聚丙烯纤维增强异形柱边节点的抗震性能研究

通过3个聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土异形柱边节点和1个普通混凝土异形柱边节点的低周反复荷载试验,对比研究了聚丙烯纤维增强对混凝土异形柱节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明:采用聚丙烯纤维增强可以提高节点的开裂荷载和变形能力,减小核心区内裂缝的数量和宽度,延缓构件的刚度退化,减轻节点的累积损伤程度,有效改善节点的破坏形态,有利于节点抗震。     

含型钢边缘构件混合连肢墙结构抗震性能试验研究

为研究含型钢边缘构件混合连肢墙结构的抗震性能,进行了1个5层1/3缩尺模型试件低周反复加载试验.模型试件的耦连比为30％,根据底部剪力法采用三质点倒三角形加载形式.通过分析试件在循环荷载作用下的破坏形态、滞回曲线、刚度退化、延性及结构的耗能能力等,得到结构的破坏机理,并对结构抗震性能进行了评价.试验结果表明:该结构体系通过钢连梁的剪切变形和墙肢底部的塑性铰变形来耗散能量,能够明显改善钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙的抗震性能;但是耦连比为30％时,墙肢混凝土裂缝较为集中,破坏主要出现在底部两层,建议提高耦连比进行进一步研究.     

双肢空腹式型钢高强混凝土短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过一榀型钢混凝土梁连接的空腹式型钢高强混凝土短肢剪力墙模型的拟静力试验,考察该类双肢墙的抗震性能及破坏机制。试验结果表明:试件从型钢高强混凝土连梁屈服形成塑性铰,再到墙肢屈服发生破坏,呈现出强墙肢弱连梁的破坏机制,但破坏过程中仍具有较强的脆性特征;试件延性系数、耗能等效黏滞阻尼系数为4.15和0.170,表明该类结构具有较好的抗震变形及耗能能力;当水平位移比Δ/Δ_y=2时,试件剩余刚度只有初始刚度的23.6%,表明该类结构在连梁遭受地震损伤后的刚度退化严重,抗侧稳定性变差。     

双钢板高强混凝土联肢剪力墙抗震性能分析

为研究双钢板高强混凝土联肢剪力墙抗震性能,首先进行了1个试件的拟静力试验,试件的破坏形态为压弯破坏,破坏模式为连梁端部剪坏,端柱底部钢管和墙肢底部钢板屈曲后混凝土压溃。利用ABAQUS软件建立试件的有限元模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。在此基础上,通过单调推覆分析研究了边缘约束构件形式、连梁形式及耦连比等因素对组合联肢剪力墙抗震性能的影响。提出组合联肢墙的抗弯承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

SRC异形柱-钢梁空间中节点与CFST异形柱-钢梁空间中节点的抗震性能对比

为了研究不同约束机理的配钢形式对钢与混凝土组合异形柱-钢梁空间中节点抗震性能的影响,设计了4个型钢混凝土异形柱-钢梁空间中节点,并对其进行了低周反复加载试验,在联合钢管混凝土异形柱-钢梁空间中节点抗震性能成果的基础上,对比分析了相关节点在破坏形态、滞回曲线、耗能能力及变形性能方面的差异。研究结果表明:配型钢的空间中节点主要发生剪切斜压破坏,同时具有黏结裂缝的破坏形态,而配钢管的空间中节点则发生了核心区的剪切破坏;钢管节点试件的标准化滞回曲线包围了型钢节点试件,且其抗剪承载能力更好、初始刚度和耗能能力更大,但延性性能没有足够的优势。     

内藏不同高宽比分块钢板双肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

内藏分块钢板双肢剪力墙是由钢管混凝土边框、型钢混凝土叠合暗柱、墙肢内藏分块钢板、连梁内藏钢板、混凝土墙体、混凝土连梁等构件组成。对4个1∶5缩尺,剪跨比为1.68,轴压比为0.3的组合双肢剪力墙试件进行了低周反复荷载试验。研究不同内藏钢板布置形式、不同钢板用钢量对试件抗震性能的影响,考察了内藏分块钢板双肢剪力墙的破坏形态、滞回特性、刚度、变形及耗能能力,分析了剪力墙各部件在水平荷载作用下的合理屈服破坏顺序。试验结果表明:4个试件均发生弯剪型破坏,内藏分块钢板双肢剪力墙相比于钢管混凝土边框双肢剪力墙整体抗侧刚度大,具有较强的耗能能力、变形能力及延性,对抗震有利;分块钢板参数选择对双肢剪力墙抗震性能影响明显。     

混凝土框架柱塑性铰区抗剪性能非线性有限元分析

为保证框架柱端塑性铰达到预期的塑性转动之前,柱端塑性铰区不出现剪切破坏,结合框架柱塑性铰区抗剪承载力的试验研究,利用ANSYS对10个框架柱构件塑性铰区的抗剪性能进行了非线性有限元分析;有限元模型中混凝土采用SOLID65单元,钢筋采用LINK8单元,分离式建模,施加约束时将试验构件上梁上端表面的所有节点在竖直方向耦合,以保证塑性铰出现在柱端;计算了10个构件的骨架曲线,框架柱塑性铰区弹性工作阶段、带裂缝工作阶段和破坏阶段的应力云图和破坏时的裂缝分布图,将以上计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,数值计算结果和试验结果符合良好,验证了有限元模型建立的准确性,所建模型可为今后同类问题的非线性有限元计算提供参考。     

带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒斜向加载拟静力试验研究

为研究双向耦合作用对带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒抗震性能的影响,对两个试件进行了低周往复荷载试验,其中HCW-P加载角度为0°,HCW-D为45°。研究了不同加载角度时,试件的破坏形态、承载力、延性、耗能等。结果表明,斜向45°加载试件的破坏形态与0°加载试件有较大的不同,HCW-D斜裂缝主要集中于中部墙肢,端部墙肢则主要为水平裂缝,而HCW-P则是水平及斜裂缝共存于腹板;在抗震性能方面,HCW-D的屈服位移、极限位移均有提高,延性系数下降,峰值承载力及耗能增加。对HCW-D的混凝土及钢筋应变进行了分析,应变分布表明,在受到正向水平荷载作用时,一个端部墙肢以受拉为主,呈小偏心受拉,另一个则是以受压为主,呈小偏心受压,且中部墙肢洞口约束边缘构件受压较大,连梁参与作用较小。     

预制预应力混凝土拼装框架梁柱节点抗震性能研究

针对采用预应力钢筋进行干式连接的预制预应力混凝土拼装框架梁柱节点进行抗震性能研究。设计制作了一组节点试件,对其进行低周往复加载试验和数值分析,观测节点变形与破坏特征,得到试件梁端力－位移滞回曲线,分析节点承载力、耗能水平与变形能力。结果表明:通过接缝开合可在较小位移下控制构件的损伤程度,破坏模式以柱端牛腿压剪破坏为主;与现浇混凝土梁柱节点相比,该节点具有良好的变形能力和自复位特征,但是节点整体耗能能力较低;采用简化的基于多折线骨架曲线的本构模型可以对节点的力学性能进行简化等效模拟。     

单层建筑大砌模网格墙抗震性能试验研究

保温砌模现浇钢筋混凝土网格剪力墙结构是一种新型模板保温一体化的住宅建筑结构体系.为将其用于单层农村住宅,提出一种在保证结构安全的前提下可降低工程造价的大砌模低配筋网格墙结构.通过1个试件的拟静力试验,研究大砌模低配筋网格墙的破坏形态、承载能力、变形能力等抗震性能,为工程应用提供试验依据.试验结果表明:大砌模低配筋网格墙的破坏形态为横肢两端出现竖向裂缝或交叉斜裂缝,竖肢水平开裂,两端根部混凝土压碎脱落;试件的承载力满足8度抗震设防要求.     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.