跨关中地区现今地壳垂直形变剖面

本文收集跨关中地区2006~2018年13期一等精密水准观测资料,利用线性动态平差方法,通过整体平差获得跨区域长时间尺度的地壳垂直运动速率场图像,基于获得的垂直运动速率结果,对跨关中地区垂直形变趋势特征进行定量定性分析。结果表明,除西安地区以外的渭河盆地地区下沉速率不足1 mm/a,鄂尔多斯地块南部隆升速率为3~5 mm/a,秦岭构造带北麓隆升速率为3 mm/a,而秦岭腹地的隆升速率不足1 mm/a。利用矩形位错模型对区域内断层的滑动速率和断层闭锁进行反演,结果显示,口镇-关山断裂的倾滑速率为6.55 mm/a,闭锁深度为4.6 km;渭河断裂的倾滑速率为3.21 mm/a,闭锁深度为3.4 km;秦岭北缘断裂的倾滑速率为5.34 mm/a,断裂闭锁深度较大,为9.8 km。基于以上结论,结合前人对关中地区的研究成果,探讨分析研究区现今地壳垂直形变特征与动力机制之间的关系,为区域地震危险性判定及动力学研究提供一定的帮助。     

基于Sentinel-1数据的银川盆地现今地壳形变研究

基于InSAR技术,利用Sentinel-1数据获取银川盆地及周边地区2015~2019年高空间分辨率地壳形变速率场。结果显示,银川盆地整体呈下沉趋势,贺兰山东麓断裂及黄河断裂两条主控断裂两侧存在较明显的差异性运动,芦花台隐伏断裂和银川隐伏断裂活动不明显。对一般倾角断层的震间地表形变曲线拟合公式进行改进,实现了基于单一轨道InSAR观测值同时反演断层倾角、走滑速率、倾滑速率以及闭锁深度。将算法应用于灵武断裂的活动状态及闭锁深度反演,得到断裂走滑速率约为303 mm/a,正断倾滑速率约为027 mm/a,闭锁深度约为6.8 km,倾角约为54.7°。此外,InSAR监测发现,石嘴山市和银川市东部存在局部巨幅形变,通过InSAR时序分析及现场调查认为,形变可能由人类活动引起。     

用GPS测量结果研究华北现今构造形变场

用华北及邻区近十多年GPS测量结果和欧亚板块的弹性运动模型研究华北地区的水平形变场和局部水平形变场 ,发现华北地区水平形变场存在比较一致的SE向运动 ,且运动方向绕顺时针方向逐渐旋转 ,从西向东运动速率逐渐增大。鄂尔多斯、华北平原和鲁东 黄海地块的运动速率分别为 4 .8mm/a、5 .0mm/a、5 .2mm/a ,运动方向分别为SE5 0°、4 0°、35°。鄂尔多斯、华北平原和鲁东 黄海地块的局部形变方向分别为SE方向、SSE方向和SSW方向 ,而华北局部形变场的形变速率大约为水平形变场的 5 0 %。应用地块的整体旋转与线性应变模型计算了华北主要断裂带两侧的相对运动和各地块内部的主应变场。华北EW向和NWW向断裂基本上为左旋走滑型 ,滑动速率从东向西逐渐减小 ;NNE向和NE向断裂基本上为右旋走滑型 ,从北向南滑动速率逐渐减小。华北地区应变场的基本格架是NEE SWW方向压缩与NNW SSE方向扩张 ,主压应变率从西向东逐渐增大而主张应变率从西向东逐渐减小。根据全区水平形变场与应变场的基本特征推测 ,华北地区构造运动与形变的主要驱动力为 :青藏高原NE方向的推挤力 ,太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲对华北地壳产生的西向推挤力 ,以及地壳上隆所产生的NW SE方向的扩张力     

阿尔金断裂带中段现今构造形变模式的InSAR研究

利用2007～2010年间14景ALOS PALSAR数据及SBAS InSAR技术，获取阿尔金断裂带中段91°E附近现今地壳形变速率场，并反演该地区断层的滑动速率和闭锁深度。结果表明，阿尔金断裂中段地区的形变速率自北向南呈3个线性梯度变化区，分别为阿尔金山东段8～12 mm/a、索尔库里盆地6～7 mm/a、阿尔金断裂带以南约0 mm/a。3个速率梯度变化区主要集中在喀腊达坂断裂和阿尔金主断裂上；拟合的断层就位于金雁山南缘、喀腊达坂断裂南邻，走滑速率从西（7.1 mm/a）向东（14.0 mm/a）逐渐增大，闭锁深度自西(4.5 km)向东(10.6 km)逐渐趋深。结合前人研究推测，金雁山（阿尔金山链东部）与索尔库里拉分盆地组成的复合破裂构造模式，是转换断层运动时应力和应变调整的主要驱动机制。     

应用GPS观测青藏高原东北缘应力场变化

采用各向同性弹性地球模型推导了地面位移场速率与地壳内任意点应力场变化的边界积分关系,同时利用青藏高原东北缘1999～2001年观测的GPS资料对观测区地壳深度为5 km和25 km的主应力和最大剪应力进行了计算分析.结果表明,青藏高原东北缘的主应力变化主要集中在祁连山断裂、海原断裂等,在1920～1954年间历史上发生过多次震级为7.0～8.5级强震的断裂附近,并具有主应力变化沿断层走向分布、最大剪应力沿断层走向交替变化等特征.     

陕西中南部现今地壳垂直形变研究

收集陕西中南部1970年以来的多期精密水准测量数据，用基于GPS垂直运动速率约束的动态平差方法获得区域垂直运动速度场。分析表明，地壳垂直运动总体表现为山地、高原相对隆升，盆地相对下沉。相对于关中盆地，西部秦岭、陇山上升速率为4~5 mm/a，北秦岭造山带为2~3 mm/a，盆地北部的鄂尔多斯南缘为3~4 mm/a；相对于北秦岭，汉中盆地下沉速率为1.0 mm/a左右，安康等北大巴山裂谷下沉速率接近20 mm/a；秦岭北缘断裂垂直滑动速率为1.3~1.8 mm/a，华山山前断裂为2.0~2.8 mm/a，渭河断裂小于1.0 mm/a,渭河盆地北缘断裂为1.0~2.5 mm/a,南部断裂为0.7~1.1 mm/a。     

山东省地壳垂直形变特征与深大断裂带的活动性

本文利用1971—1986年山东全省多期复测水准及部分测距成果讨论了本省的地壳形变特征。结果表明:以沂沭带为界,鲁东块体显示整体抬升,而鲁西块体虽以上升为主,但内部明显存在着形变差异运动。期间地壳垂直形变速率不高,一般不超过±3mm/年。近期构造运动显示继承性特点,地壳上升和下降的分界线与断裂相吻合。沂沭断裂带形变北强南弱。沿该带北西向益都、苍山-尼山断裂两侧形变差异较大,活动相对强烈,故对这两条断裂及其与沂沭带交汇处应加强监测。     

新疆富蕴地区近五十年形变场研究

根据20世纪50～60年代高等级三角测量资料和2004～2005年GPS复测数据,计算了新疆富蕴地区近50年的区域形变场。结果表明:富蕴断裂带中部的相对位移最大,约300mm,中误差约为60mm,平均形变速率最大达6mm/a;不管是采用GPS分析得到的断裂长期滑动速率(2mm/a)还是采用地质资料得到的滑动速率(4mm/a),根据弹性应变积累模型,扣除断裂长期构造运动的影响后还有较大的剩余形变场。富蕴地区近50年的区域形变场可能是地壳长期构造运动和强震(例如1931年富蕴8级地震)震后粘弹性松弛共同影响的结果。     

多源遥感揭示的郯庐断裂带江苏段及邻区特征

借助可见光、微波、GPS和重力等数据从多源遥感视角对郯庐断裂带江苏段的地表出露形态、断裂带周边形变场和块体重力等特征进行研究,并辅以实地调查和探槽验证。结果表明：1）有争议的F5断裂南部应位于泗洪县后陈村,地表出露长度约为9 km,走向约为NNE12°;2）Sentinel-1A数据反演的断裂区地表形变场与普遍认为的第四纪以来郯庐断裂带右旋特性一致,且宿迁、新沂、泗县表现为沉降,邳州、睢宁、泗洪表现为隆升,断裂两侧水平和垂直向形变速率差分别约为4 mm/a和3 mm/a;3）GPS形变场分析表明,断裂两侧相对滑动约为1.4 mm/a,与微波结果的形变差异体现出近年断裂走滑运动呈加速状态;4）布格重力异常分析表明,断裂两侧重力分异明显,表现出西低东高的特征分异状态。该成果可为郯庐断裂带江苏段周边地壳块体形变、潜在孕震、发震等级和震灾防御等研究提供借鉴。     

2022年门源6.9级地震的GPS形变特征

利用1999～2021年的GPS观测资料研究2022年门源6.9级地震震中附近区域的地壳形变特征。速度场在祁连山-海原地震带两侧呈现出明显的“南大北小”特性。发震断层速度剖面结果显示,断层两侧挤压速率为3.1 mm/a,走滑速率为3.9 mm/a,这与走滑为主的震源机制解一致。门源地震位于主应变率场和面膨胀率场高值区向低值区过渡的梯度带上,发生在最大剪应变率场和应变率第二张量不变量高值区边缘地区。同震库仑应力触发了大部分的余震,对冷龙岭断裂到海原断裂的地区有一定的应力加载作用。综合地壳形变特征和库仑应力等分析结果认为,冷龙岭断裂到海原断裂地区的地震危险性有所提高。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a