利用长期GPS观测资料分析昆仑断裂现今滑动速率与地壳活动特性

利用昆仑断裂区域的GPS观测资料，通过高精度数据处理获取区域地壳运动速度场，进而通过速度剖面线估算昆仑断裂现今形变速率。结果表明，昆仑断裂在94°E、101°E、103°E附近的现今滑动速率分别为12.8±1.9 mm/a、6.1±0.9 mm/a、0.7±2.1 mm/a。进一步分析得到如下结论：1）本文估算的昆仑断裂10 a尺度的现今滑动速率和万年尺度的地质学结果基本一致，说明现今滑动速率可以作为断裂地震风险性评估的有效输入数据；2）昆仑断裂东段具有向东逐渐减小的滑动速率，减少的速率可能主要被阿尼玛卿山的地壳增厚和断裂东段的顺时针旋转所吸收；3）昆仑断裂的西大滩-东大滩地震空区位于高应变区。     

渭河盆地现今三维地壳运动及断裂活动性研究

渭河盆地GPS(1990~2015年)水平运动速率为4.3~11.6 mm/a，方向在107.8°E和110.5°E依次由西部的SEE转为中部的SE及东部的近E向。1980~2014年水准资料揭示，该地区垂向以继承性运动为主，速率-4.6~6.2 mm/a。鄂尔多斯地块以3 mm/a抬升，内部差异运动小于1 mm/a；盆地相对其以5 mm/a下沉，相对秦岭以4 mm/a下沉。垂向运动在凹陷和凸起区表现为四象限特征，断块/断裂交接处差异运动大、地震多发，西、南部断裂活动大于东、北部。岐山-马召等断裂以差异运动为主，渭河断裂中段达5 mm/a，其他断裂在3 mm/a以内。     

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????2009~2011???GPS?????????????λ???????о??????????????????????????????????????????乹???????????????????????????????壬?????????????????????????????????89.37°??27.91°??-2.56°/Ma???? ??89.02°??28.94°??-2.87°/Ma???? ??85.03°??27.98°??-0.93°/Ma??????3????????????????????????????????????????????????4.5 mm/a??????2.2 mm/a????????????????????????????ε???????????6.75±0.9 mm/a?????ε??????????4.72±0.8 mm/a????????????о???????????????????????????????????????????????10 km??С???????????????     

利用GRACE监测全球海水质量变化时滤波处理的影响分析

利用CSR公布的GRACE RL05月重力场数据,采用多种滤波方法推算全球平均海水质量变化,并与GFZ公布的已滤波数据DDK1~DDK5估算结果进行比较。结果表明,不同的滤波方法对估算全球平均海水质量变化结果的影响是显著的,主要体现在信号的空间分布、时间序列以及拟合的趋势项3个方面。 2002~2014年CSR RL05数据多种滤波估算的全球海水质量变化速率为1.17~1.26 mm/a,GFZ DDK数据显示的速率为1.29~1.45 mm/a,两组数据给出的加速度项分别为0.1 mm/a2、0.07 mm/a2。     

2003~2016年南极地区冰盖质量变化时间序列分析

利用CSR提供的GRACE时变重力场数据反演2003~2016年南极地区冰盖质量变化。结果表明,南极地区冰盖整体呈现消融趋势,消融速率为（-101.27±7.02） Gt/a,且在不断加速。EA以质量积累为主,速率为（69.09±2.64） Gt/a,但近期速率大幅减小;WA冰盖消融速率为（-148.35±6.78） Gt/a,表现为加速消融趋势,为南极冰盖质量消融的主要地区;AP消融速率为（-22.01±1.44） Gt/a,变化相对平稳。     

2002～2018年中国七大流域水储量变化及时空分布特征

基于 GRACE 重力卫星反演2002～2018年中国七大流域的水储量变化。研究表明,中国陆地水储量变化存在明显的地域分布特征,辽河、海河、黄河和淮河流域水储量总体上呈递减趋势,年均减少速率分别为-0.54±0.9 mm/a、-5.96±0.6 mm/a、-2.65±0.8 mm/a 和-1.94±1.2 mm/a。在海河流域,地下水严重超采导致水储量明显减少;松花江、长江、珠江流域水储量呈显著增加趋势,年均增长速率分别为4.52±1.1 mm/a、3.84±0.7 mm/a、4.87±1.1 mm/a。流域水储量峰值一般晚于最大降雨量月份,这是因为降雨转换为陆地水储量需要一定时间。     

阿尔金断裂带中段现今构造形变模式的InSAR研究

利用2007～2010年间14景ALOS PALSAR数据及SBAS InSAR技术，获取阿尔金断裂带中段91°E附近现今地壳形变速率场，并反演该地区断层的滑动速率和闭锁深度。结果表明，阿尔金断裂中段地区的形变速率自北向南呈3个线性梯度变化区，分别为阿尔金山东段8～12 mm/a、索尔库里盆地6～7 mm/a、阿尔金断裂带以南约0 mm/a。3个速率梯度变化区主要集中在喀腊达坂断裂和阿尔金主断裂上；拟合的断层就位于金雁山南缘、喀腊达坂断裂南邻，走滑速率从西（7.1 mm/a）向东（14.0 mm/a）逐渐增大，闭锁深度自西(4.5 km)向东(10.6 km)逐渐趋深。结合前人研究推测，金雁山（阿尔金山链东部）与索尔库里拉分盆地组成的复合破裂构造模式，是转换断层运动时应力和应变调整的主要驱动机制。     

红河断裂带闭锁程度与滑动亏损分布的GNSS反演

使用1999~2007年及2009~2013年2期GPS速度场，利用TDEFNODE负位错-块体模型反演红河断裂带的闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率。结果表明，红河断裂带以右旋走滑为主，兼有部分拉张和挤压，2008年以前红河断裂平均走滑速率为3.8±2.5 mm/a，平均倾滑速率为1.2±2.5 mm/a，北段和中段表现为拉张，南段则为挤压。红河断裂带北段和中段0~15 km的闭锁系数在0.8~0.99之间，滑动亏损速率为4.5 mm/a，易于应变能的快速积累；南段0~10 km的闭锁系数在0.8~0.95之间，滑动亏损速率为4 mm/a。2008年以后，中段闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率有所减小，南段闭锁程度与亏损速率有所增大。     

安徽省CORS坐标时间序列噪声和速度场分析

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件解算安徽省卫星定位综合服务系统（AHCORS）2013-01～2018-06数据,得到参考站坐标时间序列,并对其进行噪声分析。结果表明,安徽省境内参考站的最佳噪声模型为白噪声+闪烁噪声（WN+FN）模型。在顾及有色噪声影响时,AHCORS在ITRF2008框架下的平均运动速度为31.72 mm/a,方向为E22.76°S;以欧亚板块为参考的平均运动速度为6.28 mm/a,方向为E2.65°N。垂直方向上整体平均运动速率为-0.71 mm/a,以淮河为界呈现出南方隆升、北方沉降的趋势。其中,大别山地区的隆起速率大于江淮丘陵区和黄山地区,江淮丘陵区抬升速率相对平缓,淮河以南一带平均抬升速率为2.94 mm/a。淮北地区沉降明显,平均沉降速率为10.92 mm/a,最大沉降速率为32.82 mm/a,发生在宿州砀山（SZDS）站,可能是近年来开采矿产资源所致。     

基于GRACE RL06数据探测三江源地区陆地水储量变化

利用CSR最新发布的GRACE RL06数据反演2006~2015年三江源地区陆地水储量的时空变化,并结合GLDAS水文模型、TRMM降水数据及地表冻融数据进行对比分析。结果表明,三江源地区的陆地水和地表水在2006~2015年的变化趋势分别为5.2±1.2 mm/a和-3.8±0.9 mm/a;降水与陆地水的变化密切相关,也是造成陆地水储量呈季节性变化的主要原因;冻土作为特殊的蓄水层,影响着三江源地区地表水与地下水之间的水力联系,冻土活动可能造成GRACE与GLDAS水储量之间的差异;根据GRACE与GLDAS水储量在空间趋势上的差异推测,三江源地区高原多年冻土退化,活动层增厚。     

An analysis of the steric sea level change by introducing sea surface temperature

In this paper, we use the optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (OISST) provided by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) to replace the temperature in the top three layers in the ISHII data, and make use of the modified ISHII temperature data to calculate the thermosteric sea level (called modified steric sea level (SSL) hereafter). We subtract the modified SSL and the steric sea level (called ordinary SSL hereafter) derived from the ISHII temperature and salinity from the steric sea level (SSL) provided by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), respectively, and find that the rms error of the difference of the former is obviously smaller than that of the latter. Therefore we reach the conclusion that under the assumption that the GRACE SSL is accurate, the modified SSL can reflect the true steric sea level more accurately. Making use of the modified SSL, we can find that the modified SSL in sea areas of different spatial scales shows an obvious rising trend in the upper 0-700 m layer for the period 1982-2006. The global mean SSL rises with a rate of 0.6 mm year-1 .The modified SSLs in sea areas of different spatial scales all show obvious oscillations with period of one year. There are oscillations with periods of 4-8 years in global oceans and with periods of 2-7 years in the Pacific. The Empirical Orthogonal Function method is applied to the sea areas of different spatial scales and we find that the first modes all have obvious 1-year period oscillations, the first mode of the global ocean has 4-8 year period oscillations, and that of the Pacific has 2-6 year period oscillations. The spatial distribution of the linear rising trend of the global modified SSL in the upper 0-700 m layer is inhomogeneous with intense regional characteristics. The modified SSL linear trend indicates a zonal dipole in the tropical Pacific, rising in the west and descending in the east. In the North Atlantic, the modified SSL indicates a meridional dipole, rising in the latitude band of 20°N-40°N and 45°N-65.5°N and descending obviously in the latitude band of 40°N-45°N.     

A comparison of Argo nominal surface and near-surface temperature for validation of AMSR-E SST

Satellite SST(sea surface temperature) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) is compared with in situ temperature observations from Argo profiling floats over the global oceans to evaluate the advantages of Argo NST(near-surface temperature: water temperature less than 1 m from the surface). By comparing Argo nominal surface temperature(~5 m) with its NST, a diurnal cycle caused by daytime warming and nighttime cooling was found, along with a maximum warming of 0.08±0.36°C during 14:00–15:00 local time. Further comparisons between Argo 5-m temperature/Argo NST and AMSR-E SST retrievals related to wind speed, columnar water vapor, and columnar cloud water indicate warming biases at low wind speed(5 m/s) and columnar water vapor 28 mm during daytime. The warming tendency is more remarkable for AMSR-E SST/Argo 5-m temperature compared with AMSR-E SST/Argo NST, owing to the effect of diurnal warming. This effect of diurnal warming events should be excluded before validation for microwave SST retrievals. Both AMSR-E nighttime SST/Argo 5-m temperature and nighttime SST/Argo NST show generally good agreement, independent of wind speed and columnar water vapor. From our analysis, Argo NST data demonstrated their advantages for validation of satellite-retrieved SST.     

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??????????????GRACE?????????????仯????????????????????????о???2003~2005?????????????仯?????????????????GRACE????????????????????????????????仯?????????????????????Σ?GRACE??????????????????????????仯??     

顾及多因子影响的中国区域Tm模型精化研究

利用中国区域2015~2017年探空数据,建立一种顾及地表温度、地表水汽压、高程和纬度的中国区域大气加权平均温度T_m模型（BET模型）。以2018年探空站T_m数据为参考值,分析BET模型精度,并与Bevis模型和GPT3模型进行对比。结果表明,BET模型年均RMSE与bias分别为3.15 K和0.04 K,相比于Bevis模型、1°×1°分辨率的GPT3模型和5°×5°分辨率的GPT3模型,年均RMSE分别降低29.2%、32.8%和39.1%,年均bias分别降低96.4%、96.7%和97.4%,且该模型在中国区域不同高程和纬度上的精度与稳定性优于Bevis模型和GPT3模型。     

山西地区地壳S波速度结构

利用山西及周边共44个宽频地震台2014-01~07地震噪声数据,反演瑞利波群速度和相速度频散,得到研究区域的三维剪切波速度。上地壳中,山西断陷带表现为较低的速度异常,而两侧的隆起区则显示高速异常;中下地壳主要表现为以北纬38.5°左右为界的南高北低的速度特征。大同盆地从浅部到中下地壳整体呈现为低速特征,与该地区广泛存在的火山群有关。     

Global sea level change and thermal contribution

The global long-term sea level trend is obtained from the analysis of tide gauge data and TOPEX/Poseidon data. The linear trend of global mean sea level is highly non-umiform spatially, with an average rate of 2.2 mm year-1 in T/P sea-level rise from October 1992 to September 2002. Sea level change duc to temperature vanation (the thermosteric sea level) is discussed. The results are compared with TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data in the same temporal span at different spatial scales. It is indicated that the ther-mal effect accounts for 86% and 73% of the observed seasonal variability in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. The TOPEX/Poseidon observed sea level lags behind the TSI, by 2 months in the zonal band of 40°-60° in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Systematic differences of about 1-2cm between TOPEX/Poseidon observations and thermosteric sea level data are obtained. The potential causes for these differences include water exchange among the atmosphere, land, and oceans, and some pos-sible deviations in thermosteric contribution estimates and geophysical corrections to the TOPEX/Poseidon data.     

Estimating trends of the Mediterranean Sea level changes from tide gauge and satellite altimetry data (1993-2015)

The impact of climate change on sea level has received a great deal of attention by scientists worldwide.In this context,the problem of sea levels on global and regional scales have been analyzed in a number of studies based on tide gauges observations and satellite altimetry measurements.This study focuses on trend estimates from 18 high-quality tide gauge stations along the Mediterranean Sea coast.The seasonal Mann-Kendall test was run at a 5% significance level for each of the 18 stations for the period of 1993-2015(satellite altimetry era).The results of this test indicate that the trends for 17 stations were statistically significant and showed an increase(no significant trend was observed only at one station).The rates of sea level change for the 17 stations that exhibit significant trends,estimated using seasonal Sen's approach,range after correction for Vertical Land Motion(VLM)from 1.48 to 8.72 mm/a for the period1993-201 5.Furthermore,the magnitude of change at the location of each tide gauge station was estimated using the satellite altimetry measurements.Thus,the results obtained agree with those from the tide-gauge data analysis.     

尼泊尔M8.1地震震前卫星重力场时变特征

利用多年GRACE卫星重力变化资料,给出尼泊尔及周缘地区的重力场时空变化,以探索2015-04-25尼泊尔M8.1地震震前重力变化特征;并基于球形位错理论,利用断层模型数据模拟同震重力场变化。研究表明,区域重力场变化以2008年为界存在明显的分时段特征,2003~2008年以重力增加为主,而2009~2014年以重力减少为主;且存在明显的分区性,区域重力场在尼泊尔地震震中四周呈正负相间分布;震前局部重力场变化在压缩区重力增加,拉张区重力减少,与理论同震重力变化结果一致。总结研究区域近年来M7.0以上地震震前重力变化特征发现,地震基本发生在重力变化高梯度带的过渡带及重力变化零值线附近。     

2021年双湖MS5.8地震InSAR同震形变场及断层滑动分布反演

基于Sentinel-1A数据,利用合成孔径雷达差分干涉(DInSAR)技术提取视线向(LOS)同震形变场,利用基于序列蒙特卡罗采样的贝叶斯方法反演发震断层几何参数与断层滑动分布。结果表明,发震断层走向约47.810°±2.218°,倾角约36.664°±2.499°;震中位置为87.715°E、34.365°N,震源深度为5.673 km。同震滑动分布主要集中在3.9~7.5 km深度,最大滑动量约0.42 m,平均滑动角约-66.598°±3.258°。本次地震以正断为主,兼具少量左旋走滑性质,反演得到的矩震级为M_W5.5,略小于USGS提供的震级。