赣东北地区双桥山群碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究

双桥山群是赣东北地区重要的岩石单元之一,其年代学研究一直备受关注。本文对赣东北地区双桥山群凝灰质板岩和粉砂质板岩中的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析。碎屑锆石年代学测试结果显示4个主要年龄区间:591～634 Ma(峰值601 Ma)、803～837 Ma(峰值831 Ma)、866～1019 Ma(峰值910 Ma)和 1800 Ma。其中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄组591～634 Ma峰期601 Ma的年龄,可能限定了双桥山群最大的沉积年龄;而803～837 Ma(峰值831 Ma)指示其物源可能源于江南造山带东段新元古代造山过程的岛弧火山岩; 866～1019 Ma峰期年龄为910 Ma的年龄与皖南-赣东北地区的基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩的形成时代基本一致; 1800 Ma的年龄组与扬子陆块1.8～1.9 Ga锆石年龄相一致。赣东北地区双桥山群碎屑锆石U-Pb测年结果中,出现828 Ma和1800 Ma的碎屑锆石特征年龄峰值,显示它们具有与扬子地块的亲缘性,同时又含有大量的～1.0 Ga碎屑锆石,这些特征年龄相似于格林威尔期的华夏地块,说明在新元古代晚期存在的沉积盆地具有来自扬子和华夏板块的双向物源。     

吉林省蛟河市东北部红山组碎屑岩中碎屑锆石年龄信息及物源分析

吉林省蛟河市东北部红山组浅变质碎屑岩沉积时限上限在250 Ma左右,其中粉砂质板岩碎屑锆石年龄范围在867 ～ 184Ma,泥质粉砂岩碎屑锆石年龄范围在810 ～181Ma,两者碎屑锆石年龄大致可分为7个年龄段.结合近年来区域研究成果,充分说明蛟河市东北部红山组浅变质碎屑岩物质来源于佳木斯地块等不同时期不同构造活动单元中,具有多物源特征,对研究吉中乃至东北地区地壳演化具有重要意义.     

赣东北景德镇双桥山群火山碎屑凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征

为探讨赣东北景德镇地区双桥山群的沉积时代与物质来源,对该区双桥山群安乐林组地层中发育的一套变火山碎屑凝灰岩夹层进行了年代学、地球化学及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究。结果显示,该套火山碎屑凝灰岩的岩性主要为英安岩、安山岩,凝灰岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(809±2)Ma,表明该套岩石形成于新元古代。凝灰岩锆石的Hf同位素组成变化范围较广,其中二阶模式年龄为1426~2313 Ma,主要集中于1.7~2.3 Ga之间,其ε_(Hf)(t)均为负值-2.6~-16.5,t_(DM2)模式年龄远大于U-Pb年龄,表明该组岩石的岩浆来源于元古代地壳物质的再循环。     

皖赣鄣公山地区新元古代地壳组成及造山过程

皖赣相邻的鄣公山地区位处江南造山带北缘,区内广布一套厚度巨大、低绿片岩相变质的以泥砂质细碎屑岩为主含少量火山物质的复理石建造体,大量高精度同位素测年数据显示,其形成于821～840Ma间的新元古代早期,以景德镇-鄣源-伏川区域断裂带为界,南部为形成于大陆边缘拉张构造环境下的溪口岩群;北部的双桥山群火山-陆缘细碎屑岩系是与岛弧有关盆地中的沉积物。北东—南西向展布于鄣公山北坡的蚀变枕状-块状基性火山熔岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩等基性岩类呈构造碎块或碎片产出于溪口岩群火山-陆缘细碎屑岩组成的复理石基质中,通过对其产出地质特征及岩石地球化学特征等的分析,认为其形成于低速扩张的陆缘小洋盆扩张脊环境,具初始洋壳基性岩特征,属皖南伏川蛇绿岩西延组成部分。呈夹层产出于双桥山群地层中的大量玻屑晶屑凝灰岩及少量变安山岩、变流纹岩等具相似的岩石地球化学特征,属中钾钙碱性岩石系列,形成于大陆边缘火山弧构造环境。综合区内沉积事件、岩浆事件和构造事件等,提出皖赣相邻区新元古代经历了古扬子板块东南缘裂开-陆缘小洋盆有限俯冲-弧陆碰撞造山-造山期后陆壳裂陷沉积的构造演化过程。     

浙江浦江新元古界平水群沉积特征、碎屑锆石年龄及构造古地理格局探讨

本文应用LA-ICP-MS对浙江浦江地区平水群陈塘坞组砂岩样品进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年,获得最年轻锆石峰值年龄为828±3.8 Ma,代表了该套地层沉积时代的下限,结合陈塘坞组凝灰岩中获得的SHRIMP锆石UPb年龄825.3±8.1 Ma和830±6 Ma,将浦江地区平水群地层时代限定于新元古代中期,并置于富阳地区的双溪坞群和绍兴地区的平水组之上。浦江地区平水群主体为一套浅变质、弱变形的海相火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩和沉积火山碎屑岩,陈塘坞组沉积岩骨架颗粒统计结果表明,火山岩屑含量在60%~80%,沉积岩屑含量在10%~30%之间,长石含量一般在15%~20%之间,石英含量很少,呈次棱角状,无分选,磨圆差,显示了近源特征。其物源为岩浆弧,沉积岩碎屑锆石年龄集中在850~800Ma之间,缺少1000Ma左右及更老的的碎屑锆石,表明陈塘坞组火山碎屑源于沉积同期的火山岩,同时也说明平水群形成于一个新岩浆弧邻近地区。浦江地区平水群与双桥山群无论在时空上还是构造属性上都显示出配套的弧盆体系特征,表明两者存在一定的成因联系。     

皖赣相邻鄣公山地区新元古代地壳组成及造山过程

摘要：皖赣相邻的鄣公山地区位处江南造山带北缘,区内广布一套厚度巨大、低绿片岩相变质的以泥砂质细碎屑岩为主含少量火山物质的复理石建造体,大量高精度同位素测年数据显示,其形成于821-840Ma间的新元古代早期,以景德镇-鄣源-伏川区域断裂带为界,南部为形成于大陆边缘拉张构造环境下的溪口岩群;北部的双桥山群火山-陆缘细碎屑岩系是与岛弧有关盆地中的沉积物。北东-南西向展布于鄣公山北坡的蚀变枕状-块状基性火山熔岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩等基性岩类呈构造碎块或碎片产出于溪口岩群火山-陆缘细碎屑岩组成的复理石基质中,通过对其产出地质特征及岩石地球化学特征等的分析,认为其形成于低速扩张的陆缘小洋盆扩张脊环境,具初始洋壳基性岩特征,属皖南伏川蛇绿岩西延组成部分。呈夹层产出于双桥山群地层中的大量玻屑晶屑凝灰岩及少量安山岩、流纹岩等具相似的岩石地球化学特征,属中钾钙碱性岩石系列,形成于大陆边缘火山弧构造环境。综合区内沉积事件、岩浆事件和构造事件等,提出皖赣相邻区新元古代经历了古扬子板块东南缘裂开－陆缘小洋盆有限俯冲－弧陆碰撞造山－造山期后陆壳裂陷沉积的构造演化过程。     

扬子板块北缘花山群沉积时代及其对Rodinia超大陆裂解的制约

出露于扬子板块北缘大洪山地区的花山群自下而上由一套以砾岩为主的粗碎屑沉积和一套以砂质板岩为主的细碎屑沉积组成,伴随有拉斑玄武质岩浆活动。花山群整体变质程度不高,形成构造环境复杂,对其构造属性及其与区内所谓的花山"蛇绿混杂岩"的时空关系一直存有争议,它们对新元古代Rodinia超大陆在扬子板块北缘的汇聚-裂解响应具有重要的制约意义。笔者在花山群六房咀组下部细砂岩中采集玄武质熔结凝灰岩夹层样品1件,碎屑岩样品2件,在上覆地层南华系莲沱组采集碎屑岩样品1件;对玄武质熔结凝灰岩进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素测年,对碎屑岩样品进行了LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素测年。获得玄武质熔结凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄814.7±7.3 Ma;花山群的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱存在三个明显的峰值:~900 Ma、~2050Ma和~2650 Ma,最显著峰值为~2650 Ma,上覆莲沱组碎屑岩年龄谱的三个峰值为:~900 Ma、~2050 Ma和~2500 Ma,最显著峰值为~2050Ma,三件碎屑岩样品均与扬子板块的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄统计峰值一致。花山群的碎屑源区可能包括下伏中元古代打鼓石群、太古宙鱼洞子杂岩以及崆岭杂岩。结合前人年代学研究资料和区域构造成果分析,花山群沉积时代应为820~815Ma,形成于伸展构造背景,与花山"蛇绿混杂岩"不是同期同构造背景的产物;花山"蛇绿混杂岩"与花山群沉积建造依次反映了扬子板块北缘由挤压构造背景向伸展构造背景的转换过程。花山群中的碎屑沉积物与基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩属于裂解背景下形成的同时代沉积-火山建造;结合前人在扬子板块周缘发现的大量约820 Ma酸性—基性岩浆活动记录以及同时代(820~800 Ma)的沉积地层,推测花山群形成于Rodinia超大陆裂解背景之下,与超级地幔柱活动有关。     

滇西澜沧岩群碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

虽然前人对澜沧岩群做了大量的研究,但缺乏同位素年代学方面的研究。此次研究针对澜沧江南段菖蒲塘-大田山地区澜沧岩群绢白云母石英片岩进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年,为澜沧岩群的形成时代增添年代学证据。极大多数(129粒)锆石阴极发光(CL)图像显示其有明显的结晶振荡环带,指示其为岩浆成因的碎屑锆石,129粒碎屑锆石具有多组峰值年龄,最年轻一组年龄加权平均值为452±26Ma,表明澜沧岩群最早沉积时限不早于452±26Ma;极少数(1粒)锆石具弱阴极发光,缺乏内部结构特点,认为其为变质重结晶锆石,变质结晶锆石U-Pb年龄为255±3Ma,与前人研究所得澜沧岩群变质时代基本吻合。综合分析,澜沧岩群的沉积时限不早于452±26Ma,在二叠纪末期可能发生变质作用。     

北秦岭构造带与华北板块关系探讨:来自宽坪杂岩变碎屑岩锆石U-Pb年代学与变质作用证据

宽坪杂岩是连接北秦岭构造带和华北板块的重要岩石-构造单元之一,其物质组成和变质变形特征可为探讨北秦岭构造带与华北板块构造关系及演化提供重要证据。本文在已有研究基础上,对宝鸡-眉县-洛南一带宽坪变碎屑岩进行了系统的岩石学、矿物学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果表明,宽坪碎屑岩最年轻碎屑锆石年龄峰值为～550Ma,最主要碎屑锆石年龄集中区为～2.5Ga和1.0～0.9Ga,次要年龄集中区为1.3～1.0Ga和850～750Ma。通过与周缘可能物源区的年代学特征对比揭示,宽坪碎屑岩物源主要来自北秦岭新元古代花岗岩与秦岭岩群副片麻岩,部分来自南秦岭和扬子板块北缘新元古代花岗岩以及太古宙基底岩系,缺乏华北板块物质;宽坪碎屑岩的碎屑锆石年龄谱特征与南侧的二郎坪碎屑岩近乎一致,暗示两者可能形成于同一沉积盆地。相平衡模拟结果显示,洛南红土岭宽坪杂岩含石榴子石石英片岩记录了顺时针P-T演化轨迹,峰期变质条件为P=7.17～7.92kbar,T=557～563℃,形成于大陆碰撞过程。结合前人报道宽坪杂岩～440Ma的变质年龄,我们认为在早志留世时期宽坪和二郎坪沉积盆地闭合,北秦岭构造带与华北板块碰撞形成现今的构造格局,在此之前北秦岭构造带与华北板块不具有亲缘性。     

皖南新元古代溪口岩群岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义

皖南溪口岩群为一套浅变质碎屑沉积岩组合,形成于新元古代。该套岩石以高硅(59.36%~81.05%)、高铝(7.80%~19.18%)、贫镁(0.77%~2.93%)为特征,Si O2/Al2O3值变化于3.1~10.4,平均值5.5,反映溪口岩群浅变质碎屑岩的成熟度属于中等偏高;其微量元素特征与大陆岛弧物质类似,高La/Sc和低Cr/Th比值,指示溪口岩群沉积岩主要来源于以长英质火山岩为主的火山弧和大陆上地壳,结合其所处的构造位置,推测溪口岩群的沉积环境为弧后盆地。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.