某平面不规则大底盘多塔楼隔震结构的抗震性能分析

对8度区某平面不规则大底盘多塔楼基础隔震结构进行了抗震性能分析。根据结构特点采用多串质点系计算模型,利用时程分析法计算对比了隔震结构和非隔震结构在多遇地震作用下的水平剪力,并验算了隔震结构在罕遇地震作用下的水平剪力、层间位移和位移角。分析表明,在水平地震作用下隔震结构相对非隔震结构表现出了良好的减震效果,罕遇地震作用下隔震结构各项指标均满足规范要求。     

软弱场地上考虑SSI效应的隔震结构水平向减震系数研究

依据建筑抗震设计规范反应谱曲线,同时考虑SSI效应对隔震结构及非隔震结构水平地震作用的影响,建立了软弱场地上考虑SSI效应的隔震结构水平向减震系数的简化算法。在此基础上给出了软弱场地上考虑SSI效应的隔震结构计算流程,深入研究了考虑SSI效应的隔震结构水平向减震系数在不同影响参数下的变化规律。通过参数研究发现:软弱场地条件下多层隔震结构考虑SSI效应的的水平向减震系数随波速参数、周期比和高宽比的增大而增大,相应的隔震效果越差;而软弱场地条件下高层隔震结构在达到一定的周期比时,考虑SSI效应的水平向减震系数随波速参数的增大而增大,但增幅较小,考虑SSI效应的水平向减震系数随高宽比的增大而减小。研究表明:软弱场地条件下隔震结构经过合理的设计,水平向减震系数可达到预期值,隔震结构能取得较理想的隔震效果。     

规则梁桥单墩-质点隔震体系地震时程响应半解析法

本文基于带集中参数边界条件的分布参数连续梁理论,推导规则隔震梁桥单墩-质点(SCM)地震时程响应的计算步骤.在控制方程边界条件引入等效基础弹簧和墩顶隔震层变形协调条件,解析地获得各阶实模态,用牛顿法搜索各阶频率.为了处理隔震层非比例阻尼产生的耦联效应,由能量法分配各阶实振型的隔震层附加阻尼比,实现体系的实模态近似解耦,应用振型叠加法求解体系的地震时程响应.最后应用该方法对一规则隔震梁桥SCM体系的地震响应进行分析,与有限元时程积分的结果进行比较,表明此方法的有效性.计算结果表明,采用墩顶隔震策略的单墩-质点体系能显著减小结构响应,具有良好的减震效果.     

新型三维隔震墩隔震单元参数设计研究

竖向地震作用对结构的影响不容忽视,如何有效的同时减小竖向与横向地震作用具有现实意义,三维隔震墩能够同时隔离水平及竖向地震作用,但其设计理论并不完善,如何确定合适的弹簧参数从而达到理想的水平与竖向隔震效果并不明确。本文推导了螺旋弹簧竖向刚度及考虑轴向荷载和水平荷载时弹簧的水平刚度公式,基于弹簧力学特性提出了隔震单元参数设计方法以及各参数取值范围。研究表明:弹簧自由长度与中径之比在[1.6 2.61]之间时弹簧不会发生失稳现象且弹簧水平刚度随竖向位移增大而减小;弹簧中径及自由高度越大、材料直径在满足强度的情况下隔震效果越好。本文对1栋8度设防的隔震结构进行隔震单元设计并进行时程分析,结果表明:竖向减震系数为0.6,水平减震系数小于0.4,隔震效果显著。     

砌体结构并联复合隔震建筑有限元分析

本文以某六层砌体橡胶隔震支座与摩擦滑移支座的并联复合隔震结构为例,运用有限元分析程序,对该建筑的一般抗震结构和并联复合隔震结构分别进行了地震作用下的有限元时程分析,结果显示:并联复合隔震结构能够降低上部结构的地震反应,提高建筑物的抗震能力,有明显的隔震、减震效果.     

底部两层框架基础隔震建筑非线性动力分析

实际震害表明,建筑物主要受水平地震作用影响。本文基于有限元理论,采用大型有限元分析软件SAP2000 Non linear建立了底部两层框架上部砌体非隔震结构和基础隔震结构的实体模型,并采用非线性时程分析法对此模型进行了两个水平向地震作用的分析。结果表明,底部两层框架上部砌体结构采用基础隔震技术后,结构的水平地震反应明显低于相应非隔震结构。尤其是刚度突变的转换层,隔震后水平地震反应降低很多。     

地震波参数对柱顶隔震体系的水平向减震性能影响研究

为了研究地震波参数对柱顶隔震体系的水平向减震性能的影响,选取台湾集集地震中8条地震波作为输入,进行了柱顶隔震体系模型的振动台试验。分析了柱顶隔震体系的水平向动力响应特点,研究了地震波的PGV/PGA、卓越周期、平均周期和断层距及幅值对其水平向减震性能的影响,并进行了数值模拟的对比分析。结果表明:柱顶隔震体系的水平向减震性能良好。相同地震强度下地震波参数的PGV/PGA、卓越周期、平均周期和断层距对柱顶隔震体系水平向减震性能的影响明显,其中:PGV/PGA的影响程度最大,可以作为主要的分析指标;随着地震动强度的增大柱顶隔震体系的水平向减震效果更加明显,地震动强度达到一定幅值后,减震率缓慢下降;与远场地震相比,近场地震不利于柱顶隔震体系的水平向减震性能的发挥,脉冲型近场地震作用下其减震效果更差。振动台试验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致,表明分析结果的可靠性。     

钢筋混凝土框架填充墙隔震建筑抗震性能影响因素分析

为探讨影响钢筋混凝土框架填充墙隔震建筑抗震性能的因素,以满布填充墙RC框架隔震结构为对象,基于Perform-3D软件,建立RC框架非隔震和隔震结构非线性分析模型,分析填充墙厚度、材料及砂浆强度等因素对隔震结构地震反应及减震控制效果的影响规律。结果表明:填充墙砂浆强度等级对隔震结构的影响不十分明显,而填充墙砌块材料和墙体厚度对隔震结构的影响十分显著。采用M7.5砂浆、24砖砌体填充墙对于减小隔震上部结构的地震反应、获得最优减震效果都很有利。此外,与传统隔震设计方法(纯框架、上部结构线性计算)得到的减震系数0.39相比,考虑上部结构非线性和填充墙的不同参数后,减震系数均有较大变化(0.45至0.67变化),说明现有隔震设计方法得到的减震系数偏小,按此设计上部结构会使其偏于不安全,隔震设计应考虑上部结构非线性和填充墙的影响。     

基础隔震结构在竖向荷载作用下的内力分布特点

以一个3跨4排柱建筑为例,对非隔震结构和隔震结构在竖向荷载作用下的内力分布特点进行了对比研究,其中考虑了隔震层顶部梁板结构的荷载、刚度以及结构的梁柱刚度比等因素的影响.研究中发现,与非隔震结构相比,隔震结构一层柱子的柱端弯矩明显增大,隔震层顶部梁的梁端弯矩与其倚载成正比等规律.同时提出了基于非隔震结构的隔震结构在竖向荷载作用下内力的计算方法和“隔震影响系数”的概念.即,隔震结构的内力等于非隔震结构的内力乘以“隔震影响系数”.其中还进一步对“隔震影响系数”的影响因素进行了定量研究,得出了“隔震影响系数”的计算公式.本文所提出的计算方法与隔震结构在水平地震荷载作用下的内力计算方法思路一致,因此,该方法也进一步完善了隔震结构的设计理论.     

矮塔斜拉桥的减震方案对比研究

针对位于高烈度地震区的刚构连续梁体系矮塔斜拉桥的受力特点,提出了分别采用粘滞液体阻尼器、Lock-up装置及摩擦型滑动支座3种减隔震方案,并采用非线性时程反应分析方法分析了3种方案的减震效果。结果表明:3种减隔震装置对矮塔斜拉桥均有明显的减震效果,粘滞阻尼器及Lock-up装置减震效果较好,滑动摩擦支座的减震效果次之。但从结构的正常使用及结构体系的地震响应分布规律来看,粘滞液体阻尼器的减震方案最优。     

高强度地震下带钢避难建筑抗震设计

为了提高带钢避难建筑的抗震性能,对高强度地震下带钢避难建筑实施抗震设计。设置高强度地震下带钢避难所的抗震设防要求,给出不同地震情况下地震避难所设防加速度值以及地震避难所地震影响系数最高值,通过SAP2000分析软件对带钢地震避难建筑结构实施动力弹塑性时程研究,选择合理的塑性铰参数值,通过在建筑周围设置钢支撑的策略对带钢避难建筑实施设计,分析高强度地震下的带钢避难建筑的抗震性能。实验结果说明,采用所提设计方法下的带钢避难建筑在大震情况下的反应优,延性较强,在不同地震波作用下的水平方向位移角满足抗震设防规范。     

Inelastic response of RC frame buildings with seismic isolation

A comprehensive parametric study on the inelastic seismic response of seismically isolated RC frame buildings, designed for gravity loads only, is presented. Four building prototypes, with 23 m × 10 m floor plan dimensions and number of storeys ranging from 2 to 8, are considered. All the buildings present internal resistant frames in one direction only, identified as the strong direction of the building. In the orthogonal weak direction, the buildings present outer resistant frames only, with infilled masonry panels. This structural configuration is typical of many existing RC buildings, realized in Italy and other European countries in the 60s and 70s. The parametric study is based on the results of extensive nonlinear response‐time history analyses of 2‐DOF systems, using a set of seven artificial and natural seismic ground motions. In the parametric study, buildings with strength ratio (F_y/W) ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 and post‐yield stiffness ratio ranging from 0% to 6% are examined. Three different types of isolation systems are considered, that is, high damping rubber bearings, lead rubber bearings and friction pendulum bearings. The isolation systems have been designed accepting the occurrence of plastic hinges in the superstructure during the design earthquake. The nonlinear response‐time history analyses results show that structures with seismic isolation experience fewer inelastic cycles compared with fixed‐base structures. As a consequence, although limited plastic deformations can be accepted, the collapse limit state of seismically isolated structures should be based on the lateral capacity of the superstructure without significant reliance on its inherent hysteretic damping or ductility capacity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隔震技术在高烈度区剪力墙结构中的应用研究

对于近断层处高烈度区高层剪力墙结构，传统设计难以解决墙体太厚、配筋太大等难题。为研究在考虑近断层影响下高烈度区剪力墙住宅采用隔震设计的技术可行性，采用隔震设计对某剪力墙结构工程进行全面分析。对比分析常规剪力墙结构方案及增设橡胶隔震支座的隔震方案，分析结果表明，隔震方案较常规方案前3阶结构自振周期延长约3倍，从而有效减小了上部结构的地震作用；在设防烈度地震作用下，结构水平向减震系数为0.281，上部结构所受水平地震作用和抗震措施可按降低一度进行设计；罕遇地震作用下隔震支座性能稳定，上部结构基本处于弹性工作状态。研究结论可为隔震支座设计和进一步研究提供参考。     

Shear building representations of seismically isolated buildings

Seismic isolation, with its capability of reducing floor accelerations and interstory drifts simultaneously, is recognized as an earthquake resistant design method that protects contents of a building along with the building itself. In research studies, superstructures of seismically isolated buildings are commonly modeled as idealized shear buildings. Shear building representation corresponds to an idealized structure where the beams are infinitely stiff in flexure and axially inextensible; columns are axially inextensible; and rigid floors are supported on these columns. Although it is more convenient to model and analyze a shear building, such an idealization may influence the seismic responses of seismically isolated buildings. This study presents a comparison of the seismic performances of seismically isolated buildings with superstructures modeled as shear buildings to those with full three dimensional superstructures. Both linear and nonlinear base isolation systems with different isolation periods and superstructures with different number of stories are considered.     

预应力混凝土圆形储煤筒仓地震反应分析

使用ANSYS软件对一大直径预应力混凝土圆形储煤筒仓结构建立了有限元模型,以储料质量沿高度分布不变为原则,采用施加质量单元的方法模拟储料的分布,通过对预应力混凝土筒仓进行地震作用下的受力、变形分析,研究了预应力混凝土筒仓结构的受力性能及整体抗震性能,同时分析了筒仓结构地震作用简化计算方法的可行性.分析结果表明,水平地震作用对筒仓预应力结构部分的环向力无显著影响,预应力筒仓结构具有良好的抗侧力性能;同时,在结构基本振型指数选取合理时,采用底部剪力法估算筒仓水平地震作用是可行的.所得结果可为同类筒仓结构的地震反应分析提供参考.     

Smart restorable sliding base isolation system

A modern base isolation system is proposed for the aseismic control of structures. It is composed of steel-Teflon Flat Sliding Bearings, to support the gravity loads while allowing large horizontal displacements, and simply connected Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) truss elements, to provide the necessary horizontal stiffness as well as a proper restoring capability. The system is referred to as Smart Restorable Sliding Base Isolation System (SRSBIS). Depending on the arrangement of the auxiliary SMA elements, SRSBIS can exhibit a geometric nonlinearity in addition to the nonlinearity of materials. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of SRSBIS are first examined in terms of the force-displacement behavior, effective period of vibration, and equivalent damping. After that, the earthquake response of buildings equipped with SRSBIS, designed in accordance with a direct displacement-based approach, is evaluated through extensive nonlinear time-history analyses. The effects of the design parameters on the system behavior are then investigated within a comprehensive parametric study and the seismic performances of SRSBIS are finally compared to those of similar practical isolation systems. Based on the results, it is shown that SRSBIS can be suitably used for the seismic protection of structures.     

Shake table testing of un‐reinforced brick masonry building test model isolated by U‐FREI

This paper presents a detailed study on feasibility of un‐bonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (U‐FREI) as an alternative to steel reinforced elastomeric isolator (SREI) for seismic isolation of un‐reinforced masonry buildings. Un‐reinforced masonry buildings are inherently vulnerable under seismic excitation, and U‐FREIs are used for seismic isolation of such buildings in the present study. Shake table testing of a base isolated two storey un‐reinforced masonry building model subjected to four prescribed input excitations is carried out to ascertain its effectiveness in controlling seismic response. To compare the performance of U‐FREI, same building is placed directly on the shake table without isolator, and fixed base (FB) condition is simulated by restraining the base of the building with the shake table. Dynamic response characteristic of base isolated (BI) masonry building subjected to different intensities of input earthquakes is compared with the response of the same building without base isolation system. Acceleration response amplification and peak response values of test model with and without base isolation system are compared for different intensities of table acceleration. Distribution of shear forces and moment along the height of the structure and response time histories indicates significant reduction of dynamic responses of the structure with U‐FREI system. This study clearly demonstrates the improved seismic performance of un‐reinforced masonry building model supported on U‐FREIs under the action of considered ground motions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stiffness‐damping simultaneous identification using limited earthquake records

A new method of stiffness‐damping simultaneous identification of building structures is proposed using limited earthquake records. It is shown that when horizontal accelerations are recorded at the floors just above and below a specific storey in a shear building model, the storey stiffness and the damping ratio can be identified uniquely. The viscous damping coefficient and the linear hysteretic damping ratio can also be identified simultaneously in a numerical model structure. The accuracy of the present identification method is investigated through the actual limited earthquake records in a base‐isolated building. It is further shown that an advanced identification technique for mechanical properties of a Maxwell‐type model can be developed by combining the present method with a perturbation technique. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

梯队式变刚度滞变-摩擦隔震体系的抗震设计方法

首先,在简述已有隔震体系抗震设计方法的基础上,分析了滞变一摩擦隔震体系各种因素对基底剪力的影响;然后,通过大量仿真分析,采用多项式回归的方法提出了与规范衔接的水平地震作用的计算公式;最后,提出了梯队式变刚度滞变一摩擦隔震体系的抗震设计方法,并通过工程实例验证了方法的有效性。