共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 671 毫秒
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台湾岛地形诱生次级环流系统对热带气旋异常运动的影响机制 总被引:19,自引:4,他引:15
对经过中国台湾岛和海南岛、吕宋岛、日本诸岛以及朝鲜半岛的热带气旋在过岛前后的运动、结构和强度的时空变化进行了统计诊断分析。研究结果表明,台湾岛附近热带气旋运动左偏(定义为偏于以前路径的左侧)机率最大,且台湾岛周围是产生诱生低压的高频区。采用理想东、西风环境场作为数值模拟背景场,数值研究了岛屿地形强迫与台湾附近的环境流场的相互作用及其对热带气旋运动偏转的影响,提出了岛屿地形强迫、背景场和热带气旋涡旋三者相互作用对热带气旋路径突然转折影响的观点,即台湾地形有利于环境场中诱生出一对偏差偶极涡,这对诱生偏差偶极涡将导致逼近岛屿的热带气旋产生运动方向的突然偏折,且在不同基本气流条件下,岛屿地形对热带气旋运动可能产生显著不同的影响。 相似文献
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两类不同路径热带气旋登陆前后的总能量对比分析 总被引:8,自引:8,他引:0
以热带气旋“麦莎”和“碧利斯”为例,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和实况资料,对两类不同路径热带气旋登陆前后的总能量场进行了对比分析,重点讨论了总能量场的变化与登陆热带气旋路径的对应关系,结果表明:(1)热带气旋区域的总能量分布并不均匀,高值中心主要集中在热带气旋移动方向的前方;(2)热带气旋中心始终在总能量输送场的“0”线附近小幅摆动;(3)登陆后西行热带气旋和北上热带气旋的能量输送变化存在一定差异,可能与同期的环境流场和地形作用有关,热带气旋的移动方向趋向与能量输送较强的一方一致。 相似文献
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鞍型场是一种特殊的流场,鞍点附近气压梯度很小,风场很弱,引导气流不明显。当热带气旋进入鞍型场时,会表现为停滞、打转、突然转向等异常路径。采用NCEP资料对2011年热带气旋"梅花"路径和大尺度形势场分析结果表明,在其整个生命史中出现三次移动路径转折,热带气旋进入鞍型场后,出现在鞍点附近停滞、移动缓慢、突然转向等异常路径。利用理想变形场和兰金涡旋相结合的鞍型场作为背景场,用梯度风平衡构造了理想热带气旋,分别考虑了科氏参数为常数和β平面近似两种情况,利用二维浅水模式对热带气旋处于鞍点和收缩轴附近不同位置的情况进行了数值对比试验。当科氏参数为常数时,处于鞍点位置的热带气旋在鞍点停滞;而当采用β平面近似时,处于鞍点位置的热带气旋向东北低压一侧移动,并和低压合并。当初始热带气旋处于鞍点南侧的收缩轴上以及偏东或偏西100 km时,会出现三种截然不同的移动路径。试验结果表明:鞍型场对热带气旋有"陷阱"作用。当热带气旋进入到鞍型场区并接近鞍点时,在β漂移和弱引导气流作用下,可能陷入鞍点附近区域,移动缓慢,出现异常路径,也可能沿着膨胀轴向偏东或偏西方向移动,使得热带气旋突然转向。热带气旋的移动对其和收缩轴的相对位置十分敏感,数十千米的偏差可能会导致截然相反的移动路径。 相似文献
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罗哲贤 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,50(4):413-419
用一个带有热力强迫和耗散项的准地转正压模式,实施了16组积分时间大于7d的数值试验,研究了在环境流场和环境加热场共同作用下,热带气旋的移动路径问题。结果表明,随着环境流场参数、环境加热场参数和热带气旋尺度参数取值的不同,在模式大气中,清楚地复制出逆时针打转、蛇行摆动、向西移行和突然北折等截然不同的运动形态,并显示出具有非线性特色的临界点现象。 相似文献
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热带大气季节内振荡对西北太平洋地区热带气旋路径的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
利用NOAA的逐日OLR场资料、ECMWF逐日风场(850 hPa)资料、以及美国联合台风预报中心(JTWC)的热带气旋(TC)数据,参考Wheeler和Hendon提出的MJO指数,通过Combined-EOF方法定义热带20~90 d振荡(ISO)的指数,对西北太平洋(WNP)区域进行ISO不同相位的划分,深入研究西北太平洋地区ISO对于热带气旋(TC)路径变化的影响。研究结果表明,在ISO东风位相中,在ISO反气旋性环流东北侧气流影响下,西太副高南侧偏东气流较弱,生成在副高中的TC在140 °E以东转折的比率较大;而在西风位相,副高南侧偏东气流受ISO气旋性环流影响加强,生成在该区域的TC在偏东气流引导下首先向西,当西北移动至近海区域后,在西南季风气流以及副高西侧偏东南气流的共同作用下,容易发生顺时针的北折,因而在140 °E以西转折类的TC比率较高。还分析了台风个例中的ISO流场形势,发现当ISO气旋(反气旋)性环流中心与热带气旋中心重合时,热带气旋路径会发生突然的右折。 相似文献
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1引言纵观近十多年来影响我国的热带气旋所造成的损失,分析各种客观预报模式中出现的大误差样本,主要是由一些为数不多,难度较大的热带气旋所引起的。在这方面,国内外曾做过不少研究,虽然在热带气旋路径的分析与预报方面取得了一定的进展[1-3],但对路径异常,移速突变的热带气旋效果是不够理想的。众所周知,热带气旋的气候特征是热带气旋分析预报必不可少的参考依据,它本身可作为预报的第一近似值。在资料不足的低纬热带洋面和长期预报中,气候规律尤其重要。在预报热带气旋移动路径时,对当时的环境流场背景和各种影响因素的具体分… 相似文献
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西北太平洋不同路径下热带气旋快速加强统计特征及影响因子分析 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
利用2002—2011年JTWC最佳路径资料和NCEP的1°×1°全球最终分析资料以及热带气旋年鉴,分析了西北太平洋不同路径下热带气旋(TC)快速加强(RI)的时空分布特征,并对不同路径下快速加强(RITC)和缓慢加强(Non-RITC)两组TC进行合成分析和对比分析。结果表明:转向路径发生RI频率最大,且转向路径中西转向的TC最易发生RI过程;其次是东北和西北行路径。在时间分布上,各个路径下RI的月际和日变化具有不同的位相分布特征;在空间分布上,大多数RI过程发生在菲律宾和台湾岛以东洋面,西行路径在南海北部也出现较多RI过程,转向路径RI过程多发生在转向处。各个路径下RITC与Non-RITC环境场存在较明显差异,RITC对流层上层的南亚高压相对较弱,中低层副高相对较强,对流层低层存在较大的相对湿度,且湿度大值区域位于TC移动方向前侧。不同路径下的快速加强的环境影响因素也有所不同。 相似文献
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This study investigated the simulations of three months of seasonal tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific using the Advanced Research WRF Model. In the control experiment (CTL), the TC frequency was considerably overestimated. Additionally, the tracks of some TCs tended to have larger radii of curvature and were shifted eastward. The large-scale environments of westerly monsoon flows and subtropical Pacific highs were unreasonably simulated. The overestimated frequency of TC formation was attributed to a strengthened westerly wind field in the southern quadrants of the TC center. In comparison with the experiment with the spectral nudging method, the strengthened wind speed was mainly modulated by large-scale flow that was greater than approximately 1000 km in the model domain. The spurious formation and undesirable tracks of TCs in the CTL were considerably improved by reproducing realistic large-scale atmospheric monsoon circulation with substantial adjustment between large-scale flow in the model domain and large-scale boundary forcing modified by the spectral nudging method. The realistic monsoon circulation took a vital role in simulating realistic TCs. It revealed that, in the downscaling from large-scale fields for regional climate simulations, scale interaction between model-generated regional features and forced large-scale fields should be considered, and spectral nudging is a desirable method in the downscaling method. 相似文献
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Which Features of the SST Forcing Error Most Likely Disturb the Simulated Intensity of Tropical Cyclones? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Among all of the sources of tropical cyclone(TC) intensity forecast errors, the uncertainty of sea surface temperature(SST) has been shown to play a significant role. In the present study, we determine the SST forcing error that causes the largest simulation error of TC intensity during the entire simulation period by using the WRF model with time-dependent SST forcing. The SST forcing error is represented through the application of a nonlinear forcing singular vector(NFSV)structure. For the selected 12 TC cases, the NFSV-type SST forcing errors have a nearly coherent structure with positive(or negative) SST anomalies located along the track of TCs but are especially concentrated in a particular region. This particular region tends to occur during the specific period of the TCs life cycle when the TCs present relatively strong intensity, but are still intensifying just prior to the mature phase, especially within a TC state exhibiting a strong secondary circulation and very high inertial stability. The SST forcing errors located along the TC track during this time period are verified to have the strongest disturbing effect on TC intensity simulation. Physically, the strong inertial stability of TCs during this time period induces a strong response of the secondary circulation from diabatic heating errors induced by the SST forcing error. Consequently, this significantly influences the subsidence within the warm core in the eye region, which,in turn, leads to significant errors in TC intensity. This physical mechanism explains the formation of NSFV-type SST forcing errors. According to the sensitivity of the NFSV-type SST forcing errors, if one increases the density of SST observations along the TC track and assimilates them to the SST forcing field, the skill of TC intensity simulation generated by the WRF model could be greatly improved. However, this adjustment is most advantageous in improving simulation skill during the time period when TCs become strong but are still intensifying just prior to reaching full maturity. In light of this, the region along the TC track but in the time period of TC movement when the NFSV-type SST forcing errors occur may represent the sensitive area for targeting observation for SST forcing field associated with TC intensity simulation. 相似文献
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Impacts of small-scale vortices on typhoon or tropical cyclone(TC) tracks in a system of three components (an idealized subtropical high ridge,a TC,and small-scale vortices) were examined numerically using a barotropic primitive equation model and idealized initial fields.Two small-scale vorticity fields were generated stochastically,where the number of initial small-scale vortices is 100.In the two fields,the number, size,structure as well as the total kinetic energy of the small-scale vortices were all... 相似文献
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风雨影响评估是热带气旋预报预警服务中的一项重要工作,而热带气旋风雨影响的历史气候数据是支撑这一工作的重要依据。以深圳为例,提出了建立热带气旋数据库系统的技术思路,该系统实现了以下几种功能:1)热带气旋数据的后台自动入库;2)关键区和相似离度相结合的相似台风的自动检索和风雨影响分析;3)直观展示广东沿海各市登陆的热带气旋的风雨影响气候概况;4)热带气旋风雨影响等级的自动提示。通过该系统,预报员可以高效、快速地查询历史相似路径或相同登陆点的热带气旋风雨影响情况,从而为分析当前热带气旋可能造成的风雨影响评估提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Assessing the Influence of the ENSO on Tropical Cyclone Prevailing Tracks in the Western North Pacific 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Using a statistical model for simulating tropical cyclone (TC) formation and a trajectory model for simulating TC tracks, the influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the peak-season (July-September) TC prevailing tracks in the western North Pacific basin is assessed based on 14 selected El Nino and 14 selected La Nina years during the period 1950-2007. It is found that the combination of statistical formation model and a trajectory model can simulate well the primary features of TC prevai... 相似文献