四川石棉蛇纹石猫眼热相变的Raman光谱和XRD研究

采用Raman光谱和X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)方法对四川蛇纹石猫眼的热相变过程和产物进行的研究表明,蛇纹石猫眼热相变的最终产物为镁橄榄石和顽火辉石。加热到500℃,蛇纹石猫眼的结构稳定;700℃,时,镁橄榄石的拉曼特征峰824cm^-1和854cm^-1出现,同时出现非晶质顽火辉石686cm^-1和341cm^-1附近的包络峰;800～900℃时,镁橄榄石的含量和结晶程度增强。晶质顽火辉石相出现,但强度较弱。1000℃时,镁橄榄石的含量明显降低。1100℃时,顽火辉石的含量和结晶程度显著增加。     

辽宁岫岩叶蛇纹石热处理产物的矿物学特征

对辽宁岫岩叶蛇纹石进行了热活化处理，通过差热—热重分析(DTA—TG)、X射线粉晶衍射分析(XRD)、红外光谱分析(IR)和扫描电镜分析(SEM)，发现热活化温度达到500℃时，叶蛇纹石八面体片中的羟基开始显著脱失，并出现镁橄榄石新物相，但仍然保持层的结构；当温度达到550℃时，叶蛇纹石的层状结构被完全破坏；温度升高到650℃时，镁橄榄石结晶度增高，并出现顽火辉石新物相；当温度达到1050℃时，镁橄榄石的含量略有减少，并出现较多的晶质顽火辉石物相。     

波伏棱（Povlen）型羟基纤蛇纹石的谱学研究

波伏棱型羟基纤蛇纹石是波伏棱型纤蛇纹石矿物的新变种,本文报导它的吸收光谱、红外光谱、穆斯堡尔谱、电子顺磁共振谱和核磁共振谱。 研究表明,吸收光谱是Fe~(3 )和Fe~(2 )的晶场跃迁以及Fe~(2 )→Fe~(3 )的荷移跃迁引起的;红外光谱是OH和Si-O的伸缩振动、OH转动以及Mg-O和Si-O的弯曲振动引起的;穆斯堡尔谱是Fe~(2 )_(八面体)、Fe~(3 )_(八面体)和Fe~(3 )_(四面体)引起的;电子顺磁共振谱是Mn~(2 )_(八面体)、Fe~(3 )_(八面体)和Fe~(3 )_(四面体)引起的;核磁共振谱是管道水,镁八面体和硅氧四面体上的OH引起的;矿物加热到825℃时,结构开始破坏并出现镁橄榄石相。 此外,本文还解释了该蛇纹石颜色的本质,阐明了上述过渡金属离子和OH在该矿物中的结构环境。     

四川石棉县蛇纹石猫眼的红外吸收光谱研究

采用Fourier变换红外吸收光谱和X射线粉晶衍射技术对四川石棉县蛇纹石猫眼进行了研究。红外吸收光谱结果表明:四川蛇纹石猫眼可分为纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石两种类型,两者在(960-1100)cm-1和(3600-3690)cm-1的范围内由Si-O伸缩振动的E1类振动和OH伸缩振动表现出的红外谱带分裂强度及谱带特征存在明显的差异。在(960- 1100)cm-1间:纤蛇蚊石的红外光谱分裂成三个明显的谱带,而叶蛇纹石在此区间只有两条谱带。在570cm-1附近的红外谱带以肩状出现;OH伸缩振动区:纤蛇蚊石出现两条红外谱带,而叶蛇蚊石只出现一条红外谱带。X射线粉晶衍射结果表明:叶蛇蚊石具有d202=0．2522nm(I/I0=19)和d203=0．2430nm(I／I0=18)的特征谱线,而纤蛇纹石则具有d202、006=0．2446nm(I／I0=29)的特征谱线,d020>0．245nm近0．249 nm的特征谱线缺失。     

家兔桡骨的红外光谱及其意义

本文提供了家兔桡骨及其加热样品的红外光谱。根据红外光谱资料,讨论了骨矿物的无机成分和矿化过程。实验结果表明,比值I_(1600cm~(-1))/I_(571cm~(-1))对新骨生长时间的关系曲线,可以作为新骨钙化(新骨长成)的一种标志。     

碱度对水热合成纤蛇纹石纳米管的影响研究

为克服天然纤蛇纹石纳米管在量子组装应用上存在的不易提纯、易被伴生矿物堵塞、管径不均等缺点,以活性MgO和纳米SiO2为原料,采用水热法在不同碱度下合成了系列纤蛇纹石样品.时合成样品的X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)以及扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,在200℃.pH值大于13的条件下反应60 h以上能够合成结晶度比较完善的纤蛇纹石;碱度的提高有利于纤蛇纹石氢氧镁石层和硅氧四面体层的生长,并促使两者结合更为紧密,晶胞参数b0值增大,结构层更易卷曲,纤蛇纹石的纤维管状结构更加完善,结晶度提高,纤维的晶体轮廓更加清晰,直径更为均一,长度增加;最后确认在200℃.pH 13.8,反应60 h条件下合成纤蛇纹石纳米管的直径约50 nm.长度多在600nm以上,长度上优于前人的合成.     

俯冲带温度条件下橄榄石中硅氧四面体的非谐振动:透射红外光谱研究

橄榄石既是上地幔的主要矿物,又是俯冲板块的主要矿物。在正常地幔温度条件下,橄榄石中原子之间的振动是非谐振动,这已成为学界共识;然而,对于俯冲带的较低温情况,橄榄石中原子之间的振动的非谐性是否重要,目前还没有比较一致的结论。本研究利用透射红外光谱的方法,系统研究了室温下不同厚度橄榄石中硅氧四面体的红外光谱特征,并着重对其在2100~1500cm-1区域形成的二倍频峰/合频峰进行了指认。在此基础上,本研究通过采集不同温度下的透射红外光谱数据(最高温度达约450℃),确立了橄榄石中硅氧四面体的相应基频峰及二倍频峰峰位对温度的依赖性,进而得出其相应红外振动的非谐系数(χ)随温度(T)的变化关系,具体为:χ838=6.37(2)×10-7×T+0.0014(1)及χ993=7.86(3)×10-7×T+0.0015(1),其中温度的单位为℃。外推到600℃时,有χ838=0.0018(1)及χ993=0.0020(2)。这些结果表明,在俯冲带的较低温条件下,橄榄石中硅氧四面体的内部振动的非谐性可能不重要。     

与纤蛇紋石石棉共生矿物的红外光谱特征

蛇纹石族矿物的红外吸收光谱在国外早已有所研究。近年来,国内也有文章对蛇纹石族矿物的红外吸收光谱特征进行了详细的论述。但是,对于纤蛇纹石及与其共生矿物的红外吸收光谱特征均未进行过深入研究。本文就中国蛇纹石石棉矿山中常见的纤蛇纹石共生矿物组合的红外光谱特征进行初步探讨。本文研究的样品主要来自四个矿区:四川石棉矿、新康石棉矿、陕西大安石棉矿和吉林集安石棉矿。约200多个石棉样品。我们对这些样品进行了红外扫描并对所得图谱进行了鉴定和对比。选出了具有代表性共生组合的红外图谱。通过实验我们发现,在我国常     

内蒙古索伦地区中二叠统哲斯组有机质的拉曼光谱特征及地质意义

笔者研究了内蒙古索伦地区中二叠统哲斯组泥质岩石中有机质的激光拉曼光谱特征,并探讨了拉曼光谱参数对有机质热演化程度的表征。研究区样品D1谱带吸收峰平均值位于1 350.55 cm~(-1)附近,G谱带吸收峰平均值位于1 602.55 cm~(-1)附近,G谱带与D1谱带的位置差变化于252.00±;G谱带与D1谱带的面积比集中在0.52附近,表明有机质经历的热演化温度约为250℃。应用拉曼光谱地质温度计估算了有机质的热演化温度,其平均温度为265℃;采用镜质体反射率地质温度计估算的有机质热演化平均温度为273℃,两者吻合。综合分析部分估算温度偏高的原因,结合无机矿物的成因标志,揭示研究区中二叠统哲斯组地层经历的极低级变质温度可能250℃。     

吉林蛇纹石玉特征初步研究

对产自吉林省白山市抚松县沿江乡的蛇纹石玉样品分别从地质背景、激光诱导离解光谱、X射线粉末衍射和红外吸收光谱等方面进行了研究,并与辽宁岫玉样品进行了对比。结果表明,吉林蛇纹石玉样品的主要颜色为深浅不一的绿色,主要含Si,Al,Cr,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca,Sr和Na等元素,其中Ca与Mg的谱线较强,Al,Mn与Sr的质量分数少;X射线粉末衍射结果显示,样品的主要矿物组成为纤蛇纹石,红外光谱结果也显示了其具有纤蛇纹石峰值的特征。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)