夏季东海陆架不同水团对悬浮体物质组成及粒度分布的影响

基于2012年7月东海陆架水文及悬浮体粒度等实测数据,分析不同水团内悬浮体物质组成和粒度分布特征,并探究其影响因素,为查明东海陆架海区陆源沉积物输运扩散机制、揭示海底沉积物来源和成因机制等提供理论依据。结果显示:夏季东海陆架悬浮体由两部分构成,即≤128μm的无机颗粒和?128μm以浮游生物为主的颗粒,其平均体积浓度分别为3.5μL/L和8.4μL/L。悬浮体空间分布受到该海域水团类型的制约。长江冲淡水、台湾暖流表层水、台湾暖流深层水、台湾海峡暖水以及东海冷涡的悬浮体粒径均呈双峰分布,峰值位于27.7—74.7μm和391μm;苏北沿岸流影响海域悬浮体粒径呈单峰分布,小颗粒端含量极低。悬浮体粒度组成及其空间分布差异与水团挟带的无机颗粒、营养盐输送以及水体界面阻隔密切相关。其中,长江冲淡水挟带大量无机颗粒和营养盐进入东海,致使其无机颗粒和浮游生物含量均为研究区最高;苏北沿岸流经长距离扩散后挟带的无机颗粒大多已经沉降,因此无机颗粒含量在研究区最低,而其挟带的丰富营养盐,致使浮游生物含量为次高值;台湾暖流表层水、台湾暖流深层水、东海冷涡以及台湾海峡暖水中悬浮体均以无机颗粒为主,其中前三个水团的水体界面处浮游生物含量较高;不同水团垂向交界处常形成温、盐跃层,跃层能够抑制底层营养盐向表层的扩散,导致跃层位置成为浮游生物高含量区。     

白令海北部悬浮体含量分布及其颗粒组分特征

对中国第四次北极科学考察期间在白令海北部获取的海水样品进行悬浮体含量及其颗粒组分特征的分析。结果表明,白令海陆架海区悬浮体含量大体呈现出表层浓度低而底层浓度高的特点。表层海水悬浮体含量在白令海峡西侧和陆架东侧靠近阿拉斯加沿岸含量较高,而底层海水中悬浮体含量则在白令海峡西侧,以及白令海陆架西南部的圣马修岛西北侧较高。陆架流系对底床物质的再悬浮作用致使白令海悬浮颗粒物浓度的高值区多位于近底层海水中。受白令陆坡流沿陆架坡折带输运作用,研究区西南部悬浮体浓度较高。白令海陆架水以及阿纳德尔流携带悬浮颗粒向北输运,使得底层悬浮体浓度呈现出自南向北逐渐减弱的模式。圣劳仑斯岛以北靠近楚科奇半岛一侧海域,受高营养盐的阿纳德尔流的影响,悬浮颗粒物以藻类为主;东侧阿拉斯加沿岸流区悬浮颗粒则以陆源的碎屑矿物为主。     

1998年夏季南海水团分析

根据 1 998年夏季“南海季风试验 ( SCSMEX)”期间所获的 CTD资料 ,使用系统聚类、Fuzzy模式聚类、Bayes判别分析和 Fuzzy分析等水团分析方法 ,对南海水体的结构和水团配置状况等进行了分析 ,划出了南海存在的 9个主要水团 ,并对各水团的温、盐度特征进行了初析。在调查期间 ,南海本地水 (南海水 )几乎控制了整个调查海区 ,而黑潮水仅出现在台湾岛的西南海域 ;海水强烈混合发生在吕宋海峡附近 ;在中南半岛以东和吕宋岛以西海域 ,表层水明显下沉 ;在南海东南部可能有来自苏禄海的海水 ,其温、盐度特征类似于吕宋海峡中的黑潮水     

用水文化学要素聚类分析台湾海峡西部水团

本文根据Helland-Hansen创立的浓度混合理论[1,2],在稀释混合过程中,把盐度作为保守性要素,通过相关分析,选出与盐度之间存在显着相关的水文水化要素,采用Q型多维聚类分析。聚合归类结果表明,台湾海峡西部水团主要有闽浙沿岸水,粤东沿岸水,闽江、九龙江、韩江冲淡水,台湾海峡混合水,内斜上升冷暖水,粤东上升流。春、夏季台湾海峡混合水是由黑潮分支、南海表层水、闽浙沿岸水、粤东沿岸水交错混合所成。秋、冬季台湾海峡混合水是由黑潮分支、东海陆架水、闽浙沿岸水、粤东沿岸水交错混合所组成。各水团明显表现出季节性的消长变化。     

夏季北黄海不同性质悬浮体分布特征及其控制因素分析

为了探讨夏季不同性质悬浮体在研究区的分布特征及其控制因素,于2016年6—7月在北黄海使用LISST-100X(C)型激光粒度仪和CTD测量了悬浮体浓度和水体温度、浊度、荧光叶绿素浓度数据。结合现场水文数据对不同粒径悬浮体的分布规律进行分析。结果表明,夏季研究区悬浮体含有大量以生源颗粒为主的粗颗粒(128μm),其浓度在下层水体较低,在远岸层结水体的温跃层附近最高。粒径128μm的细颗粒浓度与浊度分布趋势一致,主要反映陆源无机颗粒的变化。其浓度整体呈近岸高远岸低、下层高上层低的分布特征;在成山头近岸海域最高,并且在鲁北沿岸浅水与远岸深水之间存在浓度锋。潮混合作用和温跃层是影响悬浮体浓度空间分布的主要控制因素。潮混合作用促使鲁北沿岸出现陆架温度锋,阻碍沿岸细颗粒物质向海输运;成山头近岸较强的潮混合作用导致当地沉积物再悬浮,使该区域细颗粒浓度最高。温跃层不仅阻碍了下层细颗粒物质向上扩散,还对上层沉降下来的颗粒有"累积"作用。此外,跃层附近丰富的浮游植物对粗颗粒浓度高值区的形成有促进作用。     

1984年夏季台湾浅滩周围海域水团的多维模糊聚类分析

本文应用多维模糊聚类方法分析了1984年8月台湾浅滩周围海域海水的7个海洋学参数,进而讨论了该海域水团的划分及海水的交汇情况.分析结果表明观测期间研究海域的主要海水类型为南海陆架水,内斜上升冷水及粤东上升流水,此外,在外斜一带还有一支上升冷水.南海陆架水属浅海混合水团,主要分布于上层,其影响只达东山-台湾浅滩一线.内斜上升冷水位于浅滩北侧,从东向西楔入研究海区,可能源于黑潮.粤东上升流水则位于粤东近海下层,观测期间影响海峡南部的主要是从台湾浅滩以东海域进入海峡的黑潮或南海(海盆)水.     

黄、东海海域水团发育对底质沉积物分布的影响

通过对黄、东海海域底质沉积物中的细粒级粘土矿物组合特征和全粒级碳酸盐含量分析、对比上覆水团和悬浮体资料，探讨研究区水团发育消长对底质沉积物分布的影响作用。结果表明研究区可以划分为长江冲淡水影响的长江型物质沉积区；黄海水影响的黄河型物质沉积区和黑潮水以及东海次表层水影响的残留型物质沉积区。而水团发育消长可直接影响下伏底质的分布特征。黄河型物质沉积区与残留型物质沉积区的分界相应于黄海冷水向东南扩展与黑潮次中层混合水向陆架爬升互为消长的长期综合平衡位置，而黄海冷水向东南的扩展范围代表着黄河物质在陆架向东南扩展沉积的最大范围．     

模糊目标函数聚类算法及其在东海黑潮水团分析中的应用

由于受陆架海区气候、海底地形等影响,使东海黑潮及其邻近海域的水团划分与分析较为困难,本文应用模糊目标函数的聚类算法对这个海区的水团进行了划分与分析,文中详细地叙述了这种算法的基本原理与计算步骤,包括对原始样本资料进行加权处理,利用Fuzzy伪F统计比率选择子模式样本确定水团个数和利用隶属度公式确定水团边界以及逐步修正模糊协方差矩阵和聚类中心的过程,由于采用这种方法,该海域的水团得到了一种最佳的划分.本文采用1986年5、6月中日合作黑潮调查资料进行计算,计算结果表明,本海区存在属于两种基本类型的8个水团和一个混合区,它们是:一、黑潮水:1.黑潮表层水(K_f);2.黑潮次表层水(K_s);3.黑潮中层水(K_c).二、混合水:1.东海混合水(E);2.福建东北部海域混合水(F_em);3.黄海上层混合水(Y_f);4.对马暖流表层水(T_suf);5.屋久岛南部海域表层水(U_f),此外,有一个混合区(M_k).     

1998年夏、冬季南海水团分析

为了解南海水团的特征和分布 ,基于 1 998年夏季和冬季两个航次的实测资料 ,采用聚类分析、判别分析和模糊分析方法 ,对南海的水团进行了分析。结果表明 ,南海外海水可划分为 6个水团 ,即南海表层水团、南海次表层水团、南海次 中层混合水团、南海中层水团、南海深层水团和南海底盆水。越南附近夏季存在一个暖涡 ;1 998年夏季还可鉴别出黑潮表层水团和黑潮次表层水团 ,但在冬季观测期间无黑潮水越过 1 1 9.5°E经线进入南海 ;这些现象可能与厄尔尼诺现象有关联。夏季有苏禄海海水在 5 0— 75m层经由民都洛海峡侵入南海     

大洋性次-中层混合水团隶属函数的拟合及南海水团分析

讨论了铅直向叠置 3层水团 ,即次表层水团、次 中层混合水团和中层水团的分布与水团特征。改进了大洋性次表层水团和中层水团隶属函数的拟合方法 ,并进一步提出包络曲线法用以拟合次 中层混合水团的隶属函数 ,使铅直向叠置 3层水团隶属函数的拟合方法得以配套。应用新方法计算了 3层水团在南海全海域的分布 ,从整体上把握了次表层高盐水团、次 中层混合水团和中层低盐水团在南海中的分布及变化情况 ,讨论了它们的特征、差异和形成原因。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究

研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

黄河入海径流对河口海域盐度影响研究

为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km²,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km²;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

The influence of the bottom contour on the deformed state of the ice cover due to the motion of the submarine

The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared.     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

北黄海海域大气湍流强度特征及风速标准差相似性分析

根据国家海洋局"908"专项北黄海海区海洋气象观测资料,计算了2007～2008年间该海区4个不同季节的大气湍流强度并与其他海区及陆地下垫面大气湍流值相比较.北黄海海区大气湍流强度量级为10-2,比陆地下垫面大气湍流强度低一个量级.由于海洋的特殊性质,对秋季大气湍流强度日变化的分析发现,在大气湍流强度的影响因素中,海洋的热力作用相对较大.对水平方向风速标准差是否满足Monin-Obukhov相似关系进行了探讨,数据显示,在不稳定层结下冬季水平方向无量纲风速标准差与Z/L的关系,基本满足1/3次方律.秋冬在不稳定层结下垂直方向风速标准差满足Monin-Obukhov相似理论.