Millennial-centennial scales climate changes of Holocene indicated by magnetic susceptibility of high-resolution section in Salawusu River valley,China

The upmost segment(Holocene series)of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section(MGS1)in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies,or dune sands and paleosols.The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of this segment suggests that there are 11 magnetic susceptibility cycles with the value alternating from low to high,in which the layers of the dune sands correspond to the lower value of the magnetic susceptibility and the layers of fluvio-lacustrine facies and paleosols correspond to the higher peaks.The study reveals that the low and high magnetic susceptibility values indicate the climate dominated by cold-arid winter monsoon and warm-humid summer monsoon of East Asia,respectively,and the study area has experienced at least 22 times of mil-lennial-centennial scales climate alternation from the cold-arid to the warm-humid during the Holocene.In terms of the time and the climate nature,the variations basically correspond to those of the North Atlantic and some records of cold-warm changes in China as well.They might be caused by the alternation of winter and summer monsoons in the Mu Us Desert induced by global climate fluctuations in the Holocene.     

牵引流化重力流沉积过程与堆积机制:以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷为例

以具备牵引流特色的重力流沉积体为载体的高效储集体,是陆相湖盆沉积学研究与勘探突破的重要领域.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段发育的大规模多期次陆相重力流具有其沉积特征的独特性(面积约940km2,纵向分布厚度约1.1km).依据水动力条件及沉积过程机制,存在层级递进继承型、渐进过渡型、兼并融合型3种牵引流与重力流动力学过程,细分为泥质碎屑流、砂质碎屑流、过渡型同生流、(高密度-低密度悬浮)似涌浪浊流、(高密度-低密度)准稳态浊流5种机制类型,并依据其发育背景识别出了滨海地区中央隆起带上以重力流水道为主导特征的水道型重力流沉积体系和受次洼地貌控制的面流型重力流.本研究细化了沉积动力学过程-堆积机制-沉积相-岩相一体化的关联性,确定了牵引流化重力流发育的关键控制因素.作为极具潜力的优质储层目标,陆相牵引流化重力流沉积体的研究成果在丰富理论体系的同时,对油气勘探新领域的拓展与突破具重要意义,具备生产实践价值,对于其他陆相湖盆油气勘探具有重要的借鉴作用.     

The Study on Pyroclastic Deposits in the Longgang Volcanic Swarm, Northeastern China

The Dayizishan scoria cone and Jinlongdingzi scoria cone in the Longgang volcanic swarm, northeastern China are comprised of basaltic fallout tephra that derived from sub - Plinian eruptions. The airborn tephra formed a scoria cone and tephra sheets in geomorphological character. The fallout tephra deposits consist of basaltic scoria, bomb, ultramafic xenolith and lithic fragments. The tephra deposits in the tephra sheets developed plane parallel bedding and graded bedding. The size parameters of tephra changed with distance away from source and the lapse of time regularly.The Dalongwan tuff ring and Longquanlongwan tuff ring in Longgang volcanic swarm are comprised of base surge deposits, formed by phreatomagmatic explosions. The base surge deposits are composed of basaltic lapilli, pisolites and tuff.The sedimentary structure, for instance, dunelike structure, chute and pool structure, U - shaped channel and cross bedding, massive beds and sandwave beds etc. are recognized.     

Quartz grain surface microtextural evidence for provenance of the Quaternary aggradation red earth deposit,southern China

The Quaternary aggradation red earth(QARE) deposit in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(MRYR) in southern China provides important evidence for understanding the paleoenvironment. However, its provenance remains controversial. In this study, the surface microtextures of grains from the QARE were observed, and compared with those of grains from the loess deposit on the Loess Plateau in northern China. The results show that the surface microtextures and morphologies of the quartz grains in the QARE are distinctly different from those in the northern loess, indicating that the deposits in the two regions have different provenances. The Gobi and deserts in inland northwestern China are not considered as the primary provenance for the QARE in southern China. It is suggested that the large areas of dry and bare river and lake beds and floodplains in the MRYR, which became exposed during glacial periods, provided the dominant source for materials in the QARE. We suggest that against the background of the middle-Pleistocene climate transition(MPT), regional aridification and a strengthened east Asian winter monsoon(driven by global cooling and the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau) were primary drivers for the initiation of the QARE deposit in the MRYR region in southern China. The development of large areas of aeolian red earth deposit is direct evidence of environmental deterioration in the MRYR, indicating a cold and dry environment with frequent aeolian activity, in an area that now experiences a warm and humid subtropical monsoon climate. The results are also evidence of a regional response in the mid-subtropics of southern China to the MPT global cooling event around 1.2 Ma.     

初论我国浊积岩金矿床

以浊积岩为容矿围岩的金矿床是世界上一种重要类型的金矿床。本文较系统地阐述了我国浊积岩金矿床的分布、地质地球化学特征及成矿作用。作者认为,浊积岩金矿床在我国分布广泛,其成矿时期横跨晚太古代至中、新生代,并具有一些独特的成矿特点,因此,有很大的找矿潜力。     

秦岭泥盆系中铅锌矿床的热水沉积成因

秦岭泥盆纪铅锌成矿带提供了一种沉积岩中热水沉积矿床形成的典型构造背景,成矿作用发生在被动大陆边缘上的裂陷盆地中,与盆地造山前的发展和演化有关。同沉积期断裂控制着成矿洼地的发育,地热异常促使热水系统形成,已经识别出来若干古地热异常存在的标志。碰撞造山过程中盆地封闭,含矿沉积物受到不同程度的变形和变质改造。 可以把泥盆纪地层中的各种金属矿床纳入一个热水沉积成矿系列中,铅锌主要是在热水系统释放到海底时的沉积成岩过程中富集的,铜和金则表现有在热水系统晚期相中或后期改造中富集的趋势。     

洛阳龙门地区寒武系第三统张夏组碳酸盐岩风暴沉积类型及遗迹化石特征

洛阳龙门地区出露连续的寒武系第三统张夏组碳酸盐岩,层内发育大量的风暴沉积构造,是研究碳酸盐岩风暴沉积的良好剖面。研究区发育了6种典型的风暴相关沉积构造,根据风暴岩的沉积序列,识别出5种风暴沉积岩;研究了该区风暴沉积中遗迹化石,依据遗迹化石的分布特征以及镜下特征,划分出了3个风暴沉积序列层段,识别出6个遗迹属,建立了研究区遗迹化石的风暴沉积分布模式图,得出了研究区沉积环境演化规律。      

东昆仑东段中-晚三叠世区域岩浆-热液成矿系统

东昆仑成矿带在早中生代发生了大规模的成矿作用,形成了一系列脉状金矿床、脉状银铅锌矿床、斑岩型铜钼矿床和矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床,但这些矿床之间的成因联系尚不清楚。东昆仑东段以其多样的矿床类型为这一科学问题的研究提供了理想场所。在总结归纳东昆仑东段主要类型矿床时空分布和地质特征的基础上,通过系统分析各类矿床的成矿时代、成矿构造背景及成矿流体与物质来源,探讨它们之间的成因联系。研究结果显示,东昆仑东段各类矿床主要形成于中-晚三叠世(240~220 Ma),均是东昆仑古特提斯陆陆碰撞及后碰撞伸展作用的产物。此外,区内及外围东昆北地体中的各类矿床均具有相似的成矿流体与成矿物质来源,且与该时期广泛发育的深部岩浆作用密切相关,共同组成了一个巨型的岩浆-热液成矿系统,不同类型的矿化可能是该岩浆-热液系统不同演化阶段的产物。巴颜喀拉板块深俯冲及板块断离诱发软流圈地幔的上涌及随后的大规模岩浆-流体活动,富含金属挥发分的岩浆热液与上地壳的岩石和流体发生交代和流体混合,最终形成区内巨型的岩浆-热液成矿系统。基于该成矿系统,东昆仑东段具有寻找多类型共生矿床的潜力。      

南海北部莺-琼盆地典型重力流沉积特征与物源体系

简述了莺-琼盆地横向沉积分布、纵向沉积序列、动态沉积过程,以及浅海重力流的沉积特征与形成机制。南海北部莺歌海盆地黄流组发育了浅海背景下的大型重力流沉积,琼东南盆地发育了半深海沉积环境下的陵水组、三亚组、梅山组海底扇。其中浅海重力流沉积的主要特征体现在:①沉积规模大小不等,且展布形态存在较大差异; ②海平面变化造成沉积特征的复杂性和多变性; ③浅海重力流沉积通常不具备扇体亚相分异; ④浅海重力流的水道沉积砂体迁移快、堆积厚,表现为水道富集且多期次叠加。莺-琼盆地物源演化与对比揭示了源-汇过程及不同物源输入的动态时空变化,主控因素包括物源供给、相对海平面变化、差异沉降、古地貌(古坡折及坡度)等。      

西天山北部大地构造背景与成矿关系及找矿预测

西天山金属矿产十分丰富，是我国重要的Ｃｕ、Ａｕ 等多金属成矿带。金属矿床的形成及其成矿特点与大地构造背景密切相关。在拉张大地构造背景下主要形成与中基性和中酸性火山岩有关的Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ａｕ 等矿床，次为与中酸性侵入岩有关的Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ、Ｗ、ＰｂＺｎ 等矿床及与基性、超基性侵入岩有关的ＣｕＮｉ 矿床。在挤压大地构造背景下，主要形成与重熔型花岗岩有关的斑岩型、矽卡岩型和热液型Ｃｕ矿、Ａｕ 矿等，次为沉积改造型ＰｂＺｎ 矿和Ｃｕ 矿床。文中还讨论了大地构造演化的不同时期金属矿床形成的主要特点，并据大地构造背景等成矿条件对西天山北部进行了找矿预测。     

桂西铝多金属矿床地质地球化学特征与成矿机理

对桂西地区铝土矿及其围岩系统取样,进行了微量元素分析。结果表明,原生铝土矿的成矿母岩主要为下二叠统茅口灰岩,其次有少量古陆风化物的加入;区内原生铝土矿形成于海相的沉积环境,堆积型铝土矿由原生沉积型铝土矿风化淋滤而成。     

中国层控银矿床主要地质特征及分类

矿体含银量>100g/t,其它有益组分不及工业品位,称之为单一型银矿床;矿体含银量>80g/t,其它有益组分达到工业品位,称之为共生组合型银矿床。中国银矿床明显受地层层位控制,其主要赋矿地层有:元古界高于庄组、三岔子组、大石桥组、银洞沟组、歪头山组;古生界为泥盆系。其次为寒武—奥陶系和石炭—二叠系;中生—新生界。赋矿岩石建造主要有5种类型:1.碳酸盐岩;2.中酸性火山熔岩或次火山岩;3.含火山物质的沉积岩;4.沉积碎屑岩;5.变质岩。中国银矿床的形成具长期性和多期次性的特点,其主要表现在岩浆活动、区域变质和构造变动等的改造作用。银矿床的分布基本与活动带的分布区相一致。中国层控银矿床共分四大类和二个亚类。     

东营凹陷岩盐成矿条件浅析

东营凹陷是一个中、新生代断落凹陷区，发育了巨厚的新生代地层。凹陷内岩盐主要发育在沙河街组四段中下部，通过对沉积盆地演化阶段、岩盐赋存层位及蒸发岩系序列结构的分析，指出岩盐是在陆相环境中沉积的，属海源陆相沉积矿床。     

黔北镇远地区三丘田剖面寒武系明心寺组上段滨岸相沉积特征及其地质意义

沉积环境分析是古地理重建的核心内容,黔北地区寒武系明心寺组沉积环境研究存在较大争议,以致对中上扬子地区明心寺组沉积期古地理格局的认识不能统一。选取寒武系明心寺组发育齐全、出露良好的黔北镇远地区三丘田剖面为研究对象,通过野外剖面观察、室内薄片鉴定及碎屑岩粒度分析等方法对三丘田剖面明心寺组岩石学特征、沉积构造、沉积演化序列、沉积相类型进行了详细分析。结果表明:黔北镇远地区三丘田剖面寒武系明心寺组上段发育大套的石英粉-细砂岩,沉积构造以低角度冲洗交错层理为主,碎屑颗粒的成分和结构成熟度均较高;三丘田剖面明心寺组上段砂岩以双次跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分含量较少,纵向剖面自下而上显示为浅水陆棚→临滨→前滨→后滨演化序列,呈典型的陆棚相向滨岸相变化。综上所述,黔北镇远地区三丘田剖面寒武系明心寺组上段的沉积相为滨岸相。黔北镇远地区明心寺组滨岸相沉积的出现,指示了黔北地区区域上重新认识明心寺组沉积相的必要性,将直接影响对黔北地区乃至中上扬子地区寒武纪古地理格局及其大地构造背景的认识。     

山东高岭土矿成矿特征及成矿规律探讨

山东省已发现高岭土矿床18处,分为沉积型和风化残积型2种类型.沉积型高岭土矿受沉积作用的控制,石炭系-二叠系是其主要赋矿层位,广泛发育于鲁中地区北部的各煤田中.风化残积型高岭土矿则以中、小型矿床和矿点的形式零星分布于鲁南和鲁东各地.本文总结了山东省高岭土矿的成矿特征和成矿模式,通过典型矿床详细介绍了高岭土矿的矿体特征和...     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗扎拉格沃博勒卓铁矿地质特征与找矿标志

苏尼特左旗扎拉格沃博勒卓铁矿位于内蒙古中部,地处卡巴-红格尔庙铁成矿带,成矿地质条件优越。区内的铁矿主要赋存于蓟县纪温都尔庙群上部哈尔哈达组中,发育的温都尔庙式褐铁矿,属沉积变质型,是以往铁矿勘查的重点。该次勘查除发现上述类型铁矿外,在矿区及外围广泛分布的中元古代变辉长岩中,发育有具工业意义的磁铁矿体,矿床成因为岩浆熔离型。因此,今后在该地区进行铁矿勘查关注沉积变质型铁矿的同时,也应注意后期岩浆熔离型铁矿的寻找。     

Sedimentary environment of vermicular red clay in South China

Increasing interest in recent years has focused on vermicular red clay(VRC) in southern China due to its controversial sedimentary environment and provenance. Grain size is a useful way to determine sedimentary environment and provenance. Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) is a common and widely used method for multivariate statistical analysis. Based on a proper training sample set, the LDA can be used to discuss the sediment provenance. In this study, grain size data for 77 Malan loess samples and 41 floodplain deposit samples were used as a training sample set to deduce a Fisher linear discriminant function. Then, 299 VRC samples from 6 Quaternary red clay profiles were analyzed using the discriminant function. Grain size parameters and microscopic images of quartz grains separated from the VRC were evaluated in detail to determine the VRC sedimentary environment in south China. The results show that VRC profiles can be classified into two regions: the Chiang-nan Hilly Region and Wuyi Mountains Region. The VRC samples in the Chiang-nan Hilly Region originated from eolian dust deposits. This VRC is characterized by a higher content of fine particles(20 μm) and lower average transport kinetic energy than loess in a C-M plot. The quartz grain sizes and microscope images of this VRC suggest that it could be a polyphyletic mixture of far-sourced and nearsourced eolian deposits. The far-sourced eolian deposits share similar provenance with Xiashu loess and were transported by the East Asian winter monsoon. The near-sourced eolian deposits were dust emitted from the adjacent floodplain. In the Wuyi Mountains Region, the rugged topography weakened the dustfall and strengthened the reconstructive effect of hydrodynamic forces during the Quaternary glacial periods. The VRC in this region was reworked strongly by water and retained typical hydraulic characteristics no matter the source.     

Sedimentary characteristics of tide-dominated estuary in Donghetang Formation(Upper Devonian), central Tarim Basin

The Donghetang Formation (Upper Devonian) in central Tarim Basin has been thought an important oil and gas reservoir since the abundant oil and gas resources were found in the wells W16, W20, W34, and other fields. However, the sedimentary environment of the Donghetang Formation has been disputed because it suffered from both tidal and fluvial actions and there were not rich fossils in the sandstone. After the authors analyzed sedimentary features by means of drill cores, well logging data, paleosols, and with SEM obseruations, three kinds of sedimentary environments were distinguished: alluvial fan, tide-dominated estuary, and shelf. Particularly, the sedimentary features of tide-dominated estuary were studied in detail. Besides, the authors discussed sedimentary characteristics of the Donghetang Formation which was divided into two fourth-order sequences and five system tracts. At the same time, according to the forming process of five system tracts, the whole vertical evolution and lateral transition of tide-dominated estuary were illustrated clearly. Finally, the reservoir quality was evaluated based on porosity and permeability.     

Late Pleistocene aeolian activity in Haitan Island,Southeast China: Insights from optically stimulated luminescence dating of coastal dunes on marine terraces

The 'Old Red Sand' is a type of semicemented medium-fine sandy sediment that is red (10R4/8) or brown red (2.5YR4/8) in colour and is found in late Quaternary deposits. The sediments have distinctive characteristics and are a critical archive for understanding climatic changes in the coastal areas of East Asia. The ages of the late Quaternary aeolian sand dunes from Haitan Island in the coastal area of South China are still in debate. In this study, three sets of marine terraces were identified in the northern region of Haitan Island. Aeolian dune sands are well preserved on the top of these terraces. Quartz Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating and the distribution of the formation ages demonstrated that the palaeo-dunes are deposits from the middle-late period of the Late Pleistocene (Q ₃ ^2-3 ). The period may be divided into three stages, 100–90 ka, 70–60 ka, and 40–20 ka, in which the palaeo-dunes of the first two stages are more widespread and were formed separately during a low-sea level period of the Marine Isotope Stages 5b and 4. Several depositional palaeo-flood event records were preserved during the last stage due to the increasing gradient of mountain gullies formed during the Last Glacial Maximum.     

Sedimentary characteristics of tide-dominated estuary in Donghetang Formation (Upper Devonian), central Tarim Basin

The Donghetang Formation (Upper Devonian) in central Tarim Basin has been thought an important oil and gas reservoir since the abundant oil and gas resources were found in the wells W16, W20, W34, and other fields. However, the sedimentary environment of the Donghetang Formation has been disputed because it suffered from both tidal and fluvial actions and there were not rich fossils in the sandstone. After the authors analyzed sedimentary features by means of drill cores, well logging data, paleosols, and with SEM obseruations, three kinds of sedimentary environments were distinguished: alluvial fan, tide-dominated estuary, and shelf. Particularly, the sedimentary features of tide-dominated estuary were studied in detail. Besides, the authors discussed sedimentary characteristics of the Donghetang Formation which was divided into two fourth-order sequences and five system tracts. At the same time, according to the forming process of five system tracts, the whole vertical evolution and lateral transition of tide-dominated estuary were illustrated clearly. Finally, the reservoir quality was evaluated based on porosity and permeability.