阜新盆地白垩系沙海组煤层气系统

煤层气系统研究能有效地指导煤层气勘探和开发。运用非常规含油气系统的理论和方法,研究了阜新盆地沙海组煤层气地质特征。沙海组三段煤层是研究区煤层气的生储层;沙海组四段泥岩、泥质粉砂岩作为沙海组三段煤层气的盖层,是良好的区域性盖层;上覆岩层是沙四段泥岩和阜新组地层;由于喜山期辉绿岩的侵入,沙海组煤层在古近纪末出现生气高峰,另外,后期盆地抬升,地下水作用带入细菌导致煤层产生大量次生生物气;此后,煤层气进入保存阶段,煤层气系统的关键时刻是古近纪末。以上表明,盆地东梁区白垩系沙海组煤层适合进行煤层气勘探和开发,有望成为煤层气勘探开发的接续区域。     

贵州水城矿区煤层气地质条件与可采潜力分析

水城矿区煤层气资源丰富,在分析矿区煤储层物性和含气性的基础上,估算了煤层气可采性参数,评价了煤层气的可采潜力。结果显示:水城矿区煤层顶、底板以及含煤地层上覆地层均为良好的区域性盖层,煤层气保存条件较好;矿区良好的煤岩、煤质特征和孔隙结构特征为煤层气的大量生成和富集奠定了基础;煤层气理论平均采收率为31.66%,可采资源量为1158×108m3,平均可采资源丰度0.98×108m3/km2,对煤层气开发较为有利;煤层的渗透性较低,可能对煤层气地面排采带来不利影响。建议矿区在煤层气地面开发工作中,注重煤储层渗透性的有效改善,并探讨矿井—地面开发结合的可行性。     

乌鲁木齐-大黄山地区煤层气成藏条件及富集规律

煤层气成藏条件和富集规律研究是勘探开发的基础,针对准噶尔盆地南缘煤层气勘探开发现状,从"生气、储集、保存"3个方面进行了分析研究。煤储层的生气能力对煤层气能否富集影响较小,研究区西山窑组煤储层空气干燥基Langmuir体积平均22.2m~3/t,八道湾组空气干燥基Langmuir体积平均25.87m~3/t,煤储层的储集性能较好。煤层自身封闭作用、煤层顶底板的封闭作用、煤层埋深及上覆岩层压力有利于煤层气的保存,构造运动和水文地质条件对煤层气保存的影响不一。在此基础上总结出四种煤层气富集规律和构造控气和水动力构造控气两种控气模式,其中逆冲推覆构造是控制本区煤层气富集的重要因素,构造控气是主要的控气模式。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区延长组成岩作用与优质储层关系研究

对鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区延长组长8、长6油层组储层砂体成岩作用研究表明,该套砂体受NE向阴山古陆物源控制,碎屑中黑云母等塑性物质含量高,压实作用强,致密程度高,油气充注于致密砂岩背景的优质储层中.富县地区储层砂体致密程度高,主要是强压实、强胶结、溶蚀作用相对较弱等原因导致.绿泥石环边发育可降低上覆地层压实作用,刚性颗粒含量高可有效降低上覆地层压力对塑性颗粒的变形作用.后期酸性水溶蚀作用的强弱与溶蚀前储层砂体物性和胶结物成份关系密切,储层砂岩溶蚀前孔隙越发育,后期溶蚀作用愈强.优质储层常发育于三角洲前缘亚相水下分流河道特别是主河道粒度较粗、刚性颗粒含量较高的砂体中.     

滇东老厂矿区多层叠置独立含煤层气系统

滇东煤田煤炭资源丰富,主要含煤地层为龙潭组,煤层厚度适中,埋藏适宜,煤层气含量高。从沉积、构造、煤层煤质、煤储层特征等方面对滇东煤田煤炭资源较好的老厂煤矿煤层气赋存地质条件进行分析。研究表明:老厂矿区龙潭组第三段是多层叠置含煤层气独立系统,是沉积—水文—构造条件耦合控气作用的产物。含煤地层的层序格架特点奠定了多层叠置独立含煤层气系统的地质基础,每套独立含煤层气系统分别被限定在对应的二级层序格架内;含煤地层与上覆、下伏含水层之间缺乏水力联系,含煤地层内部不同岩层(组合)之间相互封闭,这些条件构成了多层叠置含气系统的水文地质基础。老厂煤矿煤层气由四个含煤层气系统组成,各系统间相互独立,其岩性分段具备完整的生储盖层,形成了一多层叠置独立含煤层气系统。     

黔西红梅井田煤层气有序开发的水文地质条件

在多煤层含煤地层中,往往形成垂向上叠置发育的多个独立含煤层气系统,系统之间的相互干扰严重妨碍了煤层气井的有效排水降压。解决这一问题的关键,是查明不同系统之间水文地质条件的差异。基于水文地质勘探成果,分析了黔西织纳煤田红梅井田上二叠统含煤地层不同含煤段的水动力条件和水化学特征,提取视储层压力、压力系数、钻孔单位涌水量、渗透系数、影响半径等与煤层气开发相关的有用信息,发现不同含煤段之间的水文地质条件差异显著,垂向上可能发育与三级地层层序格架相吻合的多层叠置独立含煤层气系统,运用灰色关联分析建立了基于水文地质信息的煤层气开发条件评价因子。在此基础上,评价了不同含煤段的煤层气开发潜力,对煤层气开发顺序进行了概念性设计。研究认为,17~30号煤层段的煤层气开发条件优于其上、下2段,应优先开发,其次是6~16号煤层段;31号煤层至底部开发条件相对较差,应最后开发。     

沁水盆地寿阳区块3号和9号煤层合层排采的可行性研究

寿阳区块煤储层具有层数多、单层厚度小、产能低、开采难度大的特征,为降低成本、提高煤层气资源采收率,对该区主要目标层3号和9号煤层进行合层开采是制定开发方案时的首选。在系统分析煤层气直井合层排采的关键控制因素基础上,认为煤岩及顶底板岩石力学性质、储层压力梯度、临界解吸压力、渗透率、煤储层供液能力是合层排采的主控因素,根据区内煤层气井勘探开发资料及主控因素分析了区块合层排采的可行性,指出了适合3号和9号煤层合层排采的有利区域。     

滇东宣威地区宣威组“三气兼探”储层地质条件初步分析

以煤层气、页岩气、致密砂岩气为主的煤系"三气"在非常规油气资源中具有重要的地位。通过滇东宣威地区野外地质调查,发现宣威组煤系地层以河流及三角洲相煤、泥页岩、粉砂岩等岩性为主,地层厚100～270 m,含煤25～60层。结合钻井地震资料,岩性及岩相分析,优选出四个"三气"连续储层;储层煤层气含量较大,泥页岩瓦斯含量最高可达4 m3/t,具备较好的地质和资源潜力。通过分析煤层气、页岩气、致密砂岩气勘探开发特点,结合滇东宣威地区煤炭开发现状,认为在本区进行"三气共探共采",能够实现地质资源的最大价值,大大提高生产效益,成为云南省非常规天然气勘探开发的新突破口。     

贵州中西部地区煤层气成藏特征

基于贵州地区煤层气富集成藏条件,结合统计资料和实验测试数据成果．从含气性、储层物性及成藏规律三个方面探讨了贵州中、西部地区煤层气藏特征。结果表明：贵州中、西部地区2000m以浅煤层气资源量约31511亿m^3,资源丰度高,一般〉2亿m^3／km^2,最高可达7．15亿m^3／km^2,主要集中分布在六盘水煤田、织纳煤田及黔北煤田煤,且以富甲烷（〉8m^3／t）为主,500m以深范围内煤层气CH4含量〉80％;不同地区不同煤层的孔裂隙发育、渗透性、吸附能力、解析能力、储层压力及储层压力系数等差别较大,地域、层域差异明显,煤储层原地应力较高,原地应力梯度普遍〉1．5MPa／100m;区内煤系地层“广覆式”生烃．沉积构造史控制着气田的分布,并以大型向斜或复向斜为煤层气富集主要场所。     

中外低煤阶盆地煤层气成藏及资源开发潜力对比分析——以中国吐哈盆地和保德河盆地为例

从吐哈盆地和保德河盆地的沉积、地层、成煤、构造等背景出发,结合两盆地煤层气勘探所取得的煤储层资料,对比分析了低煤阶盆地煤层气成藏及资源开发潜力。分析表明,吐哈盆地和保德河盆地虽然分属于不同的大地构造单元,盆地演化不同,但其含煤性相似,特别是同属低变质的褐煤—亚烟煤类,含煤性较好,沉积、水文地质条件近似,因而盆地煤层气成藏具有一定的可比性。美国保德河等低变质煤盆地煤层气商业性开发成功的事实说明,对于低变质煤盆地,即使气含量较低,但只要成藏条件合适,其仍然具有煤层气资源开发潜力      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)