多道面波分析方法及其应用研究

正浅层地表介质的剪切波速是工程抗震设计、场地地震危险性分析、场地地震效应研究等研究的重要基础。面波勘探方法是一种利用人工震源激发产生的瑞雷面波来反演地下介质弹性参数特别是剪切波速的现场原位测试方法,工作效率高且经济成本低。本文针对面波勘探中相对较新的多道面波分析方法(MASW)在地下介质剪切波速探测中的应用进行了研究。主要研究内容及取得的成果如下:(1)利用传递矩阵法(Dunkin)计算了水平层位条件下的瑞雷波相速度频散曲线,并总结     

基于表面波法的剪切波速测试与场地土液化判别

剪切波速是岩土的一个重要工程特性参数。文中详细介绍浅层物探调查中的面波法的原理、分析方法,并利用面波法对王庆坨水库场地进行大面积勘探,获得水库场地的地下剪切波速度构造,利用面波所得剪切波速对王庆坨水库场地在VII和VIII级地震下进行液化判别;通过实验和回归分析得到了王庆坨地区第四系粘性土与粉土的剪切波速与标贯击数的关系曲线,为实际工程建设提供一种快速求得标贯击数的方法,对当地的工程场地的分类和评价有一定的参考价值。     

Rayleigh波评价强夯加固效果量化分析研究

为实现利用Rayleigh面波准确、高效地评价软弱地基的强夯加固效果,提出Rayleigh面波评价强夯法的量化分析技术。首先将现场采集到的面波频散曲线经过频散分析得到地基不同深度处的剪切波速,在试验室通过对现场取回土样的击实试验和剪切波速测试,得到不同孔隙比时土样所对应的剪切波速,作为本场地土的波速测定参照标准。提出夯击效果评价参数δ,通过对参数δ的计算使得利用Rayleigh面波测试实现对强夯加固效果的量化评价成为可能。最后通过对天津滨海新区某软土场地强夯加固工程的Rayleigh面波量化评价,证实了本方法的可行性。     

场地瑞利波频散特性的测试方法研究

瑞利波频散特性测试是波速结构的面波探测方法中的关键环节。本文不进行速度结构的比较,而是直接与表面波谱分析方法比较所提取的频散曲线,从而将反演方法可能引入的不确定性因素剥离了出去,能够更客观地说明地脉动台阵方法的有效性和精度。在唐山26个场地进行的两种方法中美联合观测和分析结果表明。地脉动方法在83％的场地达到了与表面波谱分析方法相同的精度,是一种经济有效的场地瑞利波频散特性和波速结构测试方法。     

弹性反射波频谱分析对比法检测浆砌片石挡墙质量

大量的浆砌片石挡墙需要作快速质量检测，作者比较了利用弹性波速、瑞利面波和弹性波频谱分析法后，认为后者分辨率高，方法简单，并作了几百个点的检测，得到了成功。     

利用面波波形模拟探测中国大陆地壳和上地幔波速结构的分区特征

对穿过中国大陆东部、中部、北部和西部4个不同地区的8条地震射线路径的波形进行拟合分析,反演得到了各路径下方的一维平均波速结构.反演得到的地壳和上地幔波速结构表现出明显的分区特征,该特征与已知的大地构造单元和已有的研究成果吻合较好. 表明面波波形拟合方法是一种可靠的探测地壳和上地幔波速结构的方法,且比单纯利用基阶面波频散对上地幔结构探测更具优势.      

基于瑞雷波法的都江堰市区场地剪切波速结构

场地剪切波速是建筑抗震设计中不可缺少的基础资料。因此,本文通过多道面波法对都江堰市区进行了剪切波速调查,为都江堰市区的建筑抗震设计及汶川地震的进一步研究提供基本数据。文中利用多道面波分析方法在都江堰市区(E:103°35’～103°41’,N:30°57’～31°02’)布置了35个面波测点进行场地剪切波速结构和覆盖层厚度的调查,测点间距约2 km。获得了都江堰市区场地等效剪切波速(VS20)和场地覆盖层厚度分布。结果显示,都江堰市区的等效剪切波速介于267m/s与389 m/s之间;覆盖层厚度在6～20 m之间。另外,本文利用欧美规范的方法计算了都江堰市区的5 m至20 m的平均剪切波速(TAV),通过对比各个深度的平均剪切波速发现,各个深度的平均剪切波速和VS20具有较高的线性相关性。利用这一特征,本文建立了都江堰市区利用不同深度的平均剪切波速估计VS20的经验公式(VS20=(a±Δa)+(b±Δb).VSz+σ)。利用这一经验关系式可以在都江堰市区钻孔深度或其它测试深度达不到20 m的情况下估计VS20。     

钻孔剪切波速测试两种方法的对比

总结了目前常用的剪切波速测试方法及原理,分析了各测试方法存在的问题及需要注意的事项,选用合理的波速数据并进行统计分析,明确了不同方法之间存在的差异,对正确、科学、严谨的进行剪切波速测试有一定的参考意义。     

利用噪声记录估计福建地区中上地壳体波速度结构

本文利用福建地震台网25个宽频带台站的噪声记录提取瑞利波和勒夫波频散曲线反演地壳波速结构,并利用爆破观测结果对该速度模型进行检验.结果表明:利用该方法得到的地壳波速结构在浅部分辨率较好,深部波速结构的反演结果精度较低,这主要是由于本文所选台站间距较小,提取得到的面波频散曲线在短周期部分精度较高,而长周期部分面波频散曲线的偏差较大.综合噪声反演结果与传统反演结果,本文最终给出了一个新的速度模型,利用该模型计算得到的理论走时与爆破观测走时具有很好的一致性.     

浅层有限频率面波成像中的3D灵敏度核分析

本文利用面波散射的模式耦合方法,基于波恩近似和远场假设,研究了有限频率面波三维灵敏度核,针对面波在工程应用中常遇到的水平分层的背景介质模型,计算了介质扰动引起的面波相位和幅度扰动的三维灵敏度核,分析了模式耦合对三维灵敏度核的影响.结果表明,仅考虑模式自身耦合的JWKB近似,介质密度和波速扰动引起的三维灵敏度核可以蜕化为...     

The use of MASW method in the assessment of soil liquefaction potential

The multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is a non-invasive method recently developed to estimate shear wave velocity profile from surface wave energy. Unlike conventional SASW method, multi-station recording permits a single survey of a broad depth range and high levels of redundancy with a single field configuration. An efficient and unified wavefield transform technique is introduced for dispersion analysis and on site data quality control. The technique was demonstrated in the assessment of soil liquefaction potential at a site in Yuan Lin, Taiwan. The shear wave velocity and liquefaction potential assessments based on MASW method compares favorable to that based on SCPT shear wave measurements. Two-dimensional shear wave velocity profiles were estimated by occupying successive geophone spreads at several sites in central western Taiwan, at some of which sand boils or ground cracks occurred during 1999 Chi Chi earthquake. Liquefaction potential analysis based on MASW imaging was shown to be effective for estimating the extent of potential liquefaction hazard.     

剪切波速测量中地面木板敲击方法和悬挂式井中测试方法的结果比较

地面木板敲击方法和悬挂式井中测试方法是工程中常用的两种剪切波速测量方法。在长期的工作中发现,对于类似的场地,不同的方法所得到的测试结果有时存在一定的差异。为此,选择了山西地区5个场地条件不同的比较典型的地震钻孔,分别采用两种方法对同一钻孔进行测试,并对结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明,在钻孔地层为土和砂且钻孔质量较好的情况下,两种方法所测数据相差不大,一般相差在10%以内。钻孔质量较差,局部有轻微塌孔、缩径的情况时,采用悬挂式测井方法误差较大。对于含有卵石地层的钻孔以及需要测量基岩面以下的地层剪切波速的钻孔,则应采用悬挂式井中测试方法。     

APPLICATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY AND DEPTH OF SOIL-LAYERS

The shear wave velocity is one of the important parameters in seismic engineering.The common mathematical models of relationship between shear wave velocity and depth of soil-layers are linear function model,quadratic function model,power function model,cubic function model,and quartic function model.It is generally believed that the regression formulae based on aforementioned mathematical models are mainly used for preliminary estimation of the local shear wave velocity.In order to increase the value of test data of wave speed in boreholes,the calculation formulae for the thickness of ground cover layer are derived based on the aforementioned mathematical models and their fitting parameters.The calculation formulae for the mean shear wave velocity of soil-layers are derived by integral mean value theorem.Accordingly,the calculation formulae for the equivalent shear wave velocity of soil-layers are derived.The calculation formulae for the depth of reflective waves in time-depth conversion of the reflection seismic exploration are derived.Through the statistical analysis of test data of shear wave velocity of soil layers in Changyuan County,Henan Province,regression formulae and their fitting parameters of aforementioned mathematical models are obtained.The results show that in the determination of the quality of these regression formulae and their fitting parameters,the adjusted R-square,root mean square error and residual error,the matching on the statistical range between the geometry of function of mathematical models used and the scattergram of the measured data,the application purpose and the simplicity of the regression formulae should be considered.With the aforementioned new formulae,the results show that the calculated values of equivalent shear wave velocity of soil-layers and thickness of ground cover layer meet the engineering needs.The steps for statistics and applications of the relationship between shear wave velocity and depth of soil-layers for a new area are as follows:(1) Analyze the relevant data about the site such as the drilling and wave speed test data,etc.and divide the site into seismic engineering geological units;(2) In a single seismic engineering geological unit,make statistical analysis of the data of borehole wave speed test,comprehensively identify and select mathematical models and their fitting parameters of the relationship between shear wave velocity and depth of soil-layers;(3) Substitute the selected fitting parameters into the formulae,based on their mathematical models for the thickness of ground cover layer,or the equivalent shear wave velocity of soil-layers,or the depth of reflective wave,then the thickness of ground covering layer,equivalent shear wave velocity,and depth of reflective wave are obtained.     

SWprocess: a workflow for developing robust estimates of surface wave dispersion uncertainty

Journal of Seismology - Non-invasive surface wave methods are increasingly being used as the primary technique for estimating a site’s small-strain shear wave velocity (Vs). Yet, in...     

基于H/V谱比法的乌恰地区场地分类研究

场地条件对于地震动特性影响显著,在工程地震领域中强震记录与之对应的场地条件在研究中十分重要。利用H/V谱比法对新疆乌恰地区12个强震台站场地进行场地分类计算,并与实际钻孔剪切波速的场地分类结果对比分析,H/V谱比法和实际钻孔波速分类结果还是有很好的对应关系,为研究区域内缺乏钻孔剪切波速测试资料的场地进行场地分类提供了参考依据。     

The estimation of shear-wave statics using in situ measurements in marine near-surface sediments

Shear‐wave statics in marine seismic exploration data are routinely too large to be estimated using conventional techniques. Near‐surface unconsolidated sediments are often characterized by low values of V_s and steep velocity gradients. Minor variations in sediment properties at these depths correspond to variations in the shear‐wave velocity and will produce significant static shifts. It is suggested that a significant proportion of the shear‐wave statics solution can be estimated by performing a separate high‐resolution survey to target near‐surface unconsolidated sediments. Love‐wave, shear‐wave refraction and geotechnical measurements were individually used to form high‐resolution near‐surface shear‐wave velocity models to estimate the shear‐wave statics for a designated survey line. Comparisons with predicted statics revealed that shear‐wave statics could not be estimated using a velocity model predicted by substituting geotechnical measurements into empirical relationships. Empirical relationships represent a vast simplification of the factors that control V_s and are therefore not sufficiently sensitive to estimate shear‐wave statics. Refraction measurements are potentially sensitive to short‐wavelength variations in sediment properties when combined with accurate navigational data. Statics estimated from Love‐wave data are less sensitive, and sometimes smoothed in appearance, since interpreted velocity values represent an average both laterally and vertically over the receiver array and the frequency–depth sensitivity range, respectively. For the survey site, statics estimated from near‐surface irregularities using shear‐wave refraction measurements represent almost half the total statics solution. More often, this proportion will be greater when bedrock relief is less.     

Simultaneous measurement and inversion of surface wave dispersion and attenuation curves

Surface wave tests are non-invasive seismic techniques that have traditionally been used to determine the shear wave velocity (i.e. shear modulus) profile of soil deposits and pavement systems. Recently, Rix et al. [J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Engng 126 (2000) 472] developed a procedure to obtain near-surface values of material damping ratio from measurements of the spatial attenuation of Rayleigh waves. To date, however, the shear wave velocity and shear damping ratio profiles have been determined separately. This practice neglects the coupling between surface wave phase velocity and attenuation that arises from material dispersion in dissipative media. This paper presents a procedure to measure and invert surface wave dispersion and attenuation data simultaneously and, thus, account for the close coupling between the two quantities. The methodology also introduces consistency between phase velocity and attenuation measurements by using the same experimental configuration for both. The new approach has been applied at a site in Memphis, TN and the results obtained are compared with independent measurements.     

回填土不确定性对场地地震反应的影响

选取某核电场地控制性钻孔的厚度、剪切波速、密度等实际勘探数据,通过改变回填土剪切波速,分析了回填土不确定性对场地地震动参数的影响。研究结果表明:在回填土层厚度不变和模型总厚度不变的情况下,地表的水平向峰值加速度随着回填土剪切波速的增大而减小,但水平向峰值加速度增幅逐渐减小;回填土剪切波速到达一定的波速就不再影响地表水平峰值加速度;随着回填土剪切波速的增加,整个反应谱的谱值都普遍减小。     

关于剪切波速判别饱和砂土层震动液化方法的改进

针对目前剪切波速判别饱和砂土层震动液化方法中存在的问题,提出了结合场况条件计算临界剪切波速的改进式。实例应用表明改进方法更具有合理性。     

四川和云南地区场地平均剪切波速vS20和vS30经验预测模型研究

利用四川和云南地区共973个工程场地钻孔资料,分别基于常速度外推模型、对数线性模型和条件独立模型的经验外推方法建立了该区域20 m和30 m平均剪切波速v_S20和v_S30的经验预测模型。研究表明常速度外推模型的预测误差最大,当波速资料深度小于10 m时,常速度外推方法会显著低估实际场地平均波速。基于对数线性外推方法建立了四川和云南地区波速经验预测模型,对比结果表明四川和云南地区平均波速预测结果与北京和加州地区较接近,明显低于日本地区。基于三种不同外推方法的预测误差对比分析结果表明条件独立性模型的预测结果在不同深度时误差均为最小,建议优先采用该方法建立的区域波速预测模型。