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随着我国"海洋强国"和"一带一路"战略的实施,海上活动日益频繁,海难事故风险持续增长,海上人员安全问题受到了越来越多的关注。本文以海上搜救区域的确定和搜寻方案的规划两个关键技术为切入点,综述了海上搜救辅助决策关键技术的发展过程和相应的研究成果。首先,针对海上遇险目标的运动特性,介绍了遇险目标漂移模型的发展,概述了漂移轨迹和搜救区域的计算方法;其次,分别对静止和运动目标的搜寻策略进行了回顾与归纳;最后,总结了上述技术在国内外的业务化应用情况,进而探讨了相关技术的未来发展方向。本文旨在为我国海上搜救应急保障体系的建设和重大海难事故应急反应能力的提高提供依据和参考。 相似文献
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利用中尺度气象模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)、无结构网格近岸海洋模式FVCOM(Finite-Volume Coastal and Ocean Model)和基于蒙特卡洛随机统计理论的海上搜救目标漂移轨迹模式Leeway,建立了长江口及邻近海域海上搜救物漂移轨迹预测模型系统。漂移轨迹预测以风和表层海流预报为基础,考虑了包括落水位置和时间、风致漂移方向、搜救目标物状态的不确定性以及风场预报误差带来的漂移路径预测误差,经统计获得搜救目标物可能漂移集合范围。对近年来发生在长江口邻近海域的海难事故后报模拟验证结果证明了Leeway模式在长江口邻近海域的适用性,同时表明所建立的搜救模型系统具有较高的精度,操作方便、时效性高,在搜救业务化预报工作中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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为优化海上搜救资源部署、提高救助成功率,结合层次分析法与模糊综合评价法,从海上搜救的自然环境、辖区信息和行动评估3个方面选取11个指标构建海上搜救困难度评价模型,在验证模型可靠性的基础上,首次对渤海海域开展二维搜救困难度评价和研究。使用成功率来表征搜救困难度并进行时空分布特征分析,成功率越低则困难度越高。结果表明:渤海海上搜救成功率全年分布趋势为海岸线周边海域相对较低,渤海中部海域相对较高。整体来看,夏季成功率远高于其他季节,春、秋季次之,冬季最低。冬季辽东湾及秦皇岛沿岸海域成功率为全年和全海域最低。对渤海沿岸港口海域及中部海域各选1个长期观测的站点开展年变化特征分析,发现同一地点的搜救成功率年变化主要受水温影响,证实了冬季是搜救困难度最高的季节。综上所述,冬季渤海沿岸海域,尤其是辽东湾及秦皇岛沿岸海域为高困难度搜救区,需要加大日常巡逻管理,改善搜救系统部署。 相似文献
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文章根据海上搜救装备现状评估,界定远海深海搜救范围;围绕海上通道安全、海洋经济开发和海洋权益维护等要求,分析远海深海搜救面临的形势和需求;遵循战略引领、军民融合、整体布局和提质增效原则,确定远海深海搜救装备建设总体要求;基于卫星通信监控系统、中远程搜救飞机、大型搜救船舶、深海扫测打捞装备架构体系,制定远海深海搜救装备建设主要任务和保障措施。本文提出的思路已在"十三五"相关专项规划中得到体现和落实。 相似文献
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为了提高现有的海上搜救和绿潮漂移预测模型的预报精度,在2011年7月20日进行了一次落水人员、绿潮和无动力船漂移预测的海上试验。通过分析这三种海上漂移物运移轨迹的实验数据,确立了落水人员、绿潮、以及无动力船在海上漂移轨迹的主要影响因素。实验结果表明,落水人员和绿潮的漂移轨迹比较一致,基本都受限制于海流运动。其中,落水人员相较于绿潮来说受到潮流的作用比较大,风对绿潮的影响相比对落水人员的影响大。无动力船的漂移轨迹与落水人员和绿潮的漂移轨迹略有不同,受潮流往复作用较小。根据海上实验的结果,我们重新确立了搜救模型的中海流和风应力的参数,使得搜救模型的模拟结果更吻合于实验数据。 相似文献
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编辑部: 前一段时间,我在烟台有关涉海的行政部门采访,发现他们对现在的海上抢险救助存在着许多看法。虽然,抢险救生、舍己救人在任何国家,对于任何民族来说都是义不容辞的责任,但就海上救助而言,由于其风险大、投入多,其中的经济补偿各国的做法确各异。 依据《海上交通安全法》,我国的海上搜救 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
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E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献