Application of Dempster-Shafer theory in mineral resource potential mapping

The Dempster-Shafer theory has been successfully applied to mineral resource potential mapping in GIS environmental. In this applied form, basic probability assignment and combined basic probability assignment are applied to measuring map pattern and map pattern combination, respectively; and the environment composed of the only two singleton sets (deposit set and non-deposit set), is used for expressing the entire map area. For a subarea in which the certain map pattern combination exists, the combined basic probability assignment corresponding to the map pattern combination existing in this subarea, expresses the belief of inferring the subarea belonging to the deposit set from the evidence that the corresponding map pattern combination existing in the subarea. Thus, it may be served as a statistical index measuring the relative mineral resource potentials of the subarea. And it may be determined like 1) dividing the map area into a series of small equal-sized grid cells and then select the training sample set composed of the well-known grid cells or the entire grid cells; 2) estimating the basic probability assignments corresponding to each map pattern fromthe training sample set; 3) determining the map pattern combination existing in each cell, and then appling the Dempster's Rule of Combination to integrating the all basic probability assignments corresponding to the map patterns existing in the cell into the combined basic probability assignment. Mineral resource potential mapping with the Dempster-Shafer theory is demonstrated on a case study to select mineral resource targets. The experimental results manifest that the model can be compared with the weights of evidence model in the effectiveness of mineral resource target selection.     

矿产预测中的不确定性评估方法与应用——以广西大瑶山矿区为例

由于矿床类型的多样性,矿床成因的复杂性,控矿因素的隐蔽性和找矿信息的多解性,成矿预测结果具有不确定性,并常常因人而异[1]。矿产预测评价是由多个阶段组成的复杂系统工程,每个环节都会产生不确定性,并且不确定性还会传播积累,致使技术评价的不确定性,最终会导致经济评价的不确定性。在找矿难度越来越大,矿业经济风险越来越突出的今天,对矿产预测评价中的不确定性加强认识,并尝试研究富有成效的不确定性评估方法已日显重要,它也是从根本上改进现行矿产预测评价方法的出路之一。本文先对矿产预测评价的特点作了简要说明,对技术评价的不确定性作了系统总结,并基于模糊集值统计的不确定性信息处理方法,提出了矿产预测中不确定性的一般评估方法,最后,以广西大瑶山西侧铜、铅、锌矿的预测评价为背景,对不确定性的评估方法作了应用分析。     

Mapinfo在地矿勘查信息系统中的应用

本文通过应用桌面地图信息系统（Mapinfo）软件在对浙江省矿产资源系列分布图有关的十几个电子图层进行深入研究的基础上，首次总结了在Mapinfo软件中建立与渐江省地勘工作相适应的电子地图投影系统的技术方法，并提出在这统一投影系统下，构筑浙江省地矿勘查信息系统的新思路。     

基于矿业权实地核查成果数据的县(市)矿政管理一张图建设

在简要分析矿业权实地核查成果数据特点的基础上,结合我国矿政管理的实际情况,提出了以单矿业权实地核查成果为基本数据源、以县为基本地域单元的矿政管理一张图建设的基本框架、工作模式和基本方法,对于推进研究成果对矿政管理一张图建设具有重要的探索意义.     

省级区域化探数据库信息系统PGD2.0

《省级区域化探数据库信息系统ＰＧＤ２．０》是以中文Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５为平台,研制的一套集数据管理、处理、解释和制图为一体的区域化探综合应用系统,目前已推广应用。该系统建立了四个数据库：区域化探数据库、监控数据库、中大比例尺数据库及地质和地理图形库。同时提供了可视化多模式条件检索功能。系统提供的数据处理方法能对区域化探数据做多元统计分析、数据校验、各种投影变换及系统调平等处理;系统提供的制图功能,可以绘制等值线图、充填颜色的彩色等值线图、数据点位图、数据符号图和色块图。系统还提供了异常解释功能,能以衬度异常的面金属量ＮＡＰ值自动圈定异常。在辽宁省已经使用该软件建立了区域化探数据库,这给区域化探资料的使用带来了很大的方便。在异常筛选、找矿及战略选区等方面,也起到了不可替代的作用。     

矿产资源国家安全、国际争夺与国家战略之思考

在当前深刻变革和复杂调整的国际政治与经济形势下,大国博弈的核心是争夺地球资源及其控制权。国际政治经济格局的变动导致全球资源配置和经济全球化进程发生巨大变化以及不可预计的风险。美国总统特朗普2017年底签署了《关于确保关键矿产安全和可靠供应的联邦战略》(13817号)总统行政命令,2019年发布以资源争夺为核心内容的战略行动方案,欲确保美国对全球矿产资源的控制权。中国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,和发达国家相比仍有一定差距,对矿产资源的需求居高不下,显示了小(人均矿产占有量小)、大(需求和消费量大)、高(对外依存度和安全风险相对较高)和降(国内资源供应能力和资源保障均有所下降)的特点。当前中国多种大宗矿产资源现有探明储量面临开发殆尽的局面,新兴关键矿产家底不够清,开采和选冶技术需要提高,综合利用和绿色矿山的理念与制度需要加强完善,国家有关矿产政策需要进一步调整。基于此,本文将对矿产资源的国家安全、国际资源争夺进行简要分析,提出对中国的矿产资源战略的思考和建议。     

Cumulative gain and lift charts for model performance assessment in mineral potential mapping

Model performance assessment is a key procedure for mineral potential mapping, but the corresponding research achievements are seldom reported in literature.Cumulative gain and lift charts are well known in the data mining community specialized in marketing and sales applications and widely used in customer churn prediction for model performance assessment.In this paper, they are introduced into the field of mineral potential mapping for model performance assessment.These two charts can be viewed as a graphic representation of the advantage of using a predictive model to choose mineral targets.A cumulative gain curve can represent how much a predictive model is superior to a random guess in mineral target prediction.A lift chart can express how much more likely the mineral targets predicted by a model are deposit-bearing ones than those by a random selection.As an illustration, the cumulative gain and lift charts are applied to measure the performance of weights of evidence, logistic regression, restricted Boltzmann machine, and multilayer perceptron in mineral potential mapping in the Altay district in northern Xinjiang in China.The results show that the cumulative gain and lift charts can visually reveal that the first three models perform well while the last one performs poorly.Thus, the cumulative gain and lift charts can serve as a graphic tool for model performance assessment in mineral potential mapping.     

NATURAL RESOURCES AND ECO-ENVIRONMENT MAPPING IN HENAN,CHINA

ＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳＡＮＤＥＣＯ－ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＭＡＰＰＩＮＧＩＮＨＥＮＡＮ，ＣＨＩＮＡＨｕａｎｇＷａｎｈｕａ（黄万华）；ＧｕｏＹｕｘｉａｏ（郭玉萧）（ＴｈｅＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｔｈｅＨｅｎａｎＡｃａｄｅｍｙ...     

中国镍铜铂族岩浆矿床矿产地空间数据库建设及其开发应用

中国镍铜铂族岩浆硫化物矿床矿产资源方面,全国尚无统一的矿产地质数据库。经过大量资料收集、数据整理和建库,完成了中国镍铜铂族岩浆硫化物矿床矿产地数据库的建设。在此基础上,以MAPGIS为平台进行程序编程,建立了数据信息丰富、库结构合理、具有多项实用功能的矿产空间数据库软件。借助空间数据库软件对中国镍铜铂族岩浆硫化物矿床进行地质研究,总结了中国此类矿床的小岩体成矿特征和富集规律。     

基于AutoCAD的房产基础测绘成图软件设计与实现

房产基础测绘为城市房产管理提供最基础的地理信息数据。为满足单位开展房产基础测绘工作的需要,针对房产基础测绘的规范要求,设计实现了一套以AutoCAD为开发平台的房产基础测绘成图软件。该文重点介绍了软件开发过程中的绘图菜单设计、图形图例符号绘制及相应的绘图程序开发工作。     

求解制图区域的地图图幅编号的算法研究

基于地理格网理论,从点、线、面三个方面,提出了归原法、斜率分段-同异侧判别法和投影反算-图廓内外判别法,这些算法可准确映射各种投影后制图区域所对应的基础地理信息数据范围,实现了制图范围内地理信息数据所属地图图幅编号的可视化查询。     

“光谱地壳”计划——探索新一代矿产勘查技术

 本文首先对我国能源和矿产资源日益增长的需求现状,分析了目前地质找矿所面临的诸多难题,及国内外探索新一代矿物勘查技术的研究现状,然后,系统地介绍了"光谱地壳"的基本概念、研究内容和建设意义。文中指出,"光谱地壳"计划的提出,旨在针对地表和地壳表层,实现高光谱技术对地球表面的地质填图和矿物蚀变信息的遥感探测,以及对岩芯的光谱探测,建立地壳高光谱数据库集,满足以高光谱探测技术对地壳表层一定范围内矿物的识别和探矿需求。 "光谱地壳"计划瞄准国家战略需求,强化技术创新与应用模式创新,提高星载、机载高光谱遥感矿产资源探测能力,建立地面光谱测量平台及地下岩芯光谱扫描、编录、分析平台,发展由天基、空基、地基,地下岩芯探测构成的一体化"光谱地壳"遥感立体探测体系。"光谱地壳"计划是我国高光谱遥感技术发展的顶层设计,拟将解决遥感直接找矿和深部找矿的勘查难题,以带动我国整体勘查技术水平的提高和发展。     

巩义市非煤矿产资源存在的问题与对策浅议

巩义市是郑州的矿业大市 ,非煤矿产资源丰富。随着市场经济的逐步深入 ,非煤矿产资源勘查与开发的逐步升级 ,存在的问题也日益显现。如何解决这些问题 ,推动非煤矿业健康发展 ,是一个十分重要的课题。该文简要概述了巩义市辖区内非煤矿产资源概况 ,阐述了非煤矿产资源存在的问题 ,并归纳为五个重点 ,针对五个重点问题提出一些改进的相应对策     

面向高光谱矿物填图的多特征结合降维方法研究

高光谱影像具有图谱合一的特点,图像空间信息是遥感影像的重要信息,但以往基于最佳波段选择的降维方法中只考虑基于灰度统计的特征空间信息,忽视了图像空间信息,而且计算量大。综合高光谱遥感影像的特征空间与图像空间信息,提出了一种多特征结合的高光谱影像降维方法并应用于矿物填图中。统计分析波段相关性并划分不同特征子空间;计算各波段的分形维数,在各子空间选择分形维数较小的波段作为候选波段;在候选波段中,计算待识别地物光谱间的相关系数,并快速选择出最佳波段组合。经实验,应用该方法选出的最佳波段组合影像清晰、不同蚀变矿物对比明显,根据特征选择提取出的矿物蚀变信息与应用成熟的光谱角制图(SAM)提取结果大致相同,表明结合图像空间和特征空间的降维方法能够选择出理想的波段组合,有效降低高光谱数据的维数,信息提取效果好。      

Synthetic information prediction system for crisis mine based on GIS

Reserves of some kinds of the crisis mines will be lack now or from now on, because of lacking seriously reserves of mineral resources and the crisis of exploring bases in support. So that it is urgent to predict, appraise, development and utilize the replaceable resources of the crisis mines. The mineral resources prediction software system of synthetic information is intelligent GIS which is used to quantitative prediction of large-scale synthetic information mineral target. It takes the geological body and the mineral resource body as a unit. And it analyzes the ore deposit genesis and metallotect, knows the spatial distribution laws of the ore deposit and ore body, and establish the prospecting modelbased on the concept of establishing the three-dimensional space of a mine. This paper will primarily discuss some important problems as follows： the secondary development of various kinds of data（ including geology, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing, etc）; process synthetically and establish the synthetic information interpretative map base; correspond prospecting model with synthetic information of ore deposit; divided into statistical units of metallogenic information synthetic anomalies based on the synthetic information anomalies of ore control, then research the metallogenic information variable of unit synthetically and make quantitative prediction according to choose the quantitative prediction math model which is suitable to the demands of large-scale precision; at last, finish the target area optimization of ore deposit （body）.     

Extraction of altered minerals from Aster remote sensing data in Gongchangling iron deposit of Liaoning,China

The precision of Aster data is higher than that of Landsat series of multispectral remote sensing data,which can more accurately reveal the distribution of altered minerals.It plays an important role in prospecting,but it is rarely used in areas with complex terrain and high vegetation coverage.Based on this purpose,this study used Aster remote sensing data,and took Gongchangling iron deposit as a case study.It combined the mineral spectrum theory and the basic geologic data of the study area,using the model of principal component analysis(PCA)and color synthesis to extract abnormal altered minerals.The results show that the distribution of identified anomalies is basically consistent with the existing geological data in this study area,which provides a reliable reference for the mineral resources ex-ploration and delineation of mining areas.     

Synthetic information prediction system for crisis mine based on GIS

Reserves of some kinds of the crisis mines will be lack now or from now on, because of lacking seriously reserves of mineral resources and the crisis of exploring bases in support. So that it is urgent to predict, appraise, development and utilize the replaceable resources of the crisis mines. The mineral resources prediction software system of synthetic information is intelligent GIS which is used to quantitative prediction of large-scale synthetic information mineral target. It takes the geological body and the mineral resource body as a unit. And it analyzes the ore deposit genesis and metallotect, knows the spatial distribution laws of the ore deposit and ore body, and establish the prospecting model based on the concept of establishing the three-dimensional space of a mine. This paper will primarily discuss some important problems as follows: the secondary development of various kinds of data(including geology, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing, etc); process synthetically and establish the synthetic information interpretative map base; correspond prospecting model with synthetic information of ore deposit; divided into statistical units of metallogenic information synthetic anomalies based on the synthetic information anomalies of ore control, then research the metallogenic information variable of unit synthetically and make quantitative prediction according to choose the quantitative prediction math model which is suitable to the demands of large-scale precision; at last, finish the target area optimization of ore deposit (body).     

Application of RgMap system on digital regional geological survey

Digital geological mapping fundamentally broke through the traditional working pattern,successfully carried out the geological mapping digitalization.By using the RGMAP system to field digital geological mapping,the authors summarized the method of work and the work flow of the RGMAPGIS during the field geological survey.First,we prepared material,set up the PRB gallery,then put the geographic base map under the background maplayer and organizing the field hand map,forming the field factual datum map.At last,the geological space database is formed.     

基于第三次国土调查成果的国土空间规划底图制作研究

第三次国土调查成果是国土空间规划最重要的现状底数和底图基础,本文在深入分析国土空间规划工作需求及第三次国土调查数据特征基础上,研究利用第三次国土调查成果制作国土空间规划底图的工作流程及关键技术,构建了底图数据内容体系,探索了第三次国土调查工作分类与国土空间规划用地分类的对应关系和衔接转换方法,以及底图数据处理、底图数据衔接、底图数据叠加使用等技术方法,可为国土空间规划底图编制工作提供参考。     

我国地质制图的SRTM DEM数据应用研究

为了满足目前地质图件在立体制图方面的需求,采用SRTM DEM为数据源,通过SRTM DEM地质制图应用与要素分析制图等处理,进行了等高线与坡度、坡向的快速提取,并以湖南省与安徽省的地质图为例,做了MapGIS平台下的地质图可视化分析.证明将SRTM DEM作为地质图的一个图层要素加以显示,增强图件的立体感的可行性,同...