·1) reinforce this, with pre‐13·8 Ma sedimentary rocks having average ɛ_Nd of −5·6 (range = −2·1 to −7·4), and post‐13·8 Ma sedimentary rocks having average ɛ_Nd of −9·3 (range = −8·7 to −11·1). During the Oligocene, the centre of rifting transferred south and basins on the north margin of the South China Sea experienced rapid subsidence. Further uplift and erosion then exposed Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites that supplied large amounts of granitic detritus, especially to the Ying‐Qiong Basin. Then a change occurred at ca 13 Ma resulting in less input from local sources (i.e. the fault blocks formed by Mesozoic‐Cenozoic tectonics and magmatism) to an increasing contribution of older continental material, mostly from Indochina to the west of the South China Sea.     

Characteristics of Meso-Cenozoic Igneous Complexes in the South Yellow Sea Basin, Lower Yangtze Craton of Eastern China and the Tectonic Setting

The South Yellow Sea Basin is partially surrounded by the East Asian continental Meso-Cenozoic widespread igneous rocks belt. Magnetic anomaly and multi-channel seismic data both reveal the prevalent occurrence of igneous rocks. We preliminarily defined the coupling relation between magnetic anomalies and igneous rock bodies. Some igneous complexes were also recognized by using multi-channel seismic and drilling data. We identified various intrusive and extrusive igneous rock bodies, such as stocks, sills, dikes, laccoliths and volcanic edifice relics through seismic facies analysis. We also forecasted the distribution characteristics of igneous complexes. More than fifty hypabyssal intrusions and volcanic relics were delineated based on the interpretation of magnetic anomaly and dense intersecting multi-channel seismic data. It is an important supplement to regional geology and basin evolution research. Spatial matching relations between igneous rock belts and fractures document that extensional N–E and N–NE-trending deep fractures may be effective pathways for magma intrusion. These fractures formed under the influence of regional extension during the Meso-Cenozoic after the Indosinian movement. Isotopic ages and crosscutting relations between igneous rock bodies and the surrounding bedded sedimentary strata both indicate that igneous activities might have initiated during the Late Jurassic, peaked in the Early Cretaceous, gradually weakened in the Late Cretaceous, and continued until the Miocene. Combined with previous studies, it is considered that the Meso-Cenozoic igneous activities, especially the intensive igneous activity of the Early Cretaceous, are closely associated with the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.     

Late Mesozoic Convergent Continental Margin with Magmatic Arc from East to South China Seas: A Review

The Late Mesozoic is an important tectonic period for subduction of Paleo-Pacific slab beneath East Asia continent. It intensely led to Jurassic to Cretaceous magmatism associated with intracontinental deformation in South China. Subduction-related accretionary complexes remained regionally from SW Japan, E Taiwan to the W Philippines and Borneo. Studies on geology in South China, especially in magmatism, have been performed with good data, results, and sufficient understandings; whereas those arc-related intermediate igneous rocks have been less found. The areas from East to South China Seas which are located at the junction between sea and land will be the preferred areas for the study of the Late Mesozoic magmatic arc and the forearc basin. The relevant arc-related magmatic rocks and forearc sedimentary records have been increasingly discovered. Studies of magmatic arc and forearc basin combined with subdction complex will be essential to the reconstruction of the convergent continental margin in South China. Analyses of magmatic arc identification from South to East China Seas, arc to forearc relationship, and assembly between arc and regional faults will become necessary to improve the knowledge of the model of East Asia convergent continental margin, and as well help to develop the understanding of Late Mesozoic forearc basin and resource potentials in the southeast sea areas.     

内蒙古西部银根-额济纳旗盆地航磁异常特征及地质意义

在对银根-额济纳旗（银-额）盆地出露的岩体的磁性特征和航磁异常特征分析的基础上,结合局部重力异常资料和前人在区域地质方面的研究成果,讨论了航磁异常与岩浆岩之间的联系,定量拟合解释了盆地东部地区的一条重磁剖面,进而探讨了岩浆岩的分布规律。研究结果表明,银根-额济纳旗盆地各类岩体磁性分布不均匀,哨马营东南侧的中性岩、银根附近的中性和酸性岩磁性较强,而其它地区出露的岩体的磁性则为弱磁性或无磁性,并且基性岩总体表现为弱磁性;区域磁异常反映了磁性基底的特征,额济纳旗西侧、苏亥图—乌力吉—苏红图一带区域磁力高异常是古元古界深变质岩系的反映,额济纳旗—绿园—特罗西滩—因格井和银根—查干德勒苏一带区域磁力低异常是前二叠系中浅变质岩系的反映;额济纳旗、哨马营北—特罗西滩、苏亥图西—因格井—乌力吉—查干德勒苏一带局部磁力高异常主要由中酸性岩所引起,哨马营—陶勒特—特罗西滩东一带局部磁力高异常主要由中性岩体所引起,绿园—务桃亥—因格井一带局部磁力高异常主要由沉积盖层中磁性物质所引起;区域性大断裂控制着银-额盆地磁性侵入岩的发育。     

南海新生代沉积基底性质和盆地类型

根据新的重磁、地震及钻井资料,结合大地构造性质和新生代主要构造变形特征,将南海新生代沉积盆地基底划分为三个基底区,即北部古生界断陷基底区、西部中—古生界走滑拉分基底区以及南部复杂基底区。北部基底区以古生界变质基底为主,同时含有中生界残留断陷,它由北部湾断陷基底区、珠江口中—古生界断陷基底区以及西沙古生界断陷基底区三个次级区构成;西部基底区以走滑伸展为特征,分为莺歌海古生界、中建南中生界以及万安中生界等三个次级走滑拉分基底区;南部基底区较复杂,划分为曾母新生代早期褶皱基底区和南沙中—古生界复杂基底区。这八个次级基底区之间主要以俯冲—碰撞缝合带、蛇绿岩带、深海放射虫沉积岩带、洋中脊火成岩带以及深大走滑转换断裂带等分隔,各自有着不同的演化历史,控制了南海新生代多种类型次级沉积盆地的地质特征。     

中国南海不同板块边缘沉积盆地构造特征

基于科学考察区域联测剖面资料,结合南海大地构造背景研究,对南海主要的新生代沉积盆地的构造特征进行了对比分析。研究表明,区域联测剖面穿越的沉积盆地的构造特征具有显著的差异,具体表现在大地构造背景、重磁场特征、盆地基底、断裂性质、构造线方向以及火成岩发育等方面。南海断裂的发育与盆地形成具有密切的关系,南海北部主要表现为NE向张性断裂控制的沉积盆地;西部主要表现为NW向和近SN向走滑断裂控制的沉积盆地;南部比较复杂,张性、压性、剪性断裂都有发育,但以NE向的南沙海槽逆冲断裂及其控制的南沙海槽盆地最具代表性;东部主要指南海中央海盆,断裂和海底火山共同控制了该区上新世-第四纪沉积。     

内蒙古西部银根-额济纳旗盆地航磁 异常特征及地质意义

在对银根-额济纳旗(银-额)盆地出露的岩体的磁性特征和航磁异常特征分析的基础上,结合局部重力异常资料和前人在区域地质方面的研究成果,讨论了航磁异常与岩浆岩之间的联系,定量拟合解释了盆地东部地区的一条重磁剖面,进而探讨了岩浆岩的分布规律。研究结果表明,银根-额济纳旗盆地各类岩体磁性分布不均匀,哨马营东南侧的中性岩、银根附近的中性和酸性岩磁性较强,而其它地区出露的岩体的磁性则为弱磁性或无磁性,并且基性岩总体表现为弱磁性;区域磁异常反映了磁性基底的特征,额济纳旗西侧、苏亥图—乌力吉—苏红图一带区域磁力高异常是古元古界深变质岩系的反映,额济纳旗—绿园—特罗西滩—因格井和银根—查干德勒苏一带区域磁力低异常是前二叠系中浅变质岩系的反映;额济纳旗、哨马营北—特罗西滩、苏亥图西—因格井—乌力吉—查干德勒苏一带局部磁力高异常主要由中酸性岩所引起,哨马营—陶勒特—特罗西滩东一带局部磁力高异常主要由中性岩体所引起,绿园—务桃亥—因格井一带局部磁力高异常主要由沉积盖层中磁性物质所引起;区域性大断裂控制着银-额盆地磁性侵入岩的发育。     

中国东南部晚中生代火成岩的基底探讨

根据浙闽赣粤地区出露的中深变质岩石构造组合,构造形迹和近年报道的同位素测年数据认为,中国东南部晚中生代火成岩之下存在一个前泥盆纪的变质基底,其中,前震旦纪的变质基底以呈面形分布的片岩,片麻岩及混合岩为特征,年龄值大于8亿年,是构成华南地区最古老的陆壳基底之一,俗称华厦古陆,9亿年左右,该陆块和扬子陆块碰撞,其缝合带为强兴－江山－东乡－萍乡断裂带,稍后,受区域拉张构造事件的影响,它被裂解为三个走向各异,分布在浙东南－闽西北,赣中－赣南和云开三个地区的块体,分别呈NEE,NNE和NE方向展布,三者之间为巨厚的震旦纪一早古生代沉积物质所充填,并有复式岩浆岩流出现,研究表明,中国东南部晚中生代火成岩的基底构造至少经历过三期构造一热事件的演化,这种古构造格局,制约了中国东南部中生代大规模构造－岩浆活动,岩浆成分差异及其空间展布。     

Geology and tectonics of Japanese islands: A review – The key to understanding the geology of Asia

The age of the major geological units in Japan ranges from Cambrian to Quaternary. Precambrian basement is, however, expected, as the provenance of by detrital clasts of conglomerate, detrital zircons of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, and as metamorphic rocks intruded by 500 Ma granites. Although rocks of Paleozoic age are not widely distributed, rocks and formations of late Mesozoic to Cenozoic can be found easily throughout Japan. Rocks of Jurassic age occur mainly in the Jurassic accretionary complexes, which comprise the backbone of the Japanese archipelago. The western part of Japan is composed mainly of Cretaceous to Paleogene felsic volcanic and plutonic rocks and accretionary complexes. The eastern part of the country is covered extensively by Neogene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. During the Quaternary, volcanoes erupted in various parts of Japan, and alluvial plains were formed along the coastlines of the Japanese Islands. These geological units are divided by age and origin: i.e. Paleozoic continental margin; Paleozoic island arc; Paleozoic accretionary complexes; Mesozoic to Paleogene accretionary complexes and Cenozoic island arcs. These are further subdivided into the following tectonic units, e.g. Hida; Oki; Unazuki; Hida Gaien; Higo; Hitachi; Kurosegawa; South Kitakami; Nagato-Renge; Nedamo; Akiyoshi; Ultra-Tamba; Suo; Maizuru; Mino-Tamba; Chichibu; Chizu; Ryoke; Sanbagawa and Shimanto belts.The geological history of Japan commenced with the breakup of the Rodinia super continent, at about 750 Ma. At about 500 Ma, the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate began to be subducted beneath the continental margin of the South China Block. Since then, Proto-Japan has been located on the convergent margin of East Asia for about 500 Ma. In this tectonic setting, the most significant tectonic events recorded in the geology of Japan are subduction–accretion, paired metamorphism, arc volcanism, back-arc spreading and arc–arc collision. The major accretionary complexes in the Japanese Islands are of Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous–Paleogene age. These accretionary complexes became altered locally to low-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic, or high-temperature and low-pressure metamorphic rocks. Medium-pressure metamorphic rocks are limited to the Unazuki and Higo belts. Major plutonism occurred in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. Early Paleozoic Cambrian igneous activity is recorded as granites in the South Kitakami Belt. Late Paleozoic igneous activity is recognized in the Hida Belt. During Cretaceous to Paleogene time, extensive igneous activity occurred in Japan. The youngest granite in Japan is the Takidani Granite intruded at about 1–2 Ma. During Cenozoic time, the most important geologic events are back-arc opening and arc–arc collision. The major back-arc basins are the Sea of Japan and the Shikoku and Chishima basins. Arc–arc collision occurred between the Honshu and Izu-Bonin arcs, and the Honshu and Chishima arcs.     

南海盆地中生代海相沉积地层分布特征及勘探潜力分析

南海盆地中生代海相地层是古南海沉积产物,主要分布于南海北部陆架珠江口盆地东部,南海南部西北巴拉望、礼乐滩和南薇西-北康盆地及其附近,地层厚度在2 500~5 000 m,分布面积合计在125 000 km²以上。南北两地中生界被古老基底和新生代洋壳隔开,加里曼丹岛北侧-北巴拉望一线为古南海消亡的缝合带。南海盆地中生代生物源以浮游生物为主,干酪根为III型,以生气为主。油气生成、运移与圈闭形成的匹配关系良好,可形成自生自储型油气藏、新生古储型油气藏和古生新储型油气藏。由此可见,南海盆地中生代海相沉积岩具有较好的勘探潜力。     

对南海北部陆坡至东海南部“残留特提斯”的几点认识

特提斯构造域是指发育于欧亚大陆南缘的一条全球性纬向展布的构造域,在该构造域内发育有许多蕴含丰富油气资源的沉积盆地,是世界上最主要的含油气区。通过对比分析世界上典型的"特提斯域"所拥有的特有沉积及构造环境及其对油气生成、聚集成藏与保存带来的深刻影响,如赤道封闭型浅海碳酸岩盐礁为主夹页岩的沉积主体及有机质类型为Ⅰ、Ⅱ型及蒸发岩盖层等特征,并通过对实际勘探资料的对比分析,认为南海北部、东海南部中生代缺乏典型"特提斯域"沉积及典型特提斯型大型油气藏成藏条件。