新型钢筋混凝土摩擦阻尼器的研究

提出了一种新型钢筋混凝土摩擦阻尼器的构造和工作原理。在实验室建立了一个两层复合隔震的钢框架模型,该模型采用了新型钢筋混凝土摩擦阻尼器和隔震墩并联作为隔震层。通过对多种工况下的钢框架模型进行振动台激振试验,分析对比试验数据,研究该新型钢筋混凝土摩擦阻尼器-隔震墩并联复合隔震层在不同预紧力和不同加速度幅值输入时的动力特性及减震效果。本试验结果表明,新型钢筋混凝土摩擦阻尼器具有优秀的耗能减震性能。新型钢筋混凝土摩擦阻尼器-隔震墩并联复合隔震技术是一种减震效果明显,廉价实用,极具前景的新型隔震技术。     

粘滞阻尼器在高墩连续梁桥抗震设计中的应用

以大理州鸡足山旅游公路宝丰寺大桥为工程背景,基于桥梁地震动方程建立了空间非线性有限元模型,研究粘滞阻尼器参数及其设置位置对山区高墩连续梁桥减震效果的影响,并同其他减震措施进行了比较,以分析进行高墩连续梁桥减震设计的合理方法.计算结果表明,粘滞阻尼器在高墩连续梁桥的抗震设计中具有优越的性能,对结构的位移控制以及内力的耗散作用非常明显,而铅芯橡胶支座由于附加刚度的影响造成边矮墩内力过于集中,在减震性能上不及粘滞阻尼器;粘滞阻尼器的安装位置对结构减震性能具有较大的影响,设计时须充分考虑,以确保结构的减震性能和工程的经济性.     

设置粘滞阻尼器的钢框架防连续性倒塌分析

为了研究设置有粘滞阻尼器的减震钢框架结构的防连续倒塌性能,对设置阻尼器的减震钢框架和未设置阻尼器的原钢框架分别进行了地震弹塑性时程分析,比较了两种情况下的层间位移角.分析结果表明,地震作用下,与原结构相比减震结构的层间位移角最大降低了64.3％.接着采用瞬时加载法对底层各柱失效时的减震钢框架和不设置阻尼器的原钢框架分别进行了动力倒塌分析,比较了减震结构和原结构防连续倒塌的能力,分析结果表明,底层柱失效时,减震结构各柱端点处位移均比原结构降低,最大处降低了63.5％.因此减震结构的阻尼器对结构防连续倒塌能起到较大的作用.     

面向可恢复能力和性价比的结构减震阻尼器类型择优

现有的减震结构减震率和阻尼器性能评价方法限于评价指标不够丰富且未考虑主余震及结构可恢复能力等因素具有较大的局限性。通过构建"主震-余震-余震"的时程序列反映主余震效应,使用结构能量损伤指数和多种减震率评价指标量化阻尼器性能,基于考虑主余震效应、时间成本和经济投入的修复定额提出可恢复能力计算方法。在此基础上提出减震结构阻尼器性价比评价方法,并实现黏滞阻尼器、防屈曲支撑和金属阻尼器等不同阻尼器类型的对比和择优。通过算例对以上指标和方法进行验证,结果表明:考虑结构可恢复性并对减震结构损伤构件进行修复的工况能够充分发挥阻尼器性能,性价比远高于仅考虑主震的结构;在给定目标减震率下,虽然黏滞阻尼器的减振率优于防屈曲支撑和金属阻尼器,但3种阻尼器综合性价比排序为:金属阻尼器、防屈曲支撑和黏滞阻尼器,按性价比选择阻尼器更全面客观。     

被动及半主动摩擦阻尼器对合肥翡翠电视塔地震反应的控制

摩擦阻尼器是一种构造简单的耗能减振装置,已应用于国内外多座新建建筑的抗震设计和已建建筑的抗震加固．半主动磨擦阻尼器则通过调整阻尼器的起滑力来改善被动摩擦阻尼器的耗能减振性能。本文研究了被动及半主动摩擦阻尼器对于高耸塔架结构地震反应的减振效果。为满足摩擦阻尼器对高耸塔架结构风振控制的特殊需要,本文建立了合肥电视塔的空间桁架有限元模型和串联多自由度体系模型,并在形成控制力变换矩阵和计算摩擦阻尼器两端的相对位移的过程中综合地运用了这两种力学模型。在半主动摩擦阻尼器的控制策略方面,本文提出了一种基于次优控制理论的半主动控制策略．本文研究表明,摩擦阻尼器可以抑制高耸塔架结构的地震反应．而半主动摩擦阻尼辞的耗能减振效果明显优于被动摩擦阻尼器．     

带刚性伸臂减震层高层结构抗震效果分析

带刚性伸臂减震层高层结构的抗震性能较好,但其相关研究却比较少。本文通过推导黏滞阻尼器的单周简谐振动耗能能力公式,得到黏滞阻尼器在高层建筑中合适的参数设置范围。假定总阻尼系数和单个阻尼器的其他参数不变,比较设置1~4道刚性伸臂减震层时结构的性能差异,可知多道减震层结构单个指标虽不是最好,但综合性能更好。假定单个阻尼器其他参数不变时,通过变化结构总阻尼系数,得知带刚性伸臂减震层高层结构附设阻尼器存在最优总阻尼系数(即最优附加阻尼比),通过对相应内力和位移规律的总结,得到结构合理总阻尼系数的选取规则。由此可知,附加阻尼比大小而非减震层数量才是决定此类减震结构抗震性能的关键。     

矮塔斜拉桥的减震方案对比研究

针对位于高烈度地震区的刚构连续梁体系矮塔斜拉桥的受力特点,提出了分别采用粘滞液体阻尼器、Lock-up装置及摩擦型滑动支座3种减隔震方案,并采用非线性时程反应分析方法分析了3种方案的减震效果。结果表明:3种减隔震装置对矮塔斜拉桥均有明显的减震效果,粘滞阻尼器及Lock-up装置减震效果较好,滑动摩擦支座的减震效果次之。但从结构的正常使用及结构体系的地震响应分布规律来看,粘滞液体阻尼器的减震方案最优。     

增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构抗震性能试验研究

提出一种组合型减震结构,由钢框架、节点阻尼器和原结构连接组成,外附钢框架将节点阻尼器连接在原混凝土框架结构上形成的增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构,节点阻尼器的剪切滞回变形可以减小结构自身需要消耗的能量,从而提高原结构抗震性能。对原混凝土结构和增设节点阻尼器的组合型结构进行了的振动台试验。通过分析结构在不同地震波激励下的加速度和位移响应,得出楼层加速度和层位移的减震效果。研究结果表明:该结构体系在小震作用下通过提高结构刚度来增强其抗震性能;在大震作用下则可借助节点阻尼器的变形耗能来提升结构耗能能力,结构加速度减震系数达到53%,层间位移减震系数高达72%,验证了增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构的减震效果。     

被动及半主动摩擦阻尼器对合肥悲翠电视塔地震反应的 …

摩擦阻尼器是一种构造的耗能减振装置,已应用于国内外多座新建建筑的抗震设计和已建建筑的抗震加固。半主动摩擦阻尼器则通过调整阻尼器的起滑力来改善被动摩擦阻尼器的耗能减振性能。本文研究了被动及半主动摩擦阻尼器对于高耸塔架结构地震反应的减振效果。为满足摩擦阻尼器对高耸塔架结构风振控制的特殊需要,本文建立了合肥电视塔的空间桁架有限元模型和串联多自由度体系模型,并在形成控制力变换矩阵和计算摩擦阻尼器两端的相对     

设置铅阻尼器的某常规岛主厂房耗能减震分析

铅阻尼器是一种滞回性能稳定、构造简单和受环境影响较小的耗能减震装置。为了研究铅阻尼器在常规岛主厂房中的耗能减震效果,本文采用非线性分析软件ABAQUS对设置铅阻尼器的某常规岛主厂房结构进行了罕遇地震作用下的有限元分析,对比不同地震波作用下的结构弹塑性分析结果。结果表明:设置铅阻尼器以后,结构的抗震性能显著提高,研究为铅阻尼器在常规岛主厂房结构中的应用提供了成功的工程案例,其设计思路可以为常规岛主厂房结构的减震提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

一种新型金属变摩擦耗能器的研发与应用

基于被动控制理论,提出一种新型的金属变摩擦耗能阻尼器。通过改变金属摩擦面的摩擦面积,使摩擦系数具有随位移改变而变化的特性。在金属摩擦学理论的基础上,建立了金属变摩擦耗能器的阻尼力计算模型与产品的开发。理论计算与实验数据表明：新型金属变摩擦耗能器的减震性能显著优于常规阻尼器,避免了传统阻尼装置（如油阻尼器）存在的造价高、维护复杂、易漏油的问题;克服了常规摩擦耗能器不能在不同大小荷载作用下保持同样控制效果的缺点,能做到抗震耗能器在不同荷载下保持很好的抗震效果,真正做到＂小震小位移少耗能,大震大位移多耗能＂的智能控制。     

An alternative practical design method for structures with viscoelastic dampers

Viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) are one of the most common passive control devices used in new and retrofit building projects which reduce the structure responses and dissipate seismic energy during an earthquake. Various methods to design this kind of dampers have been proposed based on the desired level of additional damping, eigenvalue assignment, modal strain energy, linear quadratic regulator control theories, and other approaches. In the current engineering practice, the popular method is the one based on the modal strain energy that uses the inter-story lateral stiffness as one of the main variables for damper design. However, depending on the configuration of the structure, in some cases the resulting interstory lateral stiffness can be very large. Consequently, the dampers size would also be large producing much more damping than that effectively necessary, resulting in an increase of the overall cost of the supplemental damping system and causing excessive stress on the structural elements connected to the dampers. In this paper an alternative practical design method for structures with VEDs is proposed. This method uses the inter-story shear forces as one of the main variables to accomplish the damper design compared to what was done in previous studies. Nonlinear time-history analyses were conducted on a 7-story reinforced concrete (RC) structure to check the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Comparisons on the seismic performance between the structure without dampers and that equipped with VEDs were carried out. It is concluded that the proposed method results in a very suitable size of dampers, which are able to improve the performance of the structure at all levels of earthquake ground motions and satisfying the drift requirement prescribed in the codes.     

摩擦耗能器的类型与性能及其在实际工程中的应用

摩擦耗能器是一种构造简单、耗能机理明确、耗能能力大且性能稳定的耗能减震装置,在实际工程中已得到较为广泛的应用.主要介绍不同类型摩擦耗能器的构造与性能及其在实际工程中的应用,并提出了摩擦耗能器在开发与应用中需进一步研究解决的问题.     

Analytical predictions of the seismic response of friction damped timber shear walls

A new concept for the earthquake resistant design of timber shear wall structures is proposed. By providing friction devices in the corners of the framing system of the shear wall, its earthquake resistance and damage control potential can be enhanced considerably. During severe earthquake excitations, the friction devices slip and a large portion of the seismic energy input is dissipated by friction rather than by inelastic deformation of the sheathing-to-framing connectors. A simple numerical model is developed and results of inelastic time-history dynamic analyses show the superior performance of the friction damped timber shear walls compared to conventional shear wall systems. The proposed friction devices act both as safety valves by limiting the inertia forces transmitted to the structure, and as structural dampers by dissipating a significant portion of the seismic energy input. The devices can be used in any configuration of the framing system to accommodate architectural or construction requirements. The damping system may also be conveniently incorporated in existing timber shear wall buildings to upgrade significantly their earthquake resistance.     

考虑阻尼器极限状态的耗能减震体系 斜拉桥抗震性能分析

在大震或特大震下,黏滞阻尼器可能因某个极限状态的出现而发生破坏。现有在斜拉桥上设置黏滞阻尼器的研究多集中在阻尼器的参数优化上,很少考虑到阻尼器失效对斜拉桥抗震性能的影响。针对这一问题,以某三塔斜拉桥为背景,利用OpenSees平台建立斜拉桥有限元模型和可以考虑承载力及行程极限的黏滞阻尼器模型;分析黏滞阻尼器的阻尼系数和阻尼指数对斜拉桥地震响应的影响,确定阻尼器参数的取值;对不安装阻尼器、安装不考虑极限状态及考虑极限状态阻尼器等多种工况的斜拉桥进行非线性时程分析,对比各工况斜拉桥的地震响应。分析结果表明,在大震下,考虑极限状态阻尼器的耗能能力及减震效果将显著降低;不考虑阻尼器达到极限状态后失效的情况将高估耗能减震设计斜拉桥的抗震能力。     

The role of viscoelastic damping on retrofitting seismic performance of asymmetric reinforced concrete structures

The primary purpose of this research is to improve the seismic response of a complex asymmetric tall structure using viscoelastic(VE) dampers. Asymmetric structures have detrimental effects on the seismic performance because such structures create abrupt changes in the stiffness or strength that may lead to undesirable stress concentrations at weak locations. Structural control devices are one of the effective ways to reduce seismic impacts, particularly in asymmetric structures. For passive vibration control of structures, VE dampers are considered among the most preferred devices for energy dissipation. Therefore, in this research, VE dampers are implemented at strategic locations in a realistic case study structure to increase the level of distributed damping without occupying significant architectural space and reducing earthquake vibrations in terms of story displacements(drifts) and other design forces. It has been concluded that the seismic response of the considered structure retrofitted with supplemental VE dampers corresponded well in controlling the displacement demands. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that seismic response in terms of interstory drifts was effectively mitigated with supplemental damping when added up to a certain level. Exceeding the supplemental damping from this level did not contribute to additional mitigation of the seismic response of the considered structure. In addition, it was found that the supplemental damping increased the total acceleration of the considered structure at all floor levels, which indicates that for irregular tall structures of this type, VE dampers were only a good retrofitting measure for earthquake induced interstory deformations and their use may not be suitable for acceleration sensitive structures. Overall, the research findings demonstrate how seismic hazards to these types of structures can be reduced by introducing additional damping into the structure.     

SMA复合摩擦阻尼器性能的试验研究

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的超弹性效应及高阻尼性能,结合传统Pall摩擦型阻尼器的特点,提出了一种SMA复合摩擦阻尼器。在建立阻尼器力学分析模型的基础上,对SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的性能进行了试验研究,分析了位移幅值、加载频率等对阻尼器的等效刚度、单位循环耗能和等效阻尼比的影响,并与理论分析结果进行了对比。研究表明,SMA复合摩擦阻尼器在加卸载循环下会形成比较稳定的滞回曲线,表明这种阻尼器具有良好的耗能能力。     

Active viscous damping system for control of MDOF structures

The development and applications of a supplemental viscous damping device with active capacity are described. The system of the dampers defined as active viscous damping system (AVDS) is presented herein. Structural control principles defined here as active control theory (ACT) are used to obtain the control forces at each time step during an excitation. Control of the damping forces is possible due to a mechanical structure of the proposed AVDS and do not require the input of large power and energy. This system can be efficiently used to enhance the damping of a structure without adding in stiffness and strength. The added damping forces can be adjusted in a wide range. Its efficiency is demonstrated by a numerical simulation of a seven‐storey building subjected to earthquakes. The simulation shows that the behaviour of the damped structure with the AVDS is significantly improved compared to that of an uncontrolled system. Moreover, the response is better than that of adding either passive viscous dampers or electrorheological damping devices. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Studies on seismic reduction of story‐incresed buildings with friction layer and energy‐dissipated devices

A new type of energy‐dissipated structural system for existing buildings with story‐increased frames is presented and investigated in this paper. In this system the sliding‐friction layer between the lowest increased floor of the outer frame structure and the roof of the original building is applied, and energy‐dissipated dampers are used for the connections between the columns of the outer frame and each floor of the original building. A shaking table test is performed on the model of the system and the simplified structural model of this system is given. The theory of the non‐classical damping approach is introduced to the calculation analyses and compared with test results. The results show that friction and energy‐dissipated devices are very effective in reducing the seismic response and dissipating the input energy of the model structure. Finally, the design scheme and dynamic time‐history analyses of an existing engineering project are investigated to illustrate the application and advantages of the given method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.