基于分类规则挖掘的遥感影像分类研究

分析了目前遥感影像的统计分类、神经网络分类及基于符号知识的逻辑推理分类方法的优缺点.以GIS为平台,构建了多源空间数据库,将数据挖掘的思想和方法引入遥感影像分类中,提出了面向分类规则挖掘的遥感影像分类框架.针对遥感光谱数据及其他空间数据的特点,定义了连续属性样本分类概念和分割点评价指标,提出了一种新的连续属性样本分类规则挖掘算法.选择一个试验区,采用该算法分别对遥感光谱数据、遥感光谱和DEM数据相结合的数据进行分类规则挖掘、遥感影像分类和分类精度比较.结果表明：（1）该算法具有较高的分类精度;（2）加入DEM等与分类相关的其他空间数据可以提高遥感影像的分类精度.通过挖掘分类规则进行遥感影像分类,扩展了基于知识的逻辑推理分类方法中知识获取渠道,提高了分类规则获取的智能化程度.新的连续属性样本分类规则挖掘算法,扩展了归纳学习算法对连续属性样本分类的适应性.     

影像增强对 ISODATA 遥感影像分类结果的影响

ISODATA算法是遥感影像非监督分类的典型算法之一。在进行非监督分类前,需要对遥感影像进行必要的处理,影像增强就是其中最为重要的步骤之一。本文通过对ISODATA算法和影像增强算法的阐述,分析了影像增强算法与非监督分类结合的方式和局限性。并通过实验分析了常用影像增强算法对非监督分类结果的影响,科学合理的选择适当的影像增强算法来提高非监督分类的可靠性。     

影像增强对ISODATA遥感影像分类结果的影响

ISODATA算法是遥感影像非监督分类的典型算法之一。在进行非监督分类前,需要对遥感影像进行必要的处理,影像增强就是其中最为重要的步骤之一。本文通过对ISODATA算法和影像增强算法的阐述,分析了影像增强算法与非监督分类结合的方式和局限性。并通过实验分析了常用影像增强算法对非监督分类结果的影响,科学合理的选择适当的影像增强算法来提高非监督分类的可靠性。     

基于神经网络的遥感影像分类研究

由于传统遥感影像分类方法存在不足，故采用BP神经元网络进行遥感影像分类研究。阐述了算法原理、实现步骤以及改进方法。通过实验示例，将BP神经元网络的分类结果与传统统计方法分类结果进行比较，获得了有意义的结果。     

基于BP神经网络的高分辨率遥感影像分类

为了能有效地从高分辨率遥感影像中提取地物信息,本文通过影像的光谱和纹理特征,利用BP神经网络算法进行影像分类研究。首先提取分类所需的光谱和纹理特征源,然后根据影像和地物特征,建立BP神经网络,用于样本训练和分类处理,实现地物分类。为验证该方法的可靠性,以2006年11月获取的成都平原某区域的Quickbird影像为实验数据,进行高分辨率遥感影像的地物分类实验。实验结果表明,结合影像光谱和纹理特征的BP神经网络分类算法,不仅可以有效保证BP神经网络分类训练的稳定性和收敛速度,还能达到较高的分类精度。     

联合光谱和纹理特征的支持向量机滩涂分类方法研究

滩涂作为海岸带的重要组成部分,是重要的土地资源。针对遥感影像滩涂分类的提取,文中提出一种联合光谱和纹理特征支持向量机(SVM)滩涂分类的方法。首先介绍纹理特征影像获取方法,通过灰度共生矩阵分析得到滩涂纹理特征影像;然后将光谱影像与纹理影像叠加形成一幅多维特征影像,用SVM分类算法中的OAR分类器进行分类实验,对分类结果进行实验分析。实验结果表明,该算法对提高海岸带地理信息获取能力,提升海洋遥感测绘信息化保障水平有积极意义。     

基于分类回归树分析的遥感影像土地利用／覆被分类研究

以专家知识和经验为基础,综合影像光谱信息和其他辅助信息进行分类的基于知识的遥感影像解译方法,是提高遥感影像分类精度,实现自动解译的有效途径之一。然而,知识的获取一直是其得以广泛应用的“瓶颈”问题。以江苏省江宁试验区土地利用/覆被分类为例,利用分类回归树分析(CART)从训练样本数据集中发现分类规则,集成遥感影像的光谱特征、纹理特征和空间分布特征进行分类实验,并与传统的监督分类和逻辑通道分类方法进行比较。结果表明,基于CART的分类方法的精度基本在80%以上,与另两种方法相比,有了较大的提高,而且该算法复杂性低,效率高。由此说明,利用CART算法构建决策树获取的分类规则是合理的。它可以快速、有效地获取大量分类规则,是促进基于知识的遥感影像分类方法在土地利用/覆被分类中广泛应用的一项有效手段。     

卷积神经网络在高分遥感影像分类中的应用

针对目前应用于高分辨率遥感影像分类的常用算法,其精度已无法满足大数据环境下的分类要求的问题,该文提出了卷积神经网络分类算法。卷积神经网络模型降低了因图像平移、比例缩放、倾斜或者共他形式的变形而引起的误差。在大数据环境下,采用卷积神经网络算法对高分辨率遥感影像进行分类,避免了特征提取和分类过程中数据重建的复杂度,提高了分类精度。通过实验比对分析,证明了卷积神经网络在高分辨率遥感影像分类中的可行性及精度优势,对遥感图像处理领域等相关工作提供了参考价值。     

基于PCA-BPNN的多光谱遥感影像分类

基于BP算法的神经网络方法目前已广泛运用于遥感影像分类,提出一种主成分分析(PCA)与BP神经网络相结合的遥感影像分类方法——PCA-BPNN,实验证明该方法是可行并且有效的,在减少计算量和加快收敛的同时,提高了分类的精度。     

基于布谷鸟算法的遥感影像智能分类

提出了一种新的基于布谷鸟算法的智能式遥感分类方法。采用布谷鸟智能优化算法,自动搜索遥感影像各波段的最优阈值分割点,并定义各波段最优阈值分割点和影像分类目标类别的连线为布谷鸟的最佳解,构造以If-Then形式表达的遥感分类规则。将所提的基于布谷鸟算法的影像分类方法应用于ALOS影像分类中,并与蜂群智能遥感分类方法和See5.0决策树方法进行了对比分析。结果表明,布谷鸟智能遥感分类的总体精度和Kappa系数均比蜂群智能遥感分类和See5.0决策树方法更高,该智能遥感分类方法具有更好的分类效果。     

硬分类对低空间分辨率图像分类效果的影响

针对图像分类效果与图像的空间分辨率之间的关系尚未得到定量分析的问题,该文以中巴卫星CCD图像对冬小麦的分类结果为参考数据,对空间分辨率与制图精度之间的关系进行理论分析。通过在不同空间分辨率状态下分别计算随着硬分类阈值的取值变化而得到的由漏分误差和错分误差所形成的"帕累托边界",来分析硬分类器所能达到的分类精度的极限。结果表明,在空间分辨率相对较低的前提下,图像整体分类效果取决于被分类像元的纯度在图像中的数量分布状况。研究结论可为制作遥感专题图时如何选取合适的空间分辨率图像提供参考。     

基于遥感和GIS的区域生态环境分类研究

本文以石羊河流域为例,研究了基于卫星遥感数据与数字高程模型的区域生态环境分类方法。其研究 机理是:利用遥感技术获取相关生态环境专题信息,运用GIS空间分析技术自动生成流域范围的生态环境边界, 形成了一种科学的区域生态环境分类方法。     

Segmentation-assisted classification for IKONOS imagery

A segmentation-based method is presented for classification of multispectral imagery from IKONOS satellite. Three different types of subimages pertaining to natural environment were used from IKONOS image to test the segmentation-based classification approach. Initially multispectral threshold values were obtained by global thresholding. Based on these threshold values, segments were grown in the image. The segmented image obtained by this step was further refined by merge score criteria. The refined segmented image obtained from above procedure was subjected to Gaussian maximum likelihood and minimum distance to means classifications. The classification results have shown that the proposed approach yielded statistically significant, different and better results than the conventional per-pixel classifiers.     

Parallelizing maximum likelihood classification on computer cluster and graphics processing unit for supervised image classification

ABSTRACT

Supervised image classification has been widely utilized in a variety of remote sensing applications. When large volume of satellite imagery data and aerial photos are increasingly available, high-performance image processing solutions are required to handle large scale of data. This paper introduces how maximum likelihood classification approach is parallelized for implementation on a computer cluster and a graphics processing unit to achieve high performance when processing big imagery data. The solution is scalable and satisfies the need of change detection, object identification, and exploratory analysis on large-scale high-resolution imagery data in remote sensing applications.     

A statistical significance of differences in classification accuracy of crop types using different classification algorithms

Crop classification is needed to understand the physiological and climatic requirement of different crops. Kernel-based support vector machines, maximum likelihood and normalised difference vegetation index classification schemes are attempted to evaluate their performances towards crop classification. The linear imaging self-scanning (LISS-IV) multi-spectral sensor data was evaluated for the classification of crop types such as barley, wheat, lentil, mustard, pigeon pea, linseed, corn, pea, sugarcane and other crops and non-crop such as water, sand, built up, fallow land, sparse vegetation and dense vegetation. To determine the spectral separability among crop types, the M-statistic and Jeffries–Matusita (J–M) distance methods have been utilised. The results were statistically analysed and compared using Z-test and χ²-test. Statistical analysis showed that the accuracy results using SVMs with polynomial of degrees 5 and 6 were not significantly different and found better than the other classification algorithms.     

一种建立在CPN基础上的分类方法在遥感影像分类中的应用研究

对偶神经网络利用了自组织映射近似函数的一种新的映射神经网络,其结构组合了Kohonen的自组织映射和Grossberg的外星(Outstar)结构,网络结构相对简单。本文以对偶神经网络分类方法原理为基础,研究了一种理想化的分类方法,并以MATLAB平台为基础对遥感影像进行分类处理,实验结果表明,其分类总精度为94.17%,分类精度较传统监督分类结果有所提高。     

TM classification using local spectral variability

A classification method which takes into account not only spectral but also spatial features for LANDSAT‐4 and 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data is proposed. In accordance with improvement of Instantaneous Field of View (IFOV), spatial information such as textural, contextual, etc. is also increased so that some treatments of such information is highly required. One of the simplest spatial features is local spectral variability such as standard deviation, variability constant, variance, etc. in small cells such as 2x2,3x3 pixels. Such information can be used together with conventional spectral features in an unified way, for the traditional classifier such as a pixel‐wise Maximum Likelihood Decision Rule (MLDR). From the experiments, there was a substantial improvement in overall classification accuracy for TM forestry data. The probability of correct classification (PCC) for the new clearcut and the alpine meadow classes increased by 7% to 97% correct. The confusion between alpine meadow and new clearcut was reduced from 9% to 3%.     

A fuzzy topology-based maximum likelihood classification

Classification is one of the most widely used remote sensing analysis techniques, with the maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method being a major tool for classifying pixels from an image. Fuzzy topology, in which the set concept is generalized from two values, {0, 1}, to the values of a continuous interval, [0, 1], is a generalization of ordinary topology and is used to solve many GIS problems, such as spatial information management and analysis. Fuzzy topology is induced by traditional thresholding and as such gives a decomposition of MLC classes.Presented in this paper is an image classification modification, by which induced threshold fuzzy topology is integrated into the MLC method (FTMLC). Hence, by using the induced threshold fuzzy topology, each image class in spectral space can be decomposed into three parts: an interior, a boundary and an exterior. The connection theory in induced fuzzy topology enables the boundary to be combined with the interior. That is, a new classification method is derived by integrating the induced fuzzy topology and the MLC method. As a result, fuzzy boundary pixels, which contain many misclassified and over-classified pixels, are able to be re-classified, providing improved classification accuracy. This classification is a significantly improved pixel classification method, and hence provides improved classification accuracy.     

基于车载激光扫描数据的目标分类方法

车裁扫描系统可以获取建筑物、道路、隧道等城市物体的表面信息,非常适用于城市物体三维空间信息的快速有效获取。本文从激光扫描数据中进行建筑物特征提取,重点是车载激光扫描数据分类;设计了一种新的车载激光扫描数据分类和建筑物特征提取方法,此方法充分利用激光扫描数据的空间分布特征和城市环境中各种物体自身的几何特征,将所有数据点投影到水平格网中,对每个格网单元,计算其中所有数据点投影前高度值的最大值,根据此最大值来判定该格网单元中数据点的类别,从分类后的数据中提取建筑物特征。应用所设计的数据处理方法处理车载式三维信息采集系统采集的数据,分析得到了结果。     

Genetic feature selection for texture classification

This paper presents a novel approach to feature subset selection using genetic algorithms. This approach has the ability to accommodate multiple criteria such as the accuracy and cost of classification into the process of feature selection and finds the effective feature subset for texture classification. On the basis of the effective feature subset selected, a method is described to extract the objects which are higher than their surroundings, such as trees or forest, in the color aerial images. The methodology presented in this paper is illustrated by its application to the problem of trees extraction from aerial images.