内蒙古毛登锡铜矿床地质及成因

内蒙古毛登锡铜矿床是大兴安岭南段的锡多金属矿床之一。该矿床是与阿鲁包格山花岗斑岩（Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄１４９×１０＾－６ａ），锶同位素初始比值为０．７０５）有关的具中等成矿深度和成矿温度的热液脉型锡铜矿床。矿床中主要产出锡矿体，它们分别以微脉、细脉和大脉的形式充填于自接触带向外的ＮＷ向断裂裂隙系统中。钾化（磁铁矿矿化）、云英岩化（锡石或辉钼矿矿化）和硅化（硫化物矿物）三个蚀变－矿化阶段流体的温度和     

大兴安岭南段热液脉状矿床的流体包裹体和稳定同位素特征:对矿床成因的启示

大兴安岭南段发育大井、双尖子山、布金黑、拜仁达坝、维拉斯托等多个具有典型后生特征的热液脉状铅锌银锡多金属矿床。为了查明上述矿床在成矿流体、成矿物质等方面的特征与差异,进而总结大兴安岭南段热液脉状矿床成矿作用特点,本次研究在野外地质调研的基础上,对上述矿床进行了流体包裹体、激光拉曼和氢氧硫同位素的研究,并取得了如下主要的认识:(1)双尖子山银多金属矿床成矿流体属简单盐水体系热液,维拉斯托和布金黑矿床成矿流体属富碳质盐水体系热液,而大井铜矿成矿流体则为含子矿物的不均匀盐水体系热液;(2)大井、布金黑、拜仁达坝和维拉斯托等矿床早期成矿流体均来自于岩浆热液,但布金黑、拜仁达坝和维拉斯托矿床成矿流体在运移过程中明显地受到了大气降水和地层中有机质的影响;(3)大兴安岭南段多数热液脉状多金属矿床矿石硫同位素δ34S值具有岩浆来源特点,个别矿床硫同位素δ34S值偏高可能是由复杂的岩浆源区性质及地层硫混入所引起。总的来说,大兴安岭南段不同热液脉状矿床在物质来源和流体演化方面的差异明显,而这也体现了该区中生代热液成矿作用的多样性和复杂性特点。     

中亚造山带东部岩浆热液矿床时空分布特征及其构造背景

中亚造山带东部是古亚洲洋构造域、鄂霍茨克洋构造域和古太平洋构造域复合叠加区域,矿产资源丰富。本文收集2000—2014年公开发表文献中岩浆热液矿床约1 200个同位素年龄数据,整理出201个较为可靠的年龄数据,通过数字化编图,揭示成矿的时空分布特征及形成背景。结果显示:中亚造山带东部成矿作用始于寒武纪,出现6个重要成矿期:510~473、373~330、320~253、250~210、210~167、155~100 Ma。510~473 Ma(峰值507 Ma),矿床主要分布在大兴安岭—小兴安岭—张广才岭和北山地区,零星发育热液脉型和斑岩型铁铜金钨矿床,与古亚洲洋开始俯冲及微陆块碰撞拼合有关。373~330 Ma(峰值372Ma),矿床主要分布在南蒙古奥尤陶勒盖地区,发育超大型斑岩型铜金矿床,形成于古亚洲洋俯冲环境。320~253 Ma,矿床主要分布在大兴安岭南段,发育少量斑岩型铜矿床和造山型金矿床;其中,298 Ma在大兴安岭南段首次出现以钼为主的斑岩型矿床,指示该区板块俯冲增生向拼贴转变逐渐过渡。250~210 Ma(峰值244 Ma),在蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带东侧额尔古纳—中蒙古地块主要形成斑岩型铜矿床,可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲有关;以东地区,主要在大兴安岭南段和辽远地块形成斑岩型钼矿床,在张广才岭发育岩浆熔离型铜镍矿床,反映了古亚洲洋闭合后伸展环境。210~167 Ma(峰值170 Ma),在蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带西侧乌兰巴托西北部发育造山型-斑岩型金矿床,其东侧额尔古纳地区形成斑岩型铜钼矿床,可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲碰撞有关;在吉黑东部—张广才岭—小兴安岭—大兴安岭,发育斑岩型钼铜矿床和矽卡岩型铅锌钨金矿床组合,可能属于古太平洋板块向西俯冲成矿体系。155~100 Ma(峰值136 Ma),中亚造山带东部整体处于伸展环境;其中,155~120 Ma在额尔古纳地区主要发育浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿床和造山型金矿床,大兴安岭北段发育斑岩型钼矿床,可能反映了额尔古纳地区和大兴安岭北段受蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋碰撞后伸展环境控制,而在吉黑东部形成浅成低温热液型金矿床,大兴安岭南段发育热液脉型-矽卡岩型锡矿床,可能受古太平洋板块向北俯冲弧后伸展的控制;120~100 Ma沿着华北克拉通和佳蒙陆块边缘发育浅成低温热液型-斑岩型金钼矿床。本研究综合岩浆热液矿床时空分布和矿床类型,进一步揭示了古亚洲洋构造域控制中亚造山带东部古生代成矿作用持续到晚二叠世(到早三叠世),并在晚三叠世叠加古太平洋构造域成矿体系,而额尔古纳—中蒙古地块成矿作用在三叠纪开始主要受蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋构造域限定,并持续到早白垩世早期。     

内蒙古大井矿床之找矿新类型探索

内蒙古大井矿床是大兴安岭南段重要的锡多金属矿床.与区域上众多锡多金属矿床不同,如黄岗夕卡岩型铁锡矿、毛登斑岩型锡矿、敖脑达巴斑岩型锡铜矿等均产于岩体内外接触带,大井矿床为一与岩浆作用有关的热液脉状矿床.     

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托锡多金属矿床LA-ICP-MS锡石和锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段西坡的内蒙古克什克腾旗,是近年来发现的一个以锡为主,共伴生钨、锌、铜、钼、铷、铌和钽的大型矿床。矿化类型包括深部以锡为主,伴生锌、铷、铌和钽的蚀变花岗岩型矿体;中部以锡为主,伴生铜和锌的隐爆角砾岩型矿体及浅部锡、钨、锌、铜和钼的石英大脉型和网脉型矿体。该矿床的主要工业矿体为石英脉型,呈北北东向产于古元古界宝音图群和华力西期石英闪长岩中的断裂破碎带内,而蚀变花岗岩型和隐爆角砾岩型矿石的品位较低。文中选取1件石英脉型锡矿体中的锡石样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb定年,获得锡石的206Pb/207Pb238U/207Pb等时线年龄为(136.0±6.1) Ma(MSWD=0.94),207Pb/206Pb238U/206Pb谐和年龄为(132.3±5.4) Ma(MSWD=2.8),表明维拉斯托锡多金属矿床形成于早白垩世;选取1件与成矿相关的北大山岩体花岗岩样品开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得206Pb/238U年龄为(140±2) Ma(MSWD=0.10),表明成矿岩体亦形成于早白垩世。维拉斯托锡多金属矿床属于与花岗岩有关的岩浆热液型矿床。通过统计大兴安岭南段主要锡多金属矿床的成矿年龄和成矿岩体的年龄,发现几乎所有的锡多金属矿床均形成于140～135 Ma期间,表明早白垩世是大兴安岭南段锡多金属矿床成矿高峰期。     

大兴安岭南段多金属矿成矿作用和找矿潜力

大兴安岭南段多金属成矿带位于中亚造山带东部贺根山断裂与西拉沐伦河断裂之间,处于古亚洲洋构造与古太平洋构造的叠加部位。具有双层结构特征(基底以二叠纪地层为主,盖层为侏罗纪早白垩世地层),发育了多期的构造、岩浆活动,以及众多的多金属矿床。区内矿床以多成矿元素共生、伴生为特点,按成矿作用特征划分为4个成矿系统(斑岩、矽卡岩、热液脉状、碱性花岗岩成矿系统)。斑岩成矿系统包括斑岩钼多金属、锡多金属2个亚成矿系统,矽卡岩成矿系统包括矽卡岩型铁锡、铅锌银2个亚成矿系统,热液脉状成矿系统包括银多金属、铜多金属、锡多金属3个亚成矿系统,碱性花岗岩成矿系统为稀有稀土成矿系统。大兴安岭南段多金属矿床形成于2个主要时期:晚二叠—世三叠纪、晚侏罗世—早白垩世。两期成矿作用均与花岗质岩浆活动密切相关,成矿物质来源既包括深部岩浆带来的物质,也包括区内地层,具有多来源特点。晚二叠—世三叠纪多金属矿床形成于古亚洲洋构造体系,晚侏罗世—早白垩世多金属矿床形成于古太平洋构造体系。优越的成矿地质条件及良好的地球物理与地球化学异常表明大兴安岭南段仍具有巨大的找矿潜力。     

大兴安岭地区铜钼矿床成矿区带背景及找矿前景分析

本文根据区域构造背景和已知铜钼矿床的分布规律,将大兴安岭地区划分为西拉木伦河钼多金属、大兴安岭南段铜钼、大兴安岭北段铜钼和额尔古纳铜钼4个成矿带.归纳了研究区铜钼矿床的成因类型,主要有斑岩型、热液脉型、矽卡岩型等,并就各成因类型进行了典型矿床的举例.对研究区铜钼矿床的时空分布特征进行了总结,并按照典型矿床形成时间的先后...     

内蒙古翁牛特旗硐子铅锌矿构造控矿特征与找矿标志

硐子铅锌矿床位于华北板块北缘成矿带与大兴安岭南段成矿带的叠置区。矿床主要受近东西向断裂控制,属于中低温热液脉型矿床。主控矿断裂F1-1成矿前表现为压性特征,成矿期表现为左行张扭特征,在断裂带产状变陡、走向偏北地段含矿性较好。与矿脉空间分布关系密切的燕山早期花岗斑岩为成矿提供了热动力和含矿热液。矿石中方铅矿、黄铁矿单矿物δ34SCDT值为-4.8×10-3~1.4×10-3,接近陨石值,表明硫主要来源于岩浆,铅锌含量高的围岩安山岩、燕山早期闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩可能提供了主要的成矿物质。根据矿物组合空间变化特点推测含矿热液在矿区内自西部深层向东部浅层运移。花岗斑岩体、地表及浅部蜂窝状硅质破碎带、铁锰帽可作为本区找矿的直接标志。     

内蒙古花敖包特铅锌银多金属矿床成因探讨:流体包裹体及硫、铅、氢、氧同位素证据

内蒙古花敖包特铅锌银多金属热液型脉状矿床位于大兴安岭成矿带中南段。结合其蚀变矿化特征,依据矿石矿物与脉石矿物的生成顺序,矿化阶段可划分为自形石英-黄铁矿阶段、闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段及他形黄铁矿-毒砂阶段。流体包裹体研究表明:该矿床的成矿流体具有中—低温(146.7~274.3℃)、低盐度(w(NaCl)为0.54%~8.52%)及低密度(0.790~0.943g/cm3)的特点;流体成矿压力及成矿深度估算结果表明,该矿床形成于中深—浅成的环境。矿石中金属硫化物的硫、铅同位素分析结果显示,该矿床的成矿物质来源具有壳幔混合来源的特征。成矿流体氢、氧同位素组成:δ18 OSMOW为-11.78‰~-6.01‰,δD为-110.90‰~-70.30‰,表明该矿床的成矿流体主要由岩浆水与下渗的大气降水混合组成。结合区域地质特征及构造演化,认为该矿床是在大兴安岭南段中生代伸展造山构造背景下形成的受深断裂、早白垩世构造岩浆活动及寿山沟组多重地质因素控制的中—低温热液型脉状铅锌银多金属矿床。     

内蒙古大井锡多金属矿床碳氧同位素组成及其意义

内蒙古自治区林西县大井矿床是大兴安岭南段的一个大型Sn-Cu-Ag-Zn-Pb矿床,燕山期火山侵入岩广泛出露,因此认为该为矿床与燕山期岩浆活动有关的热液矿床.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.