塔里木盆地西南坳陷昆仑山前古近系卡拉塔尔组储层沉积特征及其预测评价

塔里木盆地西南缘沿西昆仑山前古近系卡拉塔尔组沉积巨厚的碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩混层,分布范围西至喀什、东至叶城县克里阳地区,有3次大规模的海侵海退,即3个沉积微旋回;沉积储层展布的划分以同由路克、和什拉甫为界,同由路克地区为海湾泻湖区,七美干至和什拉甫为台地至台地边缘的碳酸盐岩沉积区,和什拉甫至普司格为碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩混合沉积区;成岩环境有浅海海底成岩环境、潮坪成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境;因成岩白云石化作用形成的细晶白云岩伴生的晶间孔隙与因混合白云石化作用形成的粉晶砂屑白云岩、泥晶粉晶腹足云灰岩被溶蚀产生的粒内孔隙和粒间孔隙皆为较好的储层类型;评价结果显示:喀什凹陷卡拉塔尔组碎屑岩储层大部分具有超低孔超低渗的特点,碳酸盐岩储层属于超低孔特低渗储层,叶城凹陷卡拉塔尔组为特低孔特低渗储层。     

塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地海相碳酸盐岩规模储层发育地质背景初探

前人对碳酸盐岩储层的研究重点关注储层的特征和成因上,很少关注规模储层发育的地质背景问题,而这又是深层油气勘探不可回避的问题。本文基于塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地碳酸盐岩储层实例分析,提出了不同类型储层规模发育的地质背景,认为相控型碳酸盐岩规模储层主要发育于蒸发台地、碳酸盐缓坡及台地边缘三类沉积背景,成岩型碳酸盐岩规模储层发育的控制因素复杂,具有较大的不确定性,受先存储层规模及热液规模的控制,受区域构造运动控制的成岩型储层一般具备规模发育的条件。本文还特别讨论了镶边台缘背景下台内礁滩储层的规模问题,指出障壁类型、障壁的连续性、台地类型、台内水深和地貌共同控制台内礁滩储层的规模。规模储层发育地质背认识对深层碳酸盐岩勘探领域评价具重要的指导意义,指出了塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地近期值得关注的礁滩、岩溶和白云岩三类深层碳酸盐岩储层勘探领域。     

滨里海盆地东南缘晚古生代碳酸盐岩台地特征及控制因素

滨里海盆地东南缘晚古生代广泛发育碳酸盐岩台地,生物礁发育,为油气聚集提供了良好的储层。受北乌斯丘尔特板块和乌拉尔造山运动的影响,南恩巴和扎纳诺尔碳酸盐岩台地具有3层结构,田吉兹-卡沙甘台地和特梅尔台地具有2层结构;依据沉积特征、沉积演化及井震资料等建立了各碳酸盐岩台地的沉积模式。各碳酸盐岩台地发育以孔隙为主的储层,亦有溶洞和裂缝,是沉积作用及后期白云岩化、淋滤、重结晶等共同作用的结果。研究表明,各碳酸盐岩台地生长发育过程中主要受相对海平面变化的影响,构造运动控制着碳酸盐岩台地的位置、形态、沉积相带分布及地层结构,水动力条件强弱决定了沉积物的类型。碳酸盐岩台地的不同特征对油气勘探目标评价具有指导意义。     

鄂中地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩成岩作用及孔隙演化

本文根据岩石学特征、沉积构造、生物化石等标志将鄂中地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩沉积划分为五种不同的相带，其中以开阔台地相最为发育。并采用阴极发光、氧碳同位素、混合染色等手段，详细研究了该区碳酸盐岩成岩作用类型、成岩序列和孔隙演化特征。认为胶结、溶解、压溶作用和白云石化作用是控制该区碳酸盐岩储层的主要因素，聚集期孔隙形成于深埋藏成岩环境，与压溶作用和深部溶解作用密切相关     

塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层特征及其控油作用

寒武纪-奥陶纪塔里木盆地经历了4种不同类型的碳酸盐岩台地结构型式的演变。不同台地区带的碳酸盐岩层序结构特征显著不同,柯坪地区寒武系-奥陶系为一套碳酸盐岩为主的地层,发育7种不同特征的碳酸盐岩层序构型。库鲁克塔格地区层序总体表现为半深海-深海盆地相背景下的海底扇沉积。相带和层序界面对储层发育具有重要影响,不同级别的层序界面对其下碳酸盐岩储层的发育具有重要的控制作用,并对埋藏条件下的流体具有输导作用。流体对埋藏岩溶型储层的形成具有重要的改造作用,风化壳岩溶型储层受风化淋滤带和层序界面的控制,白云岩储层和礁滩型储层主要受沉积相和成岩相控制。     

南海南部北康盆地碳酸盐岩储层特征及油气成藏

在南海扩张过程中微板块断裂、碰撞、拼接的构造背景下,南海南部中新世以来发育碳酸盐岩台地及生物礁,经过后期成岩改造形成了大量碳酸盐岩储层并蕴藏着丰富的油气资源.为了了解该海域碳酸盐岩储层的发育特征和成因机制,以北康盆地高精度二维地震资料为基础并结合邻区岩心、薄片资料,对该区域碳酸盐岩储层发育的类型、储集空间、成岩作用以及控制因素开展了系统研究.结果表明,南海南部碳酸盐岩储层类型多且储集空间丰富,主要有两类,分别为礁滩储层和不整合面岩溶储层;发育多种孔隙类型,包括原生孔隙和次生孔隙,以次生孔隙为主,包括铸模孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔和晶内溶孔等. 该区域碳酸盐岩储集空间主要受白垩化作用、溶蚀作用和白云岩化的建设性改造,并且主要受构造、沉积、古气候和流体活动因素的控制.北康盆地碳酸盐岩可以作为良好的储层,并具有良好的油气成藏条件,能形成“下生上储”的碳酸盐岩油气藏.      

巴楚地区上寒武-下奥陶统丘里塔格群碳酸盐岩储层特征

巴楚地区上寒武-下奥陶统丘里塔格群碳酸盐岩储层是区内主要储层段,为一套局限台地沉积,其中"云岩、灰岩互层段"、"白云岩段"为有利储层层位。受沉积相、成岩作用和构造作用影响,储集空间类型主要是次生孔隙、溶洞和裂缝,尤其是溶蚀作用与断裂改造作用,使丘里塔格群碳酸盐岩形成优质储层。分布在南部康塔库木-玛扎塔格构造带已获得高产工业气流。      

塔里木盆地西部寒武-奥陶系储层分布特征

塔里木盆地西部在寒武-奥陶纪大体经历了两次一定规模的海侵-海退沉积,并相应形成了由4个三级旋回层序和2个二级旋回层序构成的层序地层格架.它不仅控制着不同沉积相的平面展布特征,而且控制着生储盖组合的时空分布规律.下寒武统肖尔布拉克组与吾松格尔组的高水位体系域局限台地相沉积,早期普遍经历了白云岩化作用,及后期大气淡水淋溶的综合改造,形成了平面上展布非常稳定的优质针孔状碳酸盐岩储集层段.奥陶系储层主要形成于高水位体系域开阔台地相、台地边缘相和藻滩相中,由于受海水成岩和埋藏成岩环境影响,胶结作用发育,致使储层整体面貌呈Ⅳ类差储集层.     

四川资阳地区灯影组滩相沉积及储集性研究

一般认为,高能沉积体是储层形成的有利相带之一,但对于碳酸盐岩来说,高能沉积相带仅是储层发育的基本条件之一,后期的成岩改造可能更为明显,它可将原生孔隙发育的高能沉积体转变为致密岩体。因此,碳酸盐岩储层的预测研究应将沉积相与成岩作用研究相结合。本文根据区内灯影组钻井岩芯的宏观、微观特征,结合物性资料,研究了滩相类型、特征、所经历的主要成岩类型及对储集性的影响,认为浅色的内碎屑滩、绵层状藻砂屑滩和鲕粒滩是有利于储层形成与演化的沉积相带,它们多分布于以资3、7井、资4井和资5井为中心的区块内,向其周边井区,这些有利滩相沉积体变薄、储集性变差。     

哈萨克斯坦Zanazor油田石炭系KT Ⅱ碳酸盐岩层成岩作用与孔隙演化

石炭系KT Ⅱ碳酸盐岩层是扎纳若尔油田的主要勘探开发层之一,研究成岩作用对储层孔隙演化的影响具有重要意义。在薄片观察及碳氧同位素、阴极发光、流体包裹体等地化分析的基础之上,阐明了研究区KT Ⅱ碳酸盐岩层的主要成岩作用类型、成岩序列及其对孔隙演化的影响,并得出如下结论：(1)对储集物性有明显影响的成岩作用主要包括压实-压溶作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用及破裂作用等;(2)划分出滩相亮晶颗粒灰岩和潮坪相灰泥石灰岩两类成岩演化模式及孔隙演化模式,前者可细分为亮晶有孔虫石灰岩和亮晶砂屑鲕粒石灰岩成岩及孔隙演化模式两种亚类;(3)成岩作用是储层储集物性的主控因素之一,岩石类型(受沉积微环境的控制)的差异决定着不同早期成岩响应,进而影响后期成岩改造,并控制着差异性储层的形成。因此,在沉积基础之上的成岩改造对储层储集性能差异性分布具有同样重要的控制作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of