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嵩县槐树坪金矿区域地质构造复杂,岩石破碎,部分岩层高岭土化,钻探施工中漏失、垮塌严重,经常发生钻孔缩径、卡钻、内管总成打捞困难等孔内事故,严重影响了钻进效率和钻孔质量。对该矿区施工所遇到的困难和需要重点解决的问题进行了分析,通过试验研究,确定采用聚合物低固相泥浆体系,并根据该矿区地层特点,确定了在不同条件下聚合物低固相泥浆的配方、配制方法、维护管理及护壁堵漏方法等,逐步在该矿区全面推广,大幅度减少了孔内事故、提高了纯钻效率和台月效率,有效地促进了该矿区的勘探进度,缩短了勘探周期,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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无固相钻井液在吉林省油页岩勘探中的研制与应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
无固相聚合物钻井液是一种抑制性、防塌性能力强的钻井液体系。在对常用聚合物进行优选的基础上,用正交试验法确定了以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为主、有机与无机聚合物相复合、可用于实际生产的强抑制性无固相聚合物钻井液配方,探讨了钻井液中各组分的作用和钻井液的防塌机理。研制的无固相聚合物钻井液在吉林省农安和梅河口矿区两个油页岩勘探孔的实际应用中,取得了较好的技术经济效果。 相似文献
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吉林省油页岩勘探中聚合物钻井液防塌机理的试验研究与应用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
在试验研究的基础上对比了无机聚合物硅酸盐和有机聚合物聚乙烯醇(PVA)、部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(PHPA)和非水解聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的防塌能力;由试验得出吸附成膜的速度和保护膜的致密程度是决定钻井液体系防塌能力的关键因素;钻井液体系的防塌能力是无机聚合物和有机聚合物协同作用的结果;部分水解聚丙烯酰胺钻井液体系的防塌能力较非水解聚丙烯酰胺钻井液体系的防塌能力强。研制的无固相聚合物钻井液在吉林农安、伊通、舒兰和梅河口4个矿区近3 000 m的钻探施工中,孔壁稳定,孔内事故少,岩芯采取率达98%以上。 相似文献
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广西向阳坪地区地层复杂,存在多段大厚度水敏性蚀变地层及破碎地层,高岭石化及绿泥石化蚀变地层吸水后极易膨胀缩径或分散剥落,引起孔内掉块、孔壁坍塌等现象,导致卡钻、埋钻等孔内事故频发。通过对该地层岩心样品进行岩性分析,选择了成膜防塌无固相冲洗液体系,经过室内实验评价,确定了适用于向阳坪地区复杂地层的冲洗液配方,并在现场进行应用,有效地解决了水敏性蚀变地层吸水膨胀及分散剥落问题,护壁效果明显,孔壁稳定性显著提高,避免了孔内事故的发生,所取出的岩心完整且岩心采取率高,大大提高了钻进效率,缩短了施工时间,降低了施工成本。 相似文献
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龟山深部铜金矿区含超厚风化破碎带,钻进过程中发生严重坍塌,导致起下钻以及扫孔困难。为此,选用了无固相聚乙烯醇冲洗液增强防塌能力。聚乙烯醇加量越大,冲洗液粘度越高,稳定岩心不发生崩散的能力越强,但是降失水能力差。使用FT-342能够显著降低失水量,并且具有良好的润滑性。使用该冲洗液钻穿ZK141钻孔714~834 m段破碎的炭质页岩及煤层,解决了钻杆内壁结垢的问题,起到了良好的防塌效果。 相似文献
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中国页岩气资源开发潜力巨大,近年来页岩气勘探开发力度不断加大,对钻探工艺和技术的要求不断提高。页岩气地层岩性主要为泥岩、砂岩、页岩、碳质板岩、灰岩,该类地层胶结性差、破碎、井壁强度低,钻进中易出现孔壁失稳,发生坍塌、卡钻、埋钻等孔内事故,需要研制具有强抑制性、低成本、绿色环保的冲洗液体系来保证施工安全。本文通过对页岩气井壁稳定机理的探究,优选出一种适用于页岩地层双聚防塌和成膜防塌低固相冲洗液体系,该体系由抑制剂、防塌剂、降失水剂、润滑剂、封堵剂、流型调节剂等处理剂组成,具有良好的抑制性和胶结性。现场应用取得了良好的效果,保证了项目的顺利施工。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献
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环境和灾害是威胁人类生存的两大挑战性问题。由人类活动导致的自然环境破坏和恶化是一个长期累积的过程,类似于人体所患的慢性疾病,对其认识和解决不仅依靠多种条件,也需要很长时间的持久努力。自然灾害的发生一般是短时间内的突然事件,类似人体的急性疾病。为最大限度地减轻自然灾害给人类社会造成的损失,需要实施事先预防、灾前预警、灾时应急和灾后重建的系统工程,其中地球科学家的责任之一是找出有效的宣传演练,使社会各界充分认识灾害的危险性,做好必要的防灾准备。最近20 a来中国的减灾实践经验还说明,为进一步提高减灾的效益,要用科学观念指导各领域的减灾工作,在国家一级层次上要实行多部门协调、多学科合作的综合管理,并注重对灾害发生的规律性研究。例如对群发性灾害链过程及其潜在影响的估计,这对制定区域性可持续发展规划具有重要意义。 相似文献
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