从云南最近三次强震看天体位置对地震的影响

本文详细分析了近斯云南连续发生的三次强震与天体位置的关系。这三次大震都在朔望期，又出现很多天文奇点，表明天体的引潮力影响也是这三次大震发震的重要因素。     

21世纪云南第1次大震活跃期的趋势预测

在太阳活动与地震活动相关研究的基础上指出：在周期性太阳活动的调控下，地震活动也显示出与太阳活动相关的周期性变化。云南22年的地震周期在20世纪形成了4个大震活跃期和4个相对平静期。根据地震活动和太阳活动的若干相关规律，对云南地区在本世纪第1次大震活跃期的到来作了趋势性预测：云南在本世纪第1次大震活跃期的第1个大震(M=7．0左右)将于2012年到来，那时正是太阳活动第24周下降段的开始，离上次大震活跃期的最后一个大震(丽江，M=7．0，1996年)恰好是16年。在该大震活跃期里，还将发生若干个M=7．0左右的大震和一些较小的地震，其大震爆发的时间将遵循Tx=(Tn—Tn—1)^1/2(a年)的非线性经验规律发生。     

21世纪云南第1次大震活跃期的趋势预测

在太阳活动与地震活动相关研究的基础上指出:在周期性太阳活动的调控下,地震活动也显示出与太阳活动相关的周期性变化。云南22年的地震周期在20世纪形成了4个大震活跃期和4个相对平静期。根据地震活动和太阳活动的若干相关规律,对云南地区在本世纪第1次大震活跃期的到来作了趋势性预测:云南在本世纪第1次大震活跃期的第1个大震(M=7.0左右)将于2012年到来,那时正是太阳活动第24周下降段的开始,离上次大震活跃期的最后一个大震(丽江,M=7.0,1996年)恰好是16年。在该大震活跃期里,还将发生若干个M=7.0左右的大震和一些较小的地震,其大震爆发的时间将遵循Tx=(Tn-Tn-1)1/2(a年)的非线性经验规律发生。     

国际小行星搜寻最新成果

2010～2011年度第六期国际小行星搜寻活动于2010年12月13日～2011年1月22日举行,第七期活动于2011年4月5日～2011年5月22日举行。两期活动先后有十八个学校的一百多位学生参加,取得了丰硕的成果：发现主带小行星7个,证认近地天体4个,进行近地天体观测100多次。     

美丽的梅西耶天体

编者按：梅西耶天体是广大天文爱好者非常喜爱的观测目标。为了让我刊读者能更方便地观测这些天体,我们从本期开始将梅西耶天体的照片分三次全部顺序刊登出来,同时刊出每一个天体的主要数据。法国天文学家梅西耶通过自己的观测并根据同时代的法国天文学家梅襄的观测,编...     

我观测了梅西耶天体

我观测了梅西耶天体梅西耶天体是星空中美丽的天体之一，这些天体在天球上分布很广，数量也很多。１９９３年９月，我从北京天文馆邮购了一本全天星图，参照这本星图我开始对梅西耶天体进行观测，秋高气爽的十月对观测非常有利，第一次观测是在１０月６日晚进行的，时间是...     

第三体摄动分析解的一种表达式

在太阳系中,大行星、小行星和卫星（包括自然卫星和人造卫星）等对应的运动问题,都可以处理成受摄二体问题,而摄动源又多为第三体,作为第三体的摄动天体,有的比运动天体离中心天体近,有的则相反,前者称为内摄内体,全者则称为外摄天体,对一个具体的运动天体,可以同时出现这两个摄动天体,但是,只要运动天体与摄动天体的轨道都建立在以中心天体（质心）为坐标原点的同一坐标系内,那么在一定条件下（即除运动天体与摄动天体     

“无意栽柳柳成行”──天王星漫谈

“无意栽柳柳成行”──天王星漫谈星兵太阳系天体发现史上，有一件颇为奇怪而耐人寻味的事，那就是第七大行星—一天王星的发现。天王星的发现完全是偶然的，是“无意栽柳”的结果。但从太阳系天体发现史的角度来看，这不仅是一次极为生动的必然性的补充，也反映了事物发...     

宇宙能被挤压到多小？

宇宙能被挤压到多小？之所以提出这个问题是因为宇宙在膨胀并假设所有天体来源于同一地点，一次原始火球的大爆炸。如果认为宇宙中的一切物质都是由夸克和电子组成的，根据观测到的各层次天体的分布情形，我们就可以用考虑数量级的方法求出这一问题的答案。已观测到的宇宙...     

半相接双星V505Sagittarii的周期分析

用Ｋａｌｉｍａｅｒｉｓ等人提出的周期分析新方法对Ａｌｇｏｌ型半相接双星Ｖ５０５Ｓｇｒ的Ｏ－Ｃ曲线进行分析,结果表这颗食双星的轨道周期是周期性变化的,其变化周期为４１．５ａ、振为０．４５３＊１０＾－５ｄ。这与Ｃｈａｍｂｌｉｓｓ等人（１９９３）从测光分析所得的第三天体的轨道周期（Ｐ＝１０５ａ）是不同的。通过对能引起轨道周期 期性变化的两种物理机制（次子星周期性的磁活动和第三天体的存在）的研究表明,该系     

天文潮汐与地震

从三个方面综述了天文潮汐与地震关纱的研究，内容包括，日、月、地球的相对位置与地震，天文潮汐的周期，相位与地震，天文潮汐应力与地震，日、月、地球的相对位置与地震和天文潮汐周期与地城的研究均属于从体积力的角度考虑问题，主要是从宏观角度揭示地震发生时的日月位置分布有何规律性，揭示地震发生时间丛集在潮汐周期变化过程中的相位或时段以及地城牟潮汐周期，天文潮汐应力与震的研究从引潮力在地震内部地震源处产生的潮汐应力角度出发，着重研究不同类型性质的发震断层与潮汐应力触发的关系，从物理意义上讲，该研究较深 次地切入了问题的实质，分析了采用某些方法和样本研究结果不一致性的原因，并提出了进一步研究的方向。     

用太阳系主要天体的位置建立特大地震的时间预测模型

根据某类事件发生时太阳系主要运动天体的位置，通过对其历史资料的归算，尝试并设计出一种具有普适性的事件时间预测模型．以1900-1980年间全球所有8级及以上的99次地震为例，定义与天体特征位置(视黄经)相关的发震率，初步建立预测发震时刻的概率曲线．指出这可能成为研究地震预报问题的新途径．     

Brightness temperatures of the quiet sun and new moon at the 6 mm wavelength

Absolute brightness temperatures and brightness temperature ratios of a quiet region near the center of the solar disk and the central region of the new moon were measured simultaneously at the 6 mm wavelength. The measured quiet sun/new moon brightness temperature ratios and reported central brightness temperatures of the new moon confirm the measured brightness temperature of the quiet sun at the 6 mm wavelength.Reported central brightness temperatures of the new moon are tabulated and graphed as a function of frequency and wavelength. The equation of a linear regression line for the reported measurements is given for estimating the brightness temperature of the new moon at any millimeter wavelength. Estimated brightness temperatures of the new moon and measured quiet sun/new moon ratios are used to estimate solar brightness temperatures at several millimeter wavelengths. The solar brightness temperatures, the regression line, and the Van de Hulst theoretical model are presented graphically as a function of frequency and wavelength. The regression line equation is given for estimating solar brightness temperatures at any wavelength in the 6 to 1 mm wavelength interval and is solved for the wavelength of the measured ratios.Reported solar brightness temperatures in the millimeter wavelength region are tabulated. The measured temperatures in the 6 to 1 mm wavelength interval and a linear regression line are presented graphically as a function of frequency and wavelength. The regression line equation is given and solved for the solar brightness temperatures at the 6 mm wavelength.This work supported by the U.S. Air Force under Contract No. F04701-69-C-0066.     

Application of Astronomic Time-latitude Residuals in Earthquake Prediction

After the earthquake (Ms = 6.1) occurred in Luquan county of Yunnan province on April 18, 1985, the relationship between major earthquakes and astronomical time-latitude residuals (ATLR) of a photoelectric astrolabe in Yunnan Observatory was analyzed. ATLR are the rest after deducting the effects of Earth’s whole motion from the observations of time and latitude. It was found that there appeared the anomalies of the ATLR before earthquakes which happened in and around Yunnan, a seismic active region. The reason of the anomalies is possibly from change of the plumb line due to the motion of the groundmass before earthquakes. Afterwards, using studies of the anomalous characters and laws of ATLR, we tried to provide the warning information prior to the occurrence of a few major earthquakes in the region. The significant synchronous anomalies of ATLR of the observatory appeared before the earthquake of magnitude 6.2 in Dayao county of Yunnan province, on July 21, 2003. It has been again verified that the anomalies possibly provide the prediction information for strong earthquakes around the observatory.     

《授时历》五星推步的精度研究

着重考察了《授时历》的步五星术,考校、复原了其推步方法.(1)推步了1299年木星历,并与已有研究进行比对,从而确认恢复方法的正确性.(2)得出《授时历》在1280～1650年间推步五星黄经的精度,木星、火星、土星、金星和水星的误差的绝对值平均分别为0.49°、1.91°、0.70°、2.82°和5.01°,木星、土星的精度较高.(3)指出将现代天文方法获取的《授时历》五星参数(周率、历率、度率、合应及历应)精确值代入《授时历》推步模型,木星、土星的推步精度并未提高,误差分别为1.83°和1.21°,而水星、金星和火星的误差却大幅加大,结果分别为30.04°、54.86°和10.82°.说明某些重要参数的修正并不能改善推步结果.     

中国早期日食记录研究进展

中国古代系统的日食记录始自春秋。自汉以至清代,整齐而完备。此前的夏、商、西周三代,日食记录零散而模糊。历来研究者众而难得定论。近年来由于天文计算方法和历史年代学的进展,早期日食记录的研究也获得新的成就。     

我国地基雷达观测月球的现状和研究进展

地基雷达观测可以提供太阳系天体目标的地形地貌、物理特征、轨道动力等信息。聚焦利用地基雷达天文技术开展月球观测的原理方法和科学意义,介绍了基于我国现有深空雷达上行装置、射电望远镜条件以及非相干散射雷达等系统,初步开展的特高频段(Ultra High Frequency,UHF)和X频段的地基雷达观测月球试验。通过月球反射回波的信号处理,获得了延迟、多普勒频移等参数,得到了一致的与近表层物质密度相关的月面雷达反射率,并得到了月球的左右旋圆极化率,反映了与波长同尺度的月球近表层结构。文章积累的数据处理经验将为我国的小行星预警、行星历表等地基雷达观测研究提供技术基础。     

A daytime measurement of the lunar contribution to the night sky brightness in LSST’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">ugrizy</Emphasis> bands–initial results

We report measurements from which we determine the spatial structure of the lunar contribution to night sky brightness, taken at the LSST site on Cerro Pachon in Chile. We use an array of six photodiodes with filters that approximate the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope’s u, g, r, i, z, and y bands. We use the sun as a proxy for the moon, and measure sky brightness as a function of zenith angle of the point on sky, zenith angle of the sun, and angular distance between the sun and the point on sky. We make a correction for the difference between the illumination spectrum of the sun and the moon. Since scattered sunlight totally dominates the daytime sky brightness, this technique allows us to cleanly determine the contribution to the (cloudless) night sky from backscattered moonlight, without contamination from other sources of night sky brightness. We estimate our uncertainty in the relative lunar night sky brightness vs. zenith and lunar angle to be between 0.3–0.7 mags depending on the passband. This information is useful in planning the optimal execution of the LSST survey, and perhaps for other astronomical observations as well. Although our primary objective is to map out the angular structure and spectrum of the scattered light from the atmosphere and particulates, we also make an estimate of the expected number of scattered lunar photons per pixel per second in LSST, and find values that are in overall agreement with previous estimates.     

Lunisolar effect on the trigger of earthquakes

Dealing with moon theory and tidal dynamics and checking lists of earthquake data one can take the following two observations: 1) The first extreme proxigean spring tide in the new millennium happened on 2005 January 10, in new moon phase, and half a synodic month earlier, when the Moon was full on 2004 December 26, the Christmas Tsunami was triggered in the Indian Ocean. The next extreme tide in new moon phase will occur after one Saros cycle, on 2023 January 21. 2) The second observation is connected with the lunar evection anomaly. The time between the Whitsun Quake in China on 2008 May 12 and the Christmas Tsunami amounts to 1233 days. On the other hand, three lunar evectional cycles take 3 × U_e = 3 × 411.8 = 1235 days. These observations hint at lunisolar structures in the earthquake distribution. In the present treatise we will reveal such structures by composing lunisolar ephemerides and earthquake Tables. In particular, we use Student's t‐test and show that there is a significant relationship between the beat period U_e and the earthquake statistics (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Neutron monitor observations of high-energy solar particles during the new cycle

After a lapse of five years, the first solar events in which particles were emitted with sufficiently high energies to produce intensity enhancements in ground-based neutron monitors occurred on July 7, 1966, and January 28, 1967. Although the magnitude of the first of these increases was too small (<2%) to permit detailed analysis, the later event, which exceeded 18% at sea-level stations in the polar regions, displayed unusual characteristics. The January 28 event is anomalous in that either it represents the first observation of solar particles reaching the earth from the back side of the sun, or it is associated with a feeble flare (1-) in the unfavored eastern hemisphere of the visible disk. The propagation of solar particles in this event was evidently controlled by a diffusion mechanism, and the observations are consistent with predictions based on alternative theoretical models of this process.This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research.