世界泥炭地有机碳储量和有机碳密度

泥炭地是全球重要的有机碳库,在全球碳循环和气候变化中起着重要作用。在已有的对全球和各大洲泥炭地面积和泥炭储量估算结果的基础上,结合有机碳含量的数据,估算世界、各大洲和主要国家的泥炭地有机碳储量,得到如下结果:世界泥炭地有机碳储量为2 381.34×108t。各大洲泥炭地有机碳储量分布不均,北美洲最为丰富,储量为1 098.64×108t,占总储量的46.14%;其次是欧洲和亚洲,分别占总储量的27.41%和22.89%。由于各国对泥炭地的界定不一致,缺乏泥炭层厚度、泥炭容重等重要指标的基础数据,或者由于这些指标统计核算的口径不同,导致很难对泥炭地有机碳储量进行准确估算。最后分析了影响泥炭地有机碳储量动态变化的主要影响因素,以期为泥炭资源可持续利用和保护泥炭地碳储存功能提供科学依据。     

中国泥炭地有机碳储量分区

在全国泥炭资源调查的基础上(1983～1985年),结合中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所与有关单位多年来在全国各地泥炭调查的成果,根据泥炭的蕴藏形式、泥炭地有机碳的丰富度、泥炭地有机碳集中分布区的地貌单元和区域位置,将泥炭地有机碳按照埋藏类型和储量划分成3类(埋藏类、裸露类和裸露与埋藏兼有类)、5型(极丰富型、丰富型、较丰富型、贫乏型和极贫乏型)和31个分布区。中国泥炭地的蕴藏类型主要为裸露类,主要分布在青藏高原东部的若尔盖高原以及东北地区的山地丘陵,包括5型12个分布区;其次是埋藏类,主要分布在长江中下游平原以及沿海平原,包括4型14个分布区;裸露与埋藏兼有类泥炭地主要分布在云贵高原、晋北张北地区,仅包括4型5个分布区。     

吉林省泥炭资源现状及保护管理对策

吉林省泥炭资源总面积约为400km2,有机碳储量约为4.396×l07t.在对吉林省泥炭资源普查的基础上,阐述了吉林省泥炭资源的分布状况,重点分析了当前吉林省泥炭资源所面临的威胁,这些威胁主要包括泥炭地补水机制遭到破坏、泥炭地面积减少和泥炭地退化等;从加强泥炭地保护体系建设、维护泥炭地补水机制、加强泥炭地恢复和强化泥炭地管理等方面提出了吉林省泥炭资源的保护管理对策,以期为吉林省泥炭资源的合理利用与保护提供科学依据.     

"泥炭气候成因说"的探讨

文章从沼泽有机质积累的本质和泥炭的定义出发,通过对地带性气侯与沼泽小气候、泥炭的现状分布与自然分布、“没有泥炭分布”地区与“不能形成泥炭”地区、地区差异与地带性分异规律等几对矛盾在泥炭形成与分布中的作用和地位的详细剖析,认为：各种地带性气候条件下都能因为地表积水而形成湿地小气候,不同地带内湿地小气候都具有湿润的特征;泥炭沼泽的形成与分布主要是与湿地小气候及积水厌氧环境有关,用与泥炭形成没有直接联系的地带性气候指标来研究泥炭形成与分布的规律性是不合逻辑的;地带性的水热条件主要对泥炭在不同地带的分布面积起到一定的控制作用;泥炭现状分布因为人类活动的影响已不是自然规律的表现,从不能反映泥炭形成与分布自然状况的泥炭现状分布来分析泥炭形成与分布的自然规律,显然也不能得出正确的结论;“没有泥炭分布”的地区并不是因为这里的水热条件组合不能形成泥炭,各自然地带内都可形成泥炭且所有地带内的泥炭特征都是相似的,没有必要将它们区别对待,这些事实说明“泥炭气候成因说”对泥炭形成与分布的规律性的解释是不合逻辑的,泥炭的分布不具有地带性的规律。     

神农架大九湖表层泥炭碳、氮、磷含量的空间分布特征及其控制因素

为了解亚热带泥炭地碳氮磷含量的空间分布模式及其影响因素,在神农架大九湖泥炭地采集147份表层泥炭样品进行总有机碳含量(TOC)、总磷含量(TP)和总氮含量(TN)测试和理化参数分析,探究表层泥炭碳氮磷的空间分布特征及其控制因素。结果表明:大九湖表层泥炭TOC含量变化范围为3.51%~37.93%,TP含量变化范围为0.37~2.75 mg/g,TN含量变化范围为0.59~1.6mg/g。相关性分析表明:TOC含量与含水率(r=0.45,P<0.01)和TP含量(r=0.27,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,TP含量与干容重呈显著正相关(r=0.32,P<0.05),TN含量与各种理化参数的相关性均不显著。通过对比亚热带、热带、北方泥炭地的碳氮磷含量,发现相对于热带和北方泥炭地,亚热带泥炭地的TOC含量和TN含量更低,而TP含量更高。本研究为亚热带泥炭地的生态保护提供了关键的基础数据和参考。     

世界最大的泥炭地——俄罗斯瓦休甘泥炭沼泽

从全球泥炭地分布来看．大部分泥炭地集中在北半球亚寒带和寒温带地区，与最后一次大陆冰川后退残留的丘岗起伏的冰积地形和冰川湖群边缘地带相吻合。这些地区的气候和土壤条件有利于泥炭沼泽的形成和发育。处于这一地带的俄罗斯西西伯利亚、西北欧、北美五大湖以北到加拿大哈德逊湾泥炭沼泽十分发育。     

1979年以来5个时期安吉小鲵生境变化分析及预测北大核心CSCD

安吉小鲵(Hynobius amjiensis)是1990年在浙江省湖州市安吉县龙王山发现的中国特有珍稀两栖动物,是极危物种。利用1979年、2003年、2011年和2017年分辨率为1 m的遥感影像数据,分析了安吉小鲵国家级自然保护区内安吉小鲵栖息地——泥炭藓(Sphagnum palustre)沼泽的分布与变化;利用2020年分辨率为0.02 m的无人机航拍照片,分析了安吉小鲵栖息地内植物物种的分布状况;利用1970~2018年的年降水量和年平均气温数据,研究气候变化对泥炭藓沼泽变化的影响;利用CA-Markov模型,预测了未来5个时期泥炭藓沼泽和其它类型土地的面积。研究结果表明,1979年、2003年、2011年和2017年,安吉小鲵生境内泥炭藓沼泽的面积分别为0.92 hm^(2)、0.76 hm^(2)、0.72 hm^(2)和0.63 hm^(2),39 a间泥炭藓沼泽的面积减少了31.52%;气候变暖是导致泥炭藓沼泽萎缩和退化的主要原因,泥炭藓的生存空间逐渐被维管植物所侵占;在研究区气候变化趋势保持不变和无人类活动干扰的情景下,经预测,2087年该保护区内的泥炭藓沼泽将完全消失,安吉小鲵的栖息地将不复存在。     

干旱区泥炭样品加热过程中磁学特征的变化研究

利用采自干旱区高山～新疆阿尔泰山的表层泥炭样品,以K-T曲线为主,结合J-T曲线、磁滞参数以及XRD等相关实验,探讨了应用热磁实验鉴别富含有机质的弱磁性物质磁性特征.结果表明:样品中磁化率的主要贡献者为低矫顽力的强磁性矿物-磁铁矿,磁铁矿的粒径为PSD(准单畴).加热过程中,含铁粘土矿物绿泥石分解生成新的磁铁矿,磁畴转变成MD(多畴),逐步加热的K-T曲线表明,利用K-T曲线分析含有大量有机质成分弱磁性物质的磁性特征具有一定的指导作用,泥炭样品受热生成的磁性矿物的类型与数量不仅受加热的最高温度控制,同时在加热到不同温度时由于有机质对磁性矿物的还原作用表现出差异性,使得泥炭样品加热到不同温度后的转化、改造及最终生成物亦变得异常复杂.     

哈尼泥炭地15 cal.ka B.P来的古环境恢复与重建

以泥炭粒度作为古气候代用指标,结合孢粉信息,重建了15 cal.ka B.P以来哈尼地区的古气候,完善了本区晚更新世以来的古环境演化过程。通过哈尼泥炭沉积物的粒度组成、粒度参数和粒度分布频率曲线等粒度特征,发现哈尼泥炭剖面的粒度组成以粉砂和砂为主,沉积物平均粒径由上至下逐渐变细,泥炭灰分粒度频率分布以对称分布为主。通过与典型风成沉积、湖泊沉积和河流沉积的粒度频率分布曲线比较认为,本区泥炭灰分粒度组成主要受流水动力影响,其水流搬运强度介于湖相和河流相沉积之间,故泥炭灰分的粒度信息可以用于指示夏季风强弱变化规律,反演古气候变化。泥炭粒度分布数学分形结果发现分维值与泥炭灰分颗粒的分选系数呈正相关,说明泥炭灰分的分维值也可有效反映沉积物颗粒级配和粗细及古气候演化。结合泥炭粒度分析结果和孢粉谱,揭示了15 cal.ka B.P年来古气候的"冷干-温湿-冷湿-暖干"的变化过程,并识别出新仙女木事件(Younger Dryas)以及9.2 ka和8.2 ka气候转冷事件。     

长白山圆池泥炭常量和微量元素分布特征及其环境意义

探讨了长白山圆池泥炭常量和微量元素的分布规律。利用荷兰W ardenaar泥炭采样器野外采取四个新鲜泥炭剖面,现场用不锈钢面包刀从上至下按1~2 cm间隔准确分层取样。针对圆池特殊的自然地理条件,应用澳大利亚产型号为GBC-906原子吸收分光光度计分析了A l、Ti、Mn、Fe、Pb、Zn、Cu;应用日本岛津产型号为7500 ICP等离子体发射光谱仪分析了Ca、Mg、Na、K等元素在不同类型泥炭剖面的积累。研究分析了不同泥炭剖面所测元素的分布趋势及富集状况,结果表明:高位泥炭剖面Mn、Zn和Pb由下层至上层含量有明显增高的特点,其在表层的富集,表明该地区大气污染的环境问题有加重的趋势。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,