基于历史关系数据库的时空数据库实现研究

时空数据库是研究如何存储历史和当前的时空数据,从而跟踪分析某一区域的变化,最终实现时空模型化和模拟地学过程.采用历史关系数据库模式的时空数据库可以充分利用传统时态数据库时态查询功能和GIS空间分析处理功能这些方面成熟的研究成果和现有系统,降低时空数据库建立的费用和开销.分析了采用扩展关系型时空数据库的原因,介绍了历史关系数据库模式、时态关系代数和查询语言,研究了采用历史关系数据库模式在全关系化空间数据库中组织时态信息的方法,从而实现时空数据库.以麦地轮作为例说明了采用历史关系数据库模式建立时空数据库的可行性和有效性.     

基于三维时空数据库的地信时空过程可视化研究

随着GIS数据不断更新,大量的GIS历史数据也不断累积起来。本文即是着眼于如何有效利用累积下来的多个时期的数据,模拟地信时空过程,让人们能直观了解空间信息的发展变化过程。论文先介绍了由地理信息时空数据建立的三维时空数据库,然后阐述了在此数据库支持下的地信时空过程可视化的实现技术。本文的研究是一次时态GIS与3D-GIS结合应用的尝试,实现了4D概念下更为逼真和动感的地理信息服务方式。     

利用MongoDB的地籍时空数据库研究

采用MongoDB对地籍时空数据库进行设计和建设,较好地适应了地籍数据特点,实现对地籍时空数据的有效管理。     

基于双效机制的时空数据模型研究

地理特征对象是时空数据组织的基本单元,而事件是导致时空数据发生变化的根本原因。在分析、借鉴前人的时空数据管理方法的基础上,通过分析事件驱动的特征对象数据存储与管理机制,提出了一种基于特征和事件双效机制的TG IS时空数据模型。同时结合土地利用的时空数据特点,设计了基于该模型的时空数据的快速索引机制和时空数据库。实际运行表明基于该模型的TG IS系统设计方案能高效、快速、全面地实现时空数据的存储、管理和分析。     

利用Hilbert曲线与Cassandra技术实现时空大数据存储与索引

随着越来越多的轨迹数据被记载,各种应用场景下的海量、复杂数据需要高效的存储与索引。传统的关系型数据库难以满足海量轨迹数据的存储、扩展及特定的查询需求,而具有扩展简单、读写快速、成本低廉特点的非关系型数据库为此提供了一种可行的解决方案。设计并实现了一种基于Cassandra数据库的数据降维及键值存储、索引方法,可对时空轨迹数据进行高效管理。为进一步提高效率,融合了Hilbert曲线编码技术将空间分割成小单元,并将轨迹数据映射到不同单元中。充分利用时空局部性原理,为不同应用场景下的轨迹数据设计并实现了对应的分区键与聚簇键,实现轨迹对象时空近邻存储,令数据查询更为有效。基于实际应用场景的实验结果表明,所提出的方法能有效支撑海量轨迹数据的存储与索引,并在数据的插入、查询及存储结构可扩展性等方面优于其他时空大数据索引和查询方法。     

多粒度时空对象数据入库方法初探

全空间信息系统中,多粒度时空对象建模最终成果主要分为多粒度时空对象交换格式数据和多粒度时空对象数据库数据两种形式。对比分析了两者对多粒度时空对象的组织和存储方式,探讨了对象数据入库流程,设计并实现了基于规则的多粒度时空对象入库方法。该方法主要有两点优势:1)实现了入库工具与源数据格式及目标数据库结构的解耦、减少了编码工作量;2)为应对后续多粒度时空对象建模理论的演进与发展提供了灵活而强大的扩展机制。实验表明该方法为多粒度时空对象数据入库提供了一个可行的解决方案。     

基于空间数据库的地籍时空数据组织

通过分析地籍数据的时态查询需求和空间数据库中数据的存储特点,以宗地的空间变化为主线,设计了一种地籍时空数据组织方法.该方法结构简单、实现容易、执行效率高,很好地满足了地籍数据时空管理的要求.     

基于ArcGIS的时空数据库的设计与实现

一般的数据库基本上不存储旧的、过时的数据，而时空数据库则包括任何历史数据，使数据库可以成为任何一个系统和部门的完整的电子信息档案库。本文通过基于ArcGIS基础空间数据库的建库，运用ArcGIS的历史归档机制，探索出一套时空数据库的设计与实现方案。     

国、省基础时空信息数据库联动更新方法研究

为利用省级地理信息数据库实现国家基础时空地理信息数据库的动态更新,本文对国、省基础时空数据库联动更新方法开展研究,并实现了联动更新关键技术。通过研究基础地理信息联动更新模式和变化信息提取方法,设计了联动更新方法技术路线和要素联动更新模型,并进行了联动更新系统开发,开展1∶10 000地形数据联动更新1∶50 000地形数据的生产试验,经验证该方法具有可行性,对于国、省基础时空信息数据库联动更新具有一定的参考价值。     

动态多基态变粒度时空修正模型在矿区地质环境中的应用

针对矿区地质环境污染面积动态变迁和实时监测问题,首先根据TGIS中的时间属性表达特性,分别将时间粒度表达和变粒度时空存储因子设计与现有的动态多级基态修正模型进行综合集成表示,提出了一种动态多基态变粒度的修正模型,实现了时间粒度动态变化过程中多基态自动确立问题;其次结合某矿区地质环境面积变迁的时空数据特征,分别设计了时空数据库的五库结构和数据库组织结构,实现了矿区地质环境面积变迁时空数据库的逻辑和物理结构设计;然后通过结合TGIS和视频播放器原理,实现了矿区地质环境面积变化场景的回放,并采用空间数据库查询语句实现了地质环境面积变化的超前预演;最后以某矿区地质环境数据为例,实践表明：动态多基态变粒度的修正模型可实时监测矿区地质环境类型面积的变迁过程,增加了复垦区域的面积,实现了矿区地质环境面积变迁数据的存储、再现和未来变迁的预演。     

基于宗地变更的地籍时空数据库研究

地籍信息具有明显的时间特征,怎样有效地处理时间信息,以及如何将时间、空间及属性数据合理地组织在地籍信息系统的研究中具有重要意义。本文借鉴目前TG IS和各种应用模型的优势,提出一种基于宗地变更的时空数据库设计思想,针对地籍系统中地籍信息的历史查询和回溯的需求,将数据库分为现势库、历史库和变更库,弥补了有些时空数据库过于臃肿、或实体分类过于复杂从而影响系统运行效率等缺陷,以期对时态G IS在地籍信息系统中的研究有所帮助。     

基于分层子网的时空索引机制

目前,已有的时空索引机制主要考虑时空对象,缺乏对显式表达的时空关系的索引,不便于因果关系查询,降低了图论时空模型的实用性。这里扩展了图的数学概念,提出了时空图的分割策略,构建了基于分层子网的时空索引机制,实现了时空对象与时空关系索引的一体化,增强了基于图论的时空数据库的灵活性,有利于因果关系的查询。     

Assessing Similarity of Geographic Processes and Events

The increased availability of spatiotemporal data collected from satellite imagery and other remote sensors provides opportunities for enhanced analysis of geographic phenomena. Much of the new data includes regular snapshots of the environment. Comparison of these snapshots can provide information about changes to the phenomena of interest. However, conventional GIS data models and analytical tools lack capabilities to adequately handle massive multidimensional data. One of the fundamental tools necessary to meet such challenges is query support to retrieve and summarize data according to dynamic geographic phenomena, such as geographic events and processes, of interest. Such query support depends upon abilities to assess spatiotemporal similarity so that data representing geographic events that exhibit the spatiotemporal characteristics of interest can be identified in a GIS database. To this end, this paper introduces a method to assess similarity of geographic events and processes (such as storms) based on their spatiotemporal characteristics (such as distribution of precipitation). We developed six indices to capture static and dynamic characteristics of geographic events and applied the Dynamic Time Warping method to temporal sequences of the six indices to examine the similarity among these events. With a case study, we demonstrated the proposed indices and method capable of comparing spatiotemporal characteristics of events as recorded in a GIS database and categorizing spatiotemporal data into groups of events according to their behavior in space and time.     

网络中移动对象的二维时空索引

基于2DSTMON(2-Dimensional spatio-temporal indexfor moving objects in network)二维时空数据模型,提出了一种新的二维网络中移动对象的时空索引2DSTI及其时空查询算法。这种二维时空索引机制简单且易于实现,支持当前轨迹数据和历史轨迹数据的大量时空查询操作。在此基础上,通过实验实现并验证了二维时空索引机制及其时空查询算法。     

时空模型在宗地变更和历史回溯中的研究

地籍信息具有显著的时间特性,将地籍数据的时间、空间及属性三者合理地组织在地籍信息系统中的研究具有重要意义。本文借鉴目前TGIS和各种时空应用模型的优势,提出一种基于宗地变更的时空数据结构。针对地籍管理系统中宗地变更和历史回溯的需求,将数据库分为历史库和变更库,比较好的实现了宗地管理要求,有效弥补了一些时空数据库过于臃肿、系统运行效率低下等缺陷。     

基于双时态的高速公路设施时空数据模型研究

本文首先简要分析了现有高速公路设备设施管理系统对时空数据管理能力上的不足,强调了时空数据对管理高速公路设备设施的必要性.在双时态关系数据结构的基础上,结合空间数据模型提出了双时态空间数据模型,并依据高速公路设施管理的特点构建了相应的数据结构和数据操作步骤.为实现高速公路设施管理从三维空间化到时间空间四维化的跨越作出了有益的探索.     

A spatiotemporal algebra in Hadoop for moving objects

Spatiotemporal data represent the real-world objects that move in geographic space over time. The enormous numbers of mobile sensors and location tracking devices continuously produce massive amounts of such data. This leads to the need for scalable spatiotemporal data management systems. Such systems shall be capable of representing spatiotemporal data in persistent storage and in memory. They shall also provide a range of query processing operators that may scale out in a cloud setting. Currently, very few researches have been conducted to meet this requirement. This paper proposes a Hadoop extension with a spatiotemporal algebra. The algebra consists of moving object types added as Hadoop native types, and operators on top of them. The Hadoop file system has been extended to support parameter passing for files that contain spatiotemporal data, and for operators that can be unary or binary. Both the types and operators are accessible for the MapReduce jobs. Such an extension allows users to write Hadoop programs that can perform spatiotemporal analysis. Certain queries may call more than one operator for different jobs and keep these operators running in parallel. This paper describes the design and implementation of this algebra, and evaluates it using a benchmark that is specific to moving object databases.     

3-D Geovisualization of satellite images on smart devices by the integration of spatial DBMS,RESTful API and WebGL

Recent technological advancements in web-based geographic information systems have enabled access to satellite images on smart devices. The Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture overcomes difficulties that are associated with conventional data communications on the web, and the Web Graphics Library (WebGL) can be used as an alternative to web-based three-dimensional geographic visualization (3-D geovisualization) due to its efficient image processing capabilities. This paper describes a 3-D geovisualization system that was developed for satellite images on smart devices by integrating a spatial database management system (DBMS), a RESTful application programming interface (API), and WebGL. Spatiotemporal objects were constructed for time-series satellite images within a DBMS and a RESTful API was built for spatiotemporal queries to the time-series database so that the requested satellite data could be represented in 3-D on smart devices using WebGL. Satellite images that are represented in WebGL give a more realistic 3-D experience when they are combined with terrain data and provide for intuitive observations of the relationships between pixel values and associated geospatial conditions. This paper shows that a creative combination of existing technologies can be used to enhance and display satellite images on smart devices for 3-D geovisualization.     

Use of a Three-Domain Repesentation to Enhance GIS Support for Complex Spatiotemporal Queries

As the development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) proceeds to advanced scientific and societal applications, there is an emerging need to enhance GIS support for complex spatiotemporal queries. Dynamic GIS representations (as opposed to static, map-based representations) that can integrate proper data elements in the production of geographic information are required. This paper demonstrates the use of a three-domain representation that facilitates compilation of higher-level information (such as frequency and rate) from preliminary data records (such as time and location) stored in a database. The three-domain representation is compared with snapshot, space-time composite, and spatiotemporal object models using a sample data set for forest transitions. While the three-domain representation is a normalization of these data models, it offers a conceptual alternative that enables GIS to represent spatiotemporal behaviors of geographic entities, in addition to entities as well as histories at locations as emphasized in most GIS data models. The comparison shows that the three-domain representation has combined the strengths of the space-time composite and spatiotemporal object models. Moreover, it enables aggregations of analytical use along with dynamic mappings between geographic concepts and locations, a distinct capability that takes GIS query processing beyond the level of information support offered by static map-based data models.