甲状腺乳头状癌组织坏死后矿化特征研究

组织坏死后矿（钙）化是甲状腺癌病灶中普遍存在的钙化形式之一,与病变关系密切。利用光学显微镜、环境扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜及显微红外光谱研究了6例甲状腺乳头状癌中的组织坏死后矿化特征。结果表明,组织坏死后矿化往往发生在胶原纤维丰富的位置,与胶原关系密切。矿化表现出2种形态,矿（钙）化灶内为较为致密的隐晶集合体,其表面及其附近的胶原上沉淀有许多微米级矿化小球,离矿化灶较远的胶原纤维上也散布有矿化小球。一些矿化小球边缘还发育絮状矿化物质,使之形成绒球状外貌。矿化物质结晶程度均较差,由纳米多晶组成。钙化灶中央较致密部分的n（Ca）/n（P）比较高,接近羟基磷灰石的理论比值,而其边缘以及矿化小球的n（Ca）/n（P）比均较低,可能含有磷酸八钙等低n（Ca）/n（P）磷酸钙系列矿物。矿化初期形成纳米多晶组成的微米级矿化小球,矿化小球逐渐聚集形成大面积的矿化灶。     

脑动脉粥样硬化斑块中钙化物矿物学特征研究

脑动脉钙化与脑动脉系统病变有密切联系。本文从矿物学角度出发,使用偏光显微镜(POM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、显微红外光谱(micro-FTIR)、同步辐射微区X射线衍射(μ-SRXRD)以及同步辐射微区X射线荧光光谱(μ-SRXRF)对脑动脉粥样硬化斑块中的钙化样品进行了研究。结果表明,钙化主要有球状和块状两种集合体形态,球状钙化具有同心环状或同心放射状构造,直径约0.3~5μm;块状钙化中可见球状钙化被杂乱分布的柱状纳米晶体包裹。钙化主要矿物相为B型碳羟磷灰石(B-CHA),并含Na、Mg、Zn、Fe和Sr等元素,与主动脉钙化中的矿物组成类似。钙化在其形成初期呈分散的小球状,后期大量球体逐渐被CHA纳米晶体充填胶结形成了致密的块状钙化。     

几种乳腺疾病矿化特征初步研究

利用光学显微镜、环境扫描电子显微镜（ESEM）及红外光谱对乳腺恶性肿瘤、乳腺良性肿瘤、乳腺增生症和乳腺炎 症四类医学病理诊断中常见并且矿化多发的乳腺疾病进行了矿化灶特征研究。通过对不同类型乳腺矿化形成位置、结构以 及钙化性状的综合比较表明,乳腺浸润性癌和原位癌中导管内陈旧性坏死易发生矿化;在乳腺纤维腺瘤中胶原纤维上会形 成大量类似砂粒体的矿化小体;乳腺增生症中矿化灶位于粗大的胶原纤维之间,胶原纤维上沉淀大量矿化小球,矿化灶内 部呈纤维状结构,束状构造,能谱测试结果显示部分钙化灶Ca/P（原子分数）比高于磷酸钙系列矿物的理论比值,说明存 在磷酸钙以外的其他钙盐,如草酸钙沉积;脂肪坏死组织中的矿化灶无特殊发生位置,矿化灶内部呈粗纤维结构。不同类 型乳腺疾病中矿化灶形态存在较大差异。胶原纤维、上皮细胞与矿化作用的发生密切相关。     

脑动脉粥样硬化斑块中不同类型钙化集合体的矿物学特征及分布规律

钙化是脑动脉粥样硬化的重要指示,并与粥样硬化的发展密切相关。脑动脉粥样硬化斑块钙化灶中存在球状与块状两类不同形貌的矿物集合体,但是关于两类钙化矿物学特征的区别以及其在病灶中空间分布规律的研究仍不充分。选取具有不同程度钙化的脑动脉粥样硬化样品,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及其附带的能谱仪(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及其附带的选区电子衍射(SAED)以及拉曼光谱(Raman),对钙化物的形貌、构造以及基于空间分布的物相组成及化学成分的变化进行了研究。研究表明,钙化灶中心由块状钙化构成,周围分布着球状钙化。块状钙化中物相分布不均匀,其中心由碳羟磷灰石(CHA)构成,边缘除CHA外还含有部分无定型磷酸钙(ACP)。球状钙化由白磷钙石(WH)与CHA构成。     

甲状腺乳头状癌中砂粒体矿物学研究

砂粒体矿化对诊断甲状腺乳头状癌具有高度的特异性,对其矿物成分及形成机理的分析有望对研究肿瘤的发生发展过程提供辅助信息.本文以甲状腺乳头状癌中的同心层状砂粒体矿化作为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜、环境扫描电镜及其能谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、电子探针和高分辨透射电子显微镜,对原位和分离处理样品的表面形貌、结构和矿物成分进行了观察测试.研究结果表明,甲状腺乳头状癌中砂粒体是由纳米尺寸的粒状、短柱状碳羟磷灰石及一些无定形低Ca/P(原子分数,下同)的磷酸钙矿物混合组成,砂粒体的同心层状构造具有微胶粒成因的特征,是结构和成分不同的直接反映,砂粒体中Ca、P及 Ca/P的分布具有从外向内逐渐升高的趋势.     

脑膜瘤旁巨型矿化灶矿物成分分析

脑膜瘤旁复发性巨大矿化灶是罕见的病例,对其中矿物成分的分析可能会对肿瘤复发病因的研究提供辅助信息。本文利用X射线物相分析、红外光谱分析、环境扫描电镜观察和高分辨透射电镜观察分析等方法,对该矿化灶样品的矿物成分进行了分析。结果表明,该矿化灶的矿物颗粒大小统计值约为4.3nm,主要成分为碳酸磷灰石,笔者推测可能还含有少量不定形的磷酸钙系列其他矿物。     

Mg/Ca比对微生物成因的碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的影响

研究Mg/Ca比对生物成因的碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的影响是研究各种含镁方解石形成机理的关键。本文在Mg/Ca摩尔比分别为1、2、4、6和8的条件下进行了为期55d的硫酸盐还原细菌诱导碳酸盐矿物形成的实验,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了Mg/Ca比对碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的影响。实验结果表明:①Mg/Ca比与矿物的种类之间存在密切的关系。在Mg/Ca摩尔比较低(1和2)时仅形成高镁方解石,在Mg/Ca摩尔比为4时,形成的矿物组合为含镁方解石+高镁方解石,在Mg/Ca摩尔比为6和8时,矿物组合为高镁方解石+单水碳钙石+钙白云石;②Mg/Ca比影响矿物的生长速率。Mg/Ca比越高,晶体生长速率越快;③Mg/Ca比明显影响矿物的形态。随着Mg/Ca比的增大,矿物的形态有如下发展规律:哑铃形→花菜状→光球状→刺球状。这些研究结果将有助于探讨制约含镁碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的机制。     

乳腺纤维腺瘤病灶中钙化的矿物学研究

选取8例乳腺纤维腺瘤的钙化样品,利用光学显微镜（OM）、环境扫描电镜（ESEM）、高分辨透射电镜（HR-TEM）、显微红外光谱仪（FTIR）、微区X射线衍射等矿物学方法对样品进行了原位和分离后形貌、结构及成分的测试分析,探讨了病灶中钙化的矿物学特征,初步探讨了钙化的组成及形成机理。研究结果表明,乳腺纤维腺瘤中的钙化是由病变后期玻璃样变性胶原中的羟基和羧基为钙化提供了成核位点,伴随病情发展最后形成OM下可见的以羟磷灰石为主要成分的坏死钙化。     

细菌在洞穴含铁沉积物形成过程中的作用

本文以贵州董哥洞岩壁分离出沉积Fe3 的菌株,在室内模拟铁细菌引起的沉积过程,探讨了细菌在洞穴含铁沉积物形成过程中的机制。结果表明,铁细菌对数生长期结束后,实验体系中的铁、钙开始沉积,且在约4h之内Fe3 和Ca2 的浓度降低至接近零。通过比较铁细菌作用后的岩石样品与未经微生物作用的岩石样品的X射线衍射和X射线荧光探针图谱,发现不论经过细菌作用与否,岩石样品中的元素和矿物成分均相同,主要元素均为Ca、Fe、Mn、Mg、P、Si和Al,矿物成分都有方解石、纤铁矿和粘土矿物。结合洞穴环境条件分析,指出细菌能够富集洞穴渗水中的铁离子,其生物成矿作用形成铁矿物和非晶质铁壳覆盖于洞穴沉积物表面,改变了洞穴沉积物的色泽。     

韶关市大气降尘矿物成分和形貌特征研究

利用X射线衍射（XRD）仪、扫描电镜X射线能谱（SEM/EDX）仪研究大气降尘矿物成分和颗粒物形貌特征。结果表明，韶关市大气降尘主要矿物成分为伊利石、斜长石、绿泥石、石英、方解石、白云石和无定型非晶质物等，大气颗粒物形貌可分为4种类型：粒状、片状单矿物，链状集合体，圆球状飘珠和不规则粒状集合体。伊利石、绿泥石来源于地面扬尘，方解石、白云石来源于建筑扬尘，无定型非晶质物来源于工业烟尘。粒状、片状单矿物是地面扬尘的标志，链状集合体和圆球形飘珠是工业烟尘的标志，不规则粒状集合体是建筑扬尘的标志。大气降尘矿物成分和形貌特征是判别污染物来源的重要标志。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)