新疆东天山土屋斑岩铜矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

本文在系统总结前人关于土屋矿床地质特征及成矿作用的基础上,开展了氢氧同位素研究及石英流体包裹体均一法和冷冻法测温,并对石英样品进行了气相及离子色谱测量,对石英中流体包裹体中的稀土元素进行了测试。结果表明,流体包裹体均一温度变化于125~363℃,主要集中于140~200℃,盐度变化于0.18%~58.28%NaCl,主要集中于2%~10% NaCl。流体包裹体气相的主要成分为H₂O和CO₂,液相成分以Ca²⁺、Na⁺、SO^2-₄、Cl^-为主。石英流体包裹体中∑REE 为8.07×10^-6~ 12.15×10^-6,轻、重稀土之比值（LREE/HREE）变化于5.39~6.75,δEu为1.80~1.91。流体包裹体中稀土元素配分型式呈右倾型,并表现出Eu的正异常及Ce的负异常。石英中流体包裹体的δD_V-SMOW值为-70‰~-66‰,石英的δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW为9.4‰~12.3‰,计算所得的δ¹⁸O_水为-5.1‰~-1.2‰。根据离子色谱分析结果,F^-/Cl^-介于0.009~0.024之间,SO^2-₄/Cl^-介于0.45~1.01之间。综合以上流体包裹体的组成和特征,表明成矿流体可能主要来源于岩浆水和大气降水。     

湖南石门雄黄矿床成矿流体演化与成矿作用

对湖南石门雄黄矿床流体包裹体进行了详细研究,得到气液包亵体均一化温度为270~78℃ ,盐度为1.19%~16.03%NaCl。对与雄黄、雌黄共生方解石包裹体的氢、氧同位素进行了测定,得到δ¹⁸O_H2O为-68‰~-5.7‰、δD_H2O为-55‰ ~ -47‰ ,表明成矿流体主要为古大气降水,并混入了建造水。计算了成矿流体盐度、密度、压力以及成矿环境的Eh和pH等物理化学参数,为探讨雄黄矿床成矿作用提供了依据。     

云南哀牢山老王寨大型造山型金矿成矿流体地球化学

云南哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期金矿带,而老王寨是其中最大的金矿。流体包裹体研究显示:老王寨金矿含金石英脉中流体包裹体类型主要为NaCl-H₂O型和CO₂-H₂O型,其均一温度为102~302℃, 峰值为160~180℃;流体盐度范围变化较大,介于2.5%~12.9% NaCleqv之间,峰值为6.0%~7.5% NaCleqv,显示老王寨成矿流体具有中低盐度和中低温度的特征。 氢氧同位素测定显示成矿流体δD_H2O=-115‰~-90‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O=5.2‰~6.8‰,显示其组成主要为岩浆水,可能与有机沉积物发生过同位素交换。流体包裹体碳同位素组成(δ¹³C为-6.5‰~-3.9‰)基本落在幔源碳变化范围之内,说明其中CO₂可能来自地壳深部,甚至上地幔。综合成矿地质特征和成矿流体的证据,提出老王寨金矿为喜马拉雅期造山型金矿。     

新疆阿尔泰两棵树铁矿流体包裹体及氢氧同位素特征

新疆两棵树铁矿位于阿尔泰南缘克朗盆地,矿床赋存于中-上泥盆统阿勒泰镇组片岩与二长花岗岩接触带的伟晶岩中。本文对矿石中石英流体包裹体进行显微测温分析,结果显示包裹体类型以液体包裹体为主,流体的均一温度变化于156~367℃,主要集中于210~250℃,成矿流体盐度w(NaCl_eq)为0.18%~18.72,密度为0.80~0.95 g/cm³,表明成矿流体属中温度、低盐度、中低密度的H₂O-NaCl体系。石英的δD_SMOW为-110‰~-76‰,δ¹⁸O_SMOW为5.3‰~7.9‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O为1.03‰~1.07‰,表明成矿流体来源于岩浆水,混合大气降水; 成矿时代为中泥盆世(约377 Ma),成矿作用与二长花岗岩的侵入有关; 温度和压力的降低、流体混合、水岩反应等在铁成矿过程中起着主导作用。     

桂西隆或金矿床流体包裹体与C-H-O-He-Ar同位素对成矿流体来源的制约

广西隆或金矿床位于右江盆地隆或孤立碳酸盐岩台地内部,为一产于C/D不整合面上的层状卡林型矿床。为了查明隆或金矿的成矿流体来源,探讨矿床成因,本次工作对其开展了详细的野外地质考察,对不同成矿阶段石英、方解石进行了系统的包裹体岩相学观察、显微测温及C-H-O-He-Ar同位素分析。包裹体岩相学及测温结果显示,石英、方解石中主要发育富液相气液两相水溶液包裹体,含有少量CO₂三相包裹体。其中石英中包裹体均一温度集中在170.4~282.6℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）集中在2.57%~8.41%,密度为0.774~0.938 g/cm³;方解石中包裹体的均一温度集中在178.5~237℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）集中在2.9%~7.17%,密度为0.845~0.935 g/cm³,为中低温、低盐度、低密度的H₂O-NaCl体系。通过计算得出成矿流体的成矿压力为45.83~74.17 MPa,成矿深度为1.611~2.472 km。石英的δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为25.5‰~28.7‰,对应的δ¹⁸O_H2O为14.10‰~17.18‰,δDV-SMOW值为-79‰~-51‰,两个阶段石英H、O同位素投点虽位于变质水区域及附近,但Ⅱ阶段石英具有向岩浆水漂移的趋势。方解石的δ¹³C_PDB集中在-6.5‰~-4.6‰,δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW分布在19.9‰~21.1‰,其投点靠近海相碳酸盐岩区域,表明方解石的形成主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解。石英包裹体中³He/⁴He的值为0.351~0.744 Ra,位于地幔氦和地壳氦之间,幔源He （%）值为5.11%~11.17%,说明地壳流体占主导地位;方解石中³He/⁴He值为0.038~0.073 Ra,位于地壳氦附近。石英、方解石的⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar值为303.1~436.4,经计算得成矿流体中大气⁴⁰Ar贡献介于67.71%~97.49%,表明了成矿流体具有壳幔混合的特征,并且有大量大气水的参与。综上分析,文章推测隆或金矿床中原始成矿流体来自深部岩浆流体,原始成矿流体在上升过程中与盆地建造水发生混合,形成了多流体混合的成矿流体,并且随着成矿的进行,大量的大气降水或地下水的渗入。结合构造环境、矿化蚀变等特征,文章认为隆或金矿床为中低温低压浅成热液卡林型金矿床。     

藏南折木朗造山型金矿成矿流体地球化学和成矿机制

折木朗金矿位于青藏高原雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段的南侧,矿体受大型脆-韧性剪切带的次级断裂控制。系统的显微测温和激光拉曼测定显示折木朗金矿矿石中存在3类流体包裹体: NaCl-H₂O溶液包裹体(类型Ⅰ);含CO₂盐水溶液包裹体(类型Ⅱ),此类包裹体又分为两相(Ⅱa)和三相(Ⅱb)2个小类;Ⅲ纯气相包裹体。折木朗金矿床中流体包裹体显微测温显示该矿成矿流体的盐度范围为2.31%~7.39% NaCleqv,平均值为5.33%% NaCleqv,峰值为4.0%~7.0% NaCleqv;均一温度的范围为164.5~273.1℃,峰值为220~240℃,平均值为221.0℃。相对应的密度范围为0.82~0.93g·cm^-3,峰值为0.84~0.90g·cm^-3,平均值为0.88g·cm^-3。折木朗金矿床成矿流体具有富含CO₂、低盐度、低密度、中低温度的特征,与造山型金矿成矿流体相似。此外,同位素测定显示成矿流体的氢氧碳同位素组成分别为δD_H2O=-36.7‰~-107.5‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O=4.1‰~5.5‰,δ¹³C=-9.6‰~-11.5‰,说明成矿流体主要为变质水,但有地幔流体的加入。综合成矿地质特征和成矿流体的证据,提出折木朗金矿为陆陆碰撞造山型金矿。     

河北省青龙满族自治县四拨子-六拨子钼铜矿床成矿流体及成矿机制探讨

河北省青龙满族自治县四拨子-六拨子钼铜矿位于燕辽成矿带东部,是近年来发现的中型钼铜矿床。辉钼矿呈细脉状、网脉状、浸染状、薄膜状赋存于长城系石英砂岩及白云岩中的矽卡岩带,钼矿化与硅化关系密切。矿体呈似层状、脉状和透镜状。矿床的形成经历了矽卡岩期和石英-硫化物期,铜和钼矿化主要形成于石英-硫化物期。研究表明,矽卡岩期矿物以发育液体包裹体为特征,石英-硫化物期石英中主要发育液体包裹体、含CO₂两相和三相包裹体。矽卡岩期成矿流体为高-中温(192~497℃)、中-低盐度(5.41%~16.53% NaCleqv)、中-低密度(0.59~0.92g/cm³)的NaCl-H₂O体系。石英-硫化物期成矿流体为中-低温(主要变化于160~330℃)、低盐度(2.07%~15.17% NaCleqv)和中低密度(0.69~1.01g/cm³)的NaCl-H₂O-CO₂ (±CH₄/N₂)型流体。石英的δD_SMOW为-128‰~-80‰,δ¹⁸O_SMOW值为9.6‰~14‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O值为-3.61%~5.30‰,表明成矿流体具有岩浆水混合大气降水的特征。硫化物的δ³⁴S变化于-0.9‰~5.7‰,平均值为2.9‰,表明成矿物质中硫来自深部岩浆。成矿时代为早侏罗世早期,成矿作用与花岗斑岩岩浆期后热液活动有关。     

哀牢山变质带丫口宝石伟晶岩形成物理化学条件及成因研究

丫口宝石伟晶岩产于哀牢山南段二长花岗岩及变质岩中,伟晶岩含熔融包裹体、熔融一流体包裹体、CO₂流体包裹体及气-液包裹体。成矿温度为105~185℃,压力30～45 MPa,成矿溶液富含CO₂、HCO₃,盐度17%～24%NaCI,fO₂=10^-36～10^-37.47,δ¹⁸O值变化范围在7.9‰～8.7‰,δD为- 57‰～- 68‰,δ¹³C为2.1‰～-0.1‰。成矿物质来源于基底建造,属变质深熔成因,成矿时代为喜山期。     

石碌钴-铜矿床流体包裹体和稳定同位素特征及成因

海南石碌钴-铜矿体赋存于石碌群第六层的下段,即介于铁矿体与石碌群第五层片岩之间的含钴-铜层位中,容矿岩石主要为白云岩、透辉石透闪石化白云岩。钴-铜矿床的形成经历了海底喷溢沉积期、石英-硫化物期(热液期)和表生期。海底喷溢沉积期石英包裹体均一温度变化于112~205℃,多集中在130~205℃;盐度w(NaCl_eq)为1.74%~6.59%;密度变化于0.88~0.95 g/cm³。温度范围与很多古代沉积喷流矿床及正在活动的海底热液成矿作用的温度相似,盐度低于曾报道的多数沉积喷流矿床的流体包裹体盐度值, 但与那些同为低密度成矿流体的喷流沉积矿床极为相近。海底喷溢沉积期形成的硬石膏δ³⁴S值为+21.4‰~+21.8‰,平均值为+21.6‰,强烈富集重硫,硬石膏δ³⁴S值代表着新元古代石碌群沉积时海水的δ³⁴S值。石英-硫化物期石英、白云石和方解石均一温度多集中在170~270℃;盐度w(NaCl_eq)为1%~7%;密度变化于0.88~0.95 g/cm³。成矿流体属于中温低盐度流体。石英-硫化物期成矿流体δD值为-63‰~-83‰,成矿流体δ¹⁸O_水值变化于1.3‰~6.8‰之间,指示成矿流体来源于岩浆,成矿后期有大气降水的加入。石英-硫化物期硫化物δ³⁴S值为+8.1‰~+21.2‰,硫源来源于石碌群中蒸发岩的溶解作用。石碌钴-铜矿床属中温热液充填交代矿床,与矿床周围花岗质岩浆活动有关。     

山东金翅岭金矿成矿流体特征

[摘 要]通过流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体稀土元素等的分析,研究山东金翅岭金矿床成矿流体性质和演化,研究结果表明:流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体,另有少量液相包裹体。包裹体气相成分主要以H₂O、CO₂为主。液相成分属Na⁺-K⁺-Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-Cl^--SO²_-4体系,成矿流体为岩浆热液夹有变质水和大气降水的混合流体。流体包裹体的均一温度介于140～350℃,金的主成矿期为第域和第芋阶段,成矿温度范围为290℃～185℃,流体盐度介于7.3%～8.9%,为中-低温、低盐度的成矿流体。石英、黄铁矿包裹体稀土元素特征研究表明:轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具有中等负铕异常,标准化曲线为略右倾曲线。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of