东海西湖凹陷平湖组层序地层划分

共识别出平湖组5个三级层序界面T63、T53(Sb1)、T43(Sb2)、T23(Sb3)、T03(Sb4)和3个体系域界面f1、T33(f2)、f3。平湖组共有6个段,可划分出3个沉积旋回。平湖六段未见底,沉积旋回性不清,平湖五段为SⅢ1,平湖四段和三段组成SⅢ2,平湖二段和一段划分为SⅢ3。本区短周期(四级层序)海平面变化曲线的包络线(相当于三级层序)和全球海平面三级周期的变化曲线基本一致,反映全球海平面变化对本区层序发育有明显的影响。     

东海外陆架EA01孔末次冰期最盛期的三角洲沉积

对东海 EA 0 1孔 (30°2 2 .96 15′ N、 12 5°4 5 .6 0 5 5′ E)岩心的沉积层序、粒度成分、沉积物年代、底栖有孔虫组合及其沉积环境的研究 ,揭示了东海外陆架末次冰期最盛期的三角洲沉积。钻孔 0 .36～ 2 9.6 5 m为一不完整的进积三角洲沉积层序 ,自下而上依次为前三角洲、河口沙坝和分流间湾的交替沉积 ;末次冰期三角洲的发育 ,表明了冰期低海面时期外陆架上的继承性沉降盆地仍被海水覆盖 ;盆地的区域沉降与海平面的共同作用形成了容纳沉积物的有效空间 ,捕获了河流带来的沉积物而形成三角洲 ,这是河流对海平面变化和构造下沉的响应 ,同时也反映了冰期陆架环境的多样性     

IODP347航次——波罗的海的古环境

IODP347航次的目标是在波罗的海不同的地点获取末次间冰期—冰期时期的沉积物,重点解决4个主要科学问题。它们是:(1)气候和海平面动态变化,包括MIS 5期的起始与结束;(2)末次冰期MIS4-MIS 2期变化的复杂性;(3)冰期和全新世(MIS 2-MIS1)的气候特征;(4)波罗的海盆地(BSB)深部生物圈。BSB作为欧洲最大的陆内海盆地,巨厚、连续且完整的沉积记录时限可达14万年,这里的高沉积速率提供了一个     

U37K,δ18O沉积地层记录:南海北部末次盛冰期以来SST和海面变化

应用U37^K和δ^18O重建末次盛冰期以来海水古温度和海平面变化，U37^K-SST沉积记录表现了冰期／间冰期模式．U37^K-SST在冰后期23．3-26．9℃；末次盛冰期22．2-23．8℃．末次盛冰期时古温度比目前平均低4．7℃，南海北部季节性温差冰后期在4．5-7．0℃；末次盛冰期在7．0-9．0℃，远远超过同一纬度太平洋季节温差．末次冰期以来在气候降温的同时，伴有海平面下降，气候的冷暖交替对海平面变化具有决定性的控制意义．     

黄东海及邻近陆架晚第四纪层序地层

概述了近年来黄东海晚第四纪地层的最新研究进展，总结了末次冰期最盛期以来的层序地层模式，即：本区域的海平面呈阶梯式变化，可区分为低水位、海侵、高水位3大沉积体系域。     

UK37,δ18 O沉积地层记录:南海北部末次盛冰期以来SST和海面变化

应用UK37和δ18 O重建末次盛冰期以来海水古温度和海平面变化,UK37-SST沉积记录表现了冰期/间冰期模式.UK37-SST在冰后期23.3～26.9℃;末次盛冰期22.2～23.8℃.末次盛冰期时古温度比目前平均低4.7℃,南海北部季节性温差冰后期在4.5～7.0℃;末次盛冰期在7.0～9.0℃,远远超过同一纬度太平洋季节温差.末次冰期以来在气候降温的同时,伴有海平面下降,气候的冷暖交替对海平面变化具有决定性的控制意义.     

山东荣成成山头“柳夼红层”的层序、划分与成因及其气候意义())

“柳夼红层”可分两段。上段为一套风成砂层与土壤粘土层相互叠置的旋回性沉积,偏下部夹有冲洪积砂砾层。共发现8个一级界面,可分出9个冷、暖气候旋回,是我国北方沿岸末次冰期的良佳记录。下段为土壤化砂质粘土层,属于末次间冰期的地质记录。“柳夼红层”风成沉积的环境标志明显,三级序次界面清晰,冷、暖环境交替频繁,对末次冰期气候期的划分对比是有意义的。     

古老的珊瑚与海平面

众所周知,末次冰期最盛期结束后(大约2万年前),世界大洋的海平面上升了150多米。在大约13万年前的前一个问冰期,大体上类似的情况也发生过。融化过程进行得不均匀,在总的背景下的南极洲和北冰洋都可以划分出巨大冰山的快速脱离幕。     

渤海百万年以来的海侵记录:BH08孔有孔虫和介形类证据

对渤海南部BH08孔275个沉积物样品进行了有孔虫和介形类定量分析,依据化石群落特征及其指示的沉积环境,在孔深180m以上地层中识别出16个海相层,从上到下依次命名为第1海相层(M1)至第16海相层(M16)。应用Yao等(2014)所建立的BH08孔冰期/间冰期地层层序和年龄框架,初步树立起1 Ma以来能与全球深海氧同位素分期(MIS)相对应的海相层序,其中M1和M2为末次冰期后沉积,M3发生在MIS 3期,M4、M5和M6分别对应于MIS 5.1、MIS 5.3和MIS 5.5,M7至M16分别与MIS 7至MIS 25相对应。依据化石群落特征所反映的沉积环境,16个海相层的海相性程度由强到弱依次为:远岸内陆架(M9)、受径流少许影响的内陆架中部浅海或滨岸浅海(M1和M2)、受径流明显影响的近河口滨岸浅海或前三角洲(M6、M7、M8、M10和M13上部)、河流强烈作用下的三角洲前缘、河口边滩或有河流注入的半封闭半咸水泻湖(M3、M4、M5、M11、M12和M14—M16)和潮上带低盐度浅湖、沼泽(M3顶部、M4中一些薄层和M16底部)。     

深沪湾末次冰期以来的地层结构及古环境演变

通过深沪湾高分辨率浅地层剖面声学地层和地质钻孔沉积地层的对比,并结合沉积物的粒度、微体古生物以及AMS14C测年的综合分析,揭示了研究区晚更新世末次冰期以来的地层层序,探讨了深沪湾的古环境演变。深沪湾高分辨率浅地层剖面自上而下划分的5个声学地层单元与钻孔岩芯划分的5个沉积地层单元具有较好的对应关系。8.2 ka BP左右,全新世海侵使得海水进入深沪湾海域,海平面低于现今海平面10~12 m,气候凉爽;7 ka BP左右海水到达现今海平面位置,并于6 ka BP左右到达最高,约比现今海平面高2~3 m,气候温暖湿润,这一时期,近岸大量裸子植物被海水淹没并被沉积物快速掩埋;5 850~5 642 a BP研究区温度降低,该降温活动持续到2 ka BP左右,气候凉爽干燥;2 ka BP以来温度逐渐上升,600 a BP左右有一个相对冷期,之后温度又逐渐上升至现今水平。     

Delta formation at the southern entrance of Istanbul Strait (Marmara sea, Turkey): a new interpretation based on high-resolution seismic stratigraphy

A detailed stratigraphic investigation based on high-resolution seismic profiles revealed that the delta at the southern entrance of the Istanbul Strait consists of three parasequence sets. The lowermost parasequence shows a sea-level stillstand at the beginning of the lowstand systems tract, possibly at 11,000±1,100 a b.p., whereas the upper two parasequences reflect deposition at lowstand and during the subsequent transgression. A maximum flooding surface may be developing on the delta at present. The delta is located on the eastern side of the Istanbul Strait canyon, with east–west prograding parasequences. The development of the delta is clearly associated with the Kurbağalı Stream on the east coast, and not with the Black Sea outflow through the strait. The geometry of the delta indicates a radial architecture arranged from northeast to southwest.     

Sequence model and its application to a Miocene shelf–slope system in the tectonically active Ulleung Basin margin, East Sea (Sea of Japan)

In a broader application of sequence stratigraphic concept to a tectonically active margin setting, this study presents a sequence model that considers all three controls on sequence development (i.e. eustasy, tectonic movement and sediment supply) as independent variables. The model introduces six sequence types (A to F) including type 1 and type 2 sequences defined in the original Exxon scheme. Each sequence shows a variety in number and stacking pattern of its constituent parasequence sets reflecting combined effects of accommodation change and sediment supply. This model is applied to a seismic sequence analysis of the shelf–slope system (middle to upper Miocene) in the southwestern margin of Ulleung Basin which has experienced significant crustal deformation during the Tertiary back-arc opening and subsequent closing of the East Sea (Sea of Japan). The model application delineates four sequence types whose development is closely associated with the tectonic evolution of the Ulleung Basin margin. During the back-arc opening (early to middle Miocene), type A and B sequences were emplaced as a result of steady creation of accommodation space due to a rapid subsidence combined with a tectonic-controlled high to moderate rate of sediment supply. The sequences associated with the extensional tectonism are characterized by active progradation and aggradation without forced regressive phases. In the initiation stage of back-arc closure (middle to late Miocene), subsidence rates were significantly reduced because of a widespread contractional deformation, while subaerial erosion of the uplifted thrust belt resulted in an increase in sedimentation rate. As a result, steady prograding type-E sequences were formed by alternating normal and forced regressions. During the quiescent phase of back-arc closure in the late Miocene, rise-dominant fluctuating relative sea-level change and moderate to low sediment supply gave rise to type-F sequences (similar to type-1 sequences of the Exxon group) reflecting a major control of eustatic sea-level change.     

鲁中黄土粒度特征及其成因探讨

鲁中黄土是风成的,主要由低空地方风系（北向风）搬运的近源物质堆积而成,其次是高空气流携带而来的内陆远源物质;主要物源区为冰期裸霞的莱州湾海底和黄泛平原。粗颗粒含量变化一较好地反映本区气候的冷暖周期变化。中更新世中后期本区开始转冷,发育离石黄土;末次间冰期时,气候温湿形成厚层Ｓ１;到末次冰期气候变得更为干冷,冬季风效应增强,粗颗粒含量增多。到全新世气候向现代气候转变,但在转暖的过程中有短回冷事件,形     

Linking diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy in fluvial and shallow marine sandstones: Evidence from the Cambrian-Ordovician lower sandstone unit in southwestern Sinai, Egypt

By integrating diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy, the distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impact on reservoir quality was investigated within a sequence stratigraphic framework using the fluvial and shallow marine sandstones in the Cambrian-Ordovician succession of southwest Sinai. The perographic and geochemical analysis of the studied sandstone revealed that the eogenetic alterations display fairly systematic spatial and temporal distribution patterns within the lowstand system tract and transgressive system tract, as well as along the sequence stratigraphic surfaces (i.e., sequence boundaries, transgressive surfaces and parasequence boundaries). During relative sea-level fall, percolation of meteoric waters through sandstones of the LST and below sequence and parasequence boundaries resulted in extensive dissolution of detrital grains and formation of kaolinite, authigenic K-feldspar and feldspar overgrowths as well as formation of mechanical infiltrated clays around the detrital grains. During relative sea-level rise, invasion of marine water into the sandstones as a consequence of landward migration of the shoreline, as well as low sedimentation rates encountered in the TST, resulted in the formation of glauconite, apatite and pyrite. Development of pseudomatrix, which was formed by mechanical compaction of mud intraclasts, is mostly abundant along transgressive surfaces and parasequence boundaries of the TST, and is related to the abundance of mud intraclasts in the transgressive lag deposits.The types and extent of eogenetic alterations have an important impact on the distribution of the mesogenetic alterations, including the formation of quartz overgrowths and dickite.Distribution of mesogenetic quartz overgrowths in the sandstones was controlled by the distribution of mechanically infiltrated clays and the presence of eogenetic cement. Sandstones that remained poorly cemented during eodiagenesis and that have thin or discontinuous infiltrated clay rims around the detrital grains were cemented during mesodiagenesis by quartz. The absence of extensive eogenetic cements in the sandstones suggested that the partial deterioration of porosity was mainly due to mechanical compaction. Partial transformation of kaolinite to dickite, which indicates neomorphic change to a better-ordered and more stable crystal structure at the elevated temperatures during mesodiagenesis, is partially a function of distribution of kaolinite during eodiagenesis.The conceptual model developed in this study shows the diagenetic evolutionary pathways in the reservoir sandstones within a sequence stratigraphic context, which in turn provides some insights into the controls on reservoir heterogeneity.     

Applying seismic geomorphology to delineate switched sequence stratigraphic architecture in lacustrine rift basins: An example from the Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea

Switched sequence stratigraphic architectural units were developed in the Eocene Wenchang Formation stratigraphic section of the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), northern South China Sea. Utilizing a high-quality 3D seismic data set, well logs and restored paleogeomorphology, the architecture and genesis of switched sequence stratigraphic units have been systematically investigated. The Wenchang Formation, a second-order sequence, can be subdivided into seven third-order sequences (from base to top: SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, SQ4, SQ5, SQ6, and SQ7). The sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Wenchang Formation is characterized by continuous lateral stacking patterns from sequences SQ1 to SQ7. Sequences SQ1–SQ4 mainly developed in the HZ26 sag, whereas sequences SQ5–SQ7 mainly developed in the XJ24 sag. The depositional centres of the Wenchang Formation appear to have migrated from the HZ26 sag to the XJ24 sag-along the northwest direction from sequences SQ1 to SQ7. Multiple tectonic activation episodes or alternating tectonic subsidence of the HZ26 and XJ24 sags resulted in the distinctive geomorphological features that effected the development of the switched sequence stratigraphic architecture in the study area. The switched sequence stratigraphic architecture presented in this study may provide new insights into a better understanding of sequence stratigraphic stacking patterns in continental lacustrine rift basins.     

Global sea-level control on local parasequence architecture from the Holocene record of the Po Plain,Italy

Holocene deposits exhibit distinct, predictable and chronologically constrained facies patterns that are quite useful as appropriate modern analogs for interpreting the ancient record. In this study, we examined the sedimentary response of the Po Plain coastal system to short-term (millennial-scale) relative fluctuations of sea level through high-resolution sequence-stratigraphic analysis of the Holocene succession.Meters-thick parasequences form the building blocks of stratigraphic architecture. Above the Younger Dryas paleosol, a prominent stratigraphic marker that demarcates the transgressive surface, Early Holocene parasequences (#s 1–3) record alternating periods of rapid flooding and gradual shoaling, and are stacked in a retrogradational pattern that mostly reflects stepped, post-glacial eustatic rise. Conversely, Middle to Late Holocene parasequences (#s 4–8) record a complex, pattern of coastal progradation and delta upbuilding that took place following sea-level stabilization at highstand, starting at about 7 cal ky BP. The prominent transgressive surface at the base of parasequence 1 correlates with the period of rapid, global sea-level rise at the onset of the Holocene (MWP-1B), whereas flooding surfaces associated with parasequences 2 and 3 apparently reflect minor Early Holocene eustatic jumps reported in the literature. Changes in shoreline trajectory, parasequence architecture and lithofacies distribution during the following eustatic highstand had, instead, an overwhelming autogenic component, mostly driven by river avulsions, delta lobe switching, local subsidence and sediment compaction. We document a ∼1000-year delayed response of the coastal depositional system to marine incursion, farther inland from the maximum landward position of the shoreline. A dramatic reduction in sediment flux due to fluvial avulsion resulted in marine inundation in back-barrier position, whereas coastal progradation was simultaneously taking place basinwards.We demonstrate that the landward equivalents of marine flooding surfaces (parasequence boundaries) may be defined by brackish and freshwater fossil assemblages, and traced for tens of kilometers into the non-marine realm. This makes millennial-scale parasequences, whether auto- or allogenic in origin, much more powerful than systems tracts for mapping detailed extents and volumes of sediment bodies.The Holocene parasequences of the Po coastal plain, with strong age control and a detailed understanding of sea-level variation, may provide insight into the driving mechanisms and predictability of successions characterized by similar depositional styles, but with poor age constraint, resulting in more robust interpretations of the ancient record.     

现代黄河三角洲钓口叶瓣不良地质现象

根据对钓口三角洲叶瓣体的钻孔、浅地层剖面调查资料,研究了钓口叶瓣体垂向地层结构特点,分析了因其所导致的潜在不良地质现象,如:地面沉降以及不均匀沉降、土体液化、软弱层及底辟、滑坡、差异冲刷,总结了其特征、成因模式及危害。因钓口叶瓣的地层结构特点与现代黄河三角洲整体地层结构特点相似,其所导致的不良地质现象也普遍存在于现代黄河三角洲。该区为埕岛油田所在地,在该区进行工程建设,应对这些可能存在的不良地质现象引起重视。     

南海琼东南盆地新生代构造层序研究

基于南海琼东南盆地到目前为止还没有一个统一的构造层序划分方案的问题,在前人研究工作基础上,通过大量的二维地震构造层序闭合解释,从地震不整合面和构造发育特征识别出发,对新生代主要构造层序进行详细解剖。进一步结合对南海北部琼东南盆地新生代二维地震数据的精细综合分析,重新厘定了其新生代构造层序,并进行了构造层序的识别和划分。结果表明：按古构造运动面可将盆地充填序列划分为上、中、下三个构造层序,分别对应于盆地演化的三个阶段性。着重论述了三个构造层序的结构特征、叠加构造样式、构造层序发育特征、层序分布特征、沉积体系类型和盆地断裂演化序列之间的关系等,以期为今后的研究奠定基础。     

Neogene sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Nile Delta,Egypt: A micropaleontological perspective

The sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Neogene section from the subsurface Nile Delta is resolved based on exceptionally well-preserved microfossils from the offshore NDOB-1 borehole. The architecture is configured on bathymetry variations and statistical parameters as deduced from the relative abundance of foraminiferal associations. The statistical parameters include ratios of planktic versus benthic foraminifera, and cluster and correspondence analysis of the twelve most commonly used benthic foraminiferal genera as proxies of water depths. The combination of cluster and correspondence analysis was employed to decipher the evolution and dynamics of the basin and the mechanisms that controlled the deposition of Neogene sequences in the Nile Delta region. Four basic environmental settings were recognized: 1.) a middle to outer neritic eutrophic setting, 2.) a middle to outer neritic mesotrophic setting, 3.) an outer neritic to upper bathyal mesotrophic setting and 4.) an upper bathyal mesotrophic setting.Eight stratigraphic sequences were identified in the Neogene Nile Delta section. Three sequence in the Miocene (MSeq1, MSeq2 and MSeq3), three in the Pliocene (PSeq1, PSeq2 and PSeq3) and two in the Pleistocene (PtSeq1 and PtSeq2). These sequences are systematically measured and described in terms of time, space and water bathymetry. The sequence boundaries and flooding surfaces were dated using high-resolution microfossil biochronology and stratigraphic index markers. Individual sequences and boundaries were correlated with international and local sequence stratigraphic models. The new sequence stratigraphic model established here provides age calibrated surfaces for inter-basinal correlations and opens new avenues for hydrocarbon reservoir exploration.     

Multi-sourced depositional sequences in the Neogene to Quaternary succession of the Venice area (northern Italy)

The Plio-Pleistocene succession of the Venice area represents part of the infill of a foreland region located between three mountain chains: the Northern Apennines, the Southern Alps and the Dinarides. This structural setting favored the development of a complex stratigraphic architecture of the succession, mostly due to the conveying of sediments from the Southern Alps to the north and the Northern Apennines to the south, in particular since the activation of strong subsidence related to the NE-ward migration of the Apennine foredeep in the early Pleistocene. Accordingly, the studied succession is composed of five third-order sequences mostly controlled by tectonics, the most recent of which display complex patterns due to the interfingering of sedimentary bodies showing contrasting directions of progradation and pinch-out. Despite this, the sequence stratigraphic method still can be applied in the present context, allowing to recognize diagnostic stratal architectures and reconstruct the relative sea-level history of the region. Moreover, the recognized peculiar stratigraphic architecture of the basin fill may serve as an analogue that needs to be taken into account to predict the distribution of porous coarse-grained sedimentary units in similar contexts, aiding for a profitable exploration and production of reservoirs and source/sealing rocks.