新疆西准噶尔地区两类蛇绿岩的地质特征及其成因研究

本文将西准噶尔地区蛇绿岩分为两类:一类是变质橄榄岩 橄长岩 辉长岩岩石组合(简称PTG系列);另一类则是变质橄榄岩 辉石岩 辉长岩岩石组合(简称PPG系列)。前者以达拉布特、和布克赛尔蛇绿岩带为代表,后者以唐巴勒、玛依勒山蛇绿岩带为代表。PTG系列遵循富Al的演化趋势,而PPG系列则遵循富Ca的演化趋势;从而造成两类蛇绿岩之间在岩石组合、矿物学、岩石化学、稀土元素等地球化学以及所含铬铁矿床的种属上均有明显的差异。 两类蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的成因机制是上地幔岩部分熔融,两者之间的差异则是由部分熔融程度决定的。而壳层岩石(指堆积杂岩、岩墙杂岩、熔岩)则是由岩浆结晶作用形成的;堆积杂岩中出现辉石岩 辉长岩和橄长岩 辉长岩的不同岩石组合则与堆积岩岩浆房出露的深度和氧化状态有关。     

“三江”哀牢山带蛇绿岩特征研究

哀牢山带蛇绿岩由变质橄榄岩、堆晶杂岩和基性熔岩组成。其中二辉橄榄岩近似原始地幔岩,方辉橄榄岩为残留地幔岩。辉长岩－辉绿岩－辉石玄武岩系列及辉石岩－辉长闪长岩－钠长玄武岩－苦橄玄武岩系列分别为原始二辉橄榄岩经部分熔融产生的拉斑玄武岩浆及苦橄玄武岩浆结晶或结晶分异演化而成;前者具有洋脊玄武岩特征,后者具有准洋脊玄武岩特征,它们形成于大洋中脊环境。其形成时代不晚于早石炭世（Ｃ１）,侵位在晚三叠世一碗水组（Ｔ３ｙ）之前。     

新疆西准噶尔地区两类蛇绿岩中橄榄岩的矿物学研究

两类蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的矿物表现出的共同特征是:从二辉橄榄岩→斜辉橄榄岩→斜辉辉橄岩→纯橄岩→铬铁矿石,其橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石的Mg/(Mg+Fe)(矿物牌号)依次升高,表现出富Mg贫Fe的演化趋势;铬尖晶石的Cr/(Cr+Al)亦同时升高,表现为富Cr贫Al的演化特征。 变质橄榄岩中的矿物均是原始上地幔岩部分熔融的残余物。在部分熔融过程中,橄榄石与铬尖晶石是生成相矿物,而斜方与单斜辉石则是消失相矿物,正是通过两种辉石的不断消失,岩石才从二辉橄榄岩依次转化为纯橄岩,并造成纯橄岩与铬铁矿的紧密伴生。在此过程中,矿物成分时刻都在变化,造岩矿物向富Mg贫Fe,金属矿物向富Cr贫Al方向调整,这与实际测定结果是一致的。     

对富铝型豆荚状铬铁矿矿床成因的新认识一一以新疆萨尔托海铬铁矿矿床为例

萨尔托海铬铁矿矿床产于萨尔托海蛇绿岩块的地幔橄榄岩中,属于富铝型豆荚状铬铁矿床。该矿床与一套橄长岩和辉长岩类岩石紧密伴生,矿体周围常被一薄的绿泥石壳所包裹。本区铬铁矿的形成包括两个阶段:第一阶段是原始地幔岩经高度熔融形成富铬铬铁矿;第二阶段形成富铝铬铁矿。交代作用伴随着新生单斜辉石和斜长石的形成。原始地幔岩的高度熔融以及基性熔体在地幔橄榄岩中的形成和存在是萨尔托海铬铁矿形成的先决条件。     

玉石沟铬铁矿床的成因

玉石沟铬铁矿床产于北祁连蛇绿岩型超镁铁岩中，可分为产于堆积超镁铁岩中的堆积铬铁矿床和产于地幔橄榄岩中的豆荚状铬铁矿床两种类型。堆积铬铁矿床由玄武岩浆分离结晶作用形成，位于辉长岩下约２０ｍ处的纯橄岩或辉石岩中；豆荚状铬铁矿床由地幔岩部分熔融作用形成，产于地幔橄榄岩上部或顶部基性程度最高的纯橄岩或纯橄岩－斜辉辉橄岩杂岩带，位于堆积杂岩下约２００～１７００ｍ范围内。     

青藏高原北部东昆仑南缘德尔尼蛇绿岩： 一个被肢解了的古特提斯洋壳

青藏高原北部东昆仑德尔尼蛇绿岩由变质橄榄岩、基性超基性堆晶岩、辉绿岩墙群和基性喷出岩组成。变质橄榄岩主要为纯橄岩、方辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、含长二辉橄榄岩和含石榴石二辉橄榄岩,岩石中残余尖晶石的Cr’值(=100×Cr/(Cr+Al))为30～57,Mg’值(=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe2+))为50～75,指示一个富Al和Mg成分系列。变质橄榄岩有一个相对窄的成分,其Mg’值为89.1～91.3,Al2O3含量1%～4%,REE轻度亏损,表明其为经历了中、低程度部分熔融的残余地幔物质。含石榴石二辉橄榄岩中的石榴石为钙铁榴石,富Ca和Fe,贫Mg和Al(And95%～97%,Pyr0.27%～5.06%,Gro0～2.62%),为变质成因。堆晶岩包括纯橄岩、异剥橄榄岩、(石榴石)辉石岩和辉长岩。堆晶纯橄岩与层状杂岩伴生,偶含少量斜长石。异剥橄榄岩由橄榄石、透辉石和少量斜长石组成。层状辉长岩-辉石岩杂岩由透辉石和斜长石组成,两种矿物交替形成层状堆积层理。石榴石辉石岩或异剥钙榴岩呈团块状产于变质橄榄岩中,其中的石榴石为钙铝榴石(Gro69.19%～89.93%;And9.12%～18.84%;Br0.73%～11.63%),也属变质成因。辉绿岩墙显示LREE亏损,(La/Sm)N=0.5～0.8,HREE呈近平坦型分布,Eu正异常(δEu1.2～1.6)。玄武岩的REE模式与MORB类似,(La/Sm)N=0.5～0.9,显示不同程度的Eu负异常。熔     

西昆仑库地蛇绿岩铬铁矿中铬尖晶石化学特征及其地质意义

库地蛇绿岩属于西昆仑早古生代蛇绿岩带,主要由变质橄榄岩、堆晶橄榄岩、基性火山岩和石英岩等组成。库地蛇绿岩体具有较好的岩相分带,其中纯橄岩相与辉橄岩相中产出豆荚状铬铁矿。与其他岩相对比,铬铁矿具有最高的Cr2O3含量、最大的Mg#值和最小的Fe#值,表明铬铁矿形成于富Mg的环境,且经历了更高程度的部分熔融。利用铬铁矿(铬尖晶石)矿物的化学成分,得出铬尖晶石的结晶温度为1366～1404℃,平均1379℃;压力为2.98～3.03GPa,平均3.00GPa;地幔部分熔融程度F为17.33%～18.84%,平均18.28%。结合已有的研究成果,推测库地蛇绿岩的基底橄榄岩单元源区为石榴石二辉橄榄岩,形成于亏损的软流圈地幔,对应的大地构造位置为消减带之上岛弧环境。     

超基性岩体中橄长岩-异剥辉长岩分异脉岩与铬铁矿的成因联系

1958年袁棨林在我国北部一地槽区曾注意到有两类超基性岩体。第Ⅰ类有橄长岩-异剥辉长岩分异脉岩(以下简称分异脉岩)的岩体,其造矿铬尖晶石为较富铝的富铬尖晶石亚种和富铁富铬尖晶石亚种,组成低品位冶金级矿石;第Ⅱ类为无分异脉岩的岩体,其中合富铬贫铝的铬铁矿亚种和富铁铬铁矿亚种,组成高品位冶金级矿石。它们虽然都是镁质超基性岩,同样是以斜辉辉撖岩为主的纯橄榄岩-辉橄岩杂岩体,而且都显示了较强的动力分异作用,只是由于出现或不出现与晚期岩浆铬铁矿有成因关系的分异脉岩,而使造矿铬失晶石成分有明显地不同。     

东天山路北与黄山镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体对比

正路北与黄山镁铁质—超镁铁质杂岩体分别受北东向康古尔韧性剪切带和北东东黄山—镜儿泉韧性剪切带控制;二者岩石组成差异较大,路北杂岩主要由橄榄岩—辉橄岩—橄辉岩—辉石岩—辉长岩组成,黄山杂岩主要由斜长角闪橄榄岩—角闪二辉橄榄岩—角闪二辉方辉橄榄岩—辉石岩—辉长岩—角闪辉长岩等组成。路北和黄山杂岩主量元素化学组成属钙碱性-拉斑玄武系列。微量元素地球化学特征显示二者富集大离子亲石元素(Sr),高场强元素     

造山带环境中的东疆型镁铁—超镁铁杂岩

新疆东部黄山－镜儿泉一带产有大－中型铜镍矿床的镁铁－超镁铁岩体是中石炭统弧后盆地引张环境下的热侵位产物，主要岩石类型有橄榄岩、辉橄岩、橄辉岩、二辉岩、辉长苏长岩、苏长辉长岩、辉长岩、橄长岩、辉长岩和闪长岩等；其超镁铁岩相对富铁．不具变质组构，并具橄榄石＋斜方辉石＋单斜辉石＋角闪石±斜长石矿物组合；岩石化学以富硅、贫碱、贫铝、贫钙为特征，并具拉斑玄武岩系演化趋势。这些岩体是造山带杂岩体的一种新类型，可称为东疆型。     

Geology and Genesis of the Mafic—Ultramafic Complexes in the Huangshan—Jingerquan（HJ） Belt,East Xinjiang

More than twenty mafic-ultramafic complexes, which host several mediumor large-sized Cu−Ni deposits, occur along the Huangshan-Jingerquan (HJ) belt in East Xinjiang. Rock types in these complexes are predominated by peridotite, pyroxene peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, gabbronorite, orthopyroxene gabbro, troctolite, gabbro and diorite. The ultramafic rocks are relatively Fe-enriched and are characterized by an assemblage of olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+hornblende±plagioclase without obvious metamorphic textures. Chemically, these complexes are relatively Fe-enriched and show a tholeiitic trend of evolution. The complexes in this belt are intruded under the extensional environment in a Mid-Carboniferous back-arc basin. They can be considered as a new type of mafic-ultramafic complexes in orogenic belts, as designated by the name of the East-Xinjiang-type complexes. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

中朝陆台北侧褶皱带(中段)蛇绿岩的地球化学特征

中朝陆台北侧褶皱带(中段)中,出露有两条蛇绿岩带:一条是温都尔庙加里东期蛇绿岩带(简称南带);一条是索伦山-贺根山华力西期蛇绿岩带(简称北带)。两条岩带具有不同的时空格局和明显的地球化学差异。通过对两条蛇绿岩带地球化学研究,讨论了蛇绿岩形成的古构造环境。南带蛇绿岩可能是在岛弧边缘附近海盆地扩张脊中形成的;北带蛇绿岩可能是在大洋中脊形成的,它标志着中朝板块和西伯利亚板块之间的碰撞带位置。     

新疆西准噶尔地区冶金型与耐火型铬铁矿床的特征及其成因研究

西准噶尔蛇绿岩中发育两类铬铁矿床(或矿化):一类是冶金型铬铁矿床,它以唐巴勒、萨雷诺海为代表;另一类是耐火型铬铁矿床,它以萨尔托海、鲸鱼、洪古勒楞为代表.冶金型矿床中的造矿与副矿物铬尖晶石以高Cr低Al为特征,耐火型则以高Al低Cr为特征.副矿物铬尖晶石的成分从二辉橄榄岩至纯橄岩均显示出向富Cr贫Al方向演化的趋势,两类造矿铬尖晶石成分位于该系列上的不同范围,显示了两者间的差异.豆荚状铬铁矿床的形成是原始地幔岩高度熔融的残余物,冶金型矿床的熔化程度高于耐火型矿床.豆荚体的聚集和分散则依靠上地幔的塑性剪切作用实现的.     

义敦型镁铁—超镁铁岩的主要特征及其与蛇绿岩的对比

“义敦型”相当于文献中通称的阿尔卑斯型,但却不是蛇绿岩。蛇绿岩代表洋壳和地慢的岩石组合,而义敦型镁铁-超镁铁岩体则是由陆壳下的地幔及其部分熔融的产物组成的。因此,蛇绿岩与义敦型岩体的构造含意不同,后者的分布与古缝合带无关。在造山带中区分开蛇绿岩和非蛇绿岩是至关重要的。义敦型镁铁-超镁铁岩组合的认定在理论上和找矿实践上都是有意义的。     

新疆东天山天宇、白石泉杂岩体岩石学、矿物学特征对比研究

天宇和白石泉铜镍矿区含矿镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体是东疆铜镍成矿带的重要组成部分。天宇矿区杂岩体以角闪辉长岩、角闪单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、二辉辉石岩为主;白石泉矿区杂岩体则以辉石闪长岩、角闪辉长岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石辉长岩、辉石橄榄岩、橄长岩为主;天宇矿区含矿超基性岩中SiO2,Al2O3,CaO,K2O,Na2O的质量分数比白石泉岩体低,Fe2O3,MgO相对较高;两个杂岩体的主要造岩矿物均以橄榄石、辉石、斜长石为主;铜镍矿石的矿物组成都较简单,金属矿物种类基本一致;两个杂岩体基性-超基性岩的成分接近原始岩浆,均来自于地幔,均属含铜镍中等的镁铁质岩石。     

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍硫化物矿床辉石特征及地质意义

夏日哈木铜镍硫化物矿床的发现在矿床规模、成矿时代及成矿区带方面都有重要意义。辉石作为最主要的造岩矿物之一,广泛赋存于该矿床的各岩相中,在橄榄岩相中多为填隙相,而在辉石岩相及辉长岩相中多呈堆晶相;总体上,斜方辉石含量大于单斜辉石含量。辉石Cr_2O_3含量在橄榄岩相、辉石岩相、辉长岩相具有依次降低的趋势,说明从早到晚含矿的橄榄岩相、辉石岩相、辉长岩相先后结晶,并非所有辉长岩相的结晶均早于橄榄岩相和辉石岩相;单斜辉石SiO_2、TiO_2及Na_2O含量之间的关系显示夏日哈木矿床母岩浆属拉斑玄武质岩浆,较高的Al_2O_3含量(2.55%~10.61%)暗示岩体形成过程中与富铝围岩发生了同化混染作用。     

Successive episodes of reactive liquid flow through a layered intrusion (Unit 9, Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion,Scotland)

We present a detailed microstructural and geochemical study of reactive liquid flow in Unit 9 of the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, Scotland. Unit 9 comprises an underlying lens-like body of peridotite overlain by a sequence of troctolite and gabbro (termed allivalite), with some local and minor anorthosite. The troctolite is separated from the overlying gabbro by a distinct, sub-horizontal, undulose horizon (the ‘major wavy horizon’). Higher in the stratigraphy is another, similar, horizon (the ‘minor wavy horizon’) that separates relatively clinopyroxene-poor gabbro from an overlying gabbro. To the north of the peridotite lens, both troctolite and gabbro grade into poikilitic gabbro. Clinopyroxene habit in the allivalite varies from thin rims around olivine in troctolite to equigranular crystals in gabbro and to oikocrysts in poikilitic gabbro. The poikilitic gabbros contain multiple generations of clinopyroxene, with Cr-rich (~1.1 wt% Cr₂O₃) anhedral cores with moderate REE concentrations (core1) overgrown by an anhedral REE-depleted second generation with moderate Cr (~0.7 wt% Cr₂O₃) (core2). These composite cores are rimmed by Cr-poor (~0.2 wt% Cr₂O₃) and REE-poor to -moderate clinopyroxene. We interpret these microstructures as a consequence of two separate episodes of partial melting triggered by the intrusion of hot olivine-phyric picrite to form the discontinuous lenses that comprise the Unit 9 peridotite. Loss of clinopyroxene-saturated partial melt from the lower part of the allivalite immediately following the early stages of sill intrusion resulted in the formation of clinopyroxene-poor gabbro. The spatial extent of clinopyroxene loss is marked by the minor wavy horizon. A second partial melting event stripped out almost all clinopyroxene from the lowest allivalite to form a troctolite, with the major wavy horizon marking the extent of melting during this episode. The poikilitic gabbro formed from clinopyroxene-saturated melt moving upwards and laterally through the remobilized cumulate pile and precipitating clinopyroxene en route. This process, called reactive liquid flow, is potentially important in open magma chambers.     

Multi‐stage Melting Processes of Ophiolitic Chromitites from Purang Peridotite,the Western Yarlung‐Zangbo Suture Zone,Tibet

The Purang ophiolite, which crops out over an area of about 600 km2 in the western Yarlung‐Zangbo suture zone, consists chiefly of mantle peridotite, pyroxenite and gabbro. The mantle peridotites are mostly harzburgite and minor lherzolite that locally host small pods of dunite. Some pyroxenite and gabbro veins of variable size occur in the peridotites, and most of them strike NW. On the basis of their mineral chemistry podiform chromitites are divided into high‐alumina (Cr# = 20‐60) (Cr# = 100*Cr/(Cr+Al)) and high‐chromium (Cr# = 60‐80) varieties (Thayer, 1970). Typically, only one type occurs in a given peridotite massif, although some ophiolites contain several massifs which can have different chromitite compositions. However, the Purang massif contains both high chrome and high alumina chromitites within a single mafic‐ultramafic body. Seven small, lenticular bodies of chromitite ore have been found in the harzburgite, with ore textures ranging from massive to disseminated to sparsely disseminated; no nodular ore has been observed. Individual ore bodies are 2‐6 m long, 0.5‐2 m wide and strike NW, parallel to the main structure of the ophiolite. Ore bodies 1 and 6 consist of Al‐rich chromitite (Cr# = 52‐55), whereas orebodies 2, 3, 4 and 5 are Cr‐rich varieties (Cr # = 63 to 89). In addition to magnesiochromite, all of the orebodies contain minor olivine, amphibole and serpentine. Mineral structures show that the peridotites experienced plastic deformation and partial melting. On the basis of magnesiochromite and olivine/clinopyroxene compositions two stages of partial melting are identified in the Purang peridotites, an early low‐partial melting event (about 8%), and a later high‐partial melting event (about 40%). We interpret the Al‐rich chromitites as the products of early MORB magmas, whereas the Cr‐rich varieties are thought to have been generated by the later SSZ melts..