Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions and Their Significance for Evolution of Petroleum Systems in the Dabashan Foreland, Central China

Field investigation combined with detailed petrographic observation indicate that abundant oil,gas,and solid bitumen inclusions were entrapped in veins and cements of sedimentary rocks in the Dabashan foreland,which were used to reconstruct the oil and gas migration history in the context of tectonic evolution.Three stages of veins were recognized and related to the collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block during the Indosinian orogeny from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(Dl),the southwest thrusting of the Qinling orogenic belt towards the Sichuan basin during the Yanshanian orogeny from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous(D2),and extensional tectonics during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(D3),respectively.The occurrences of hydrocarbon inclusions in these veins and their homogenization temperatures suggest that oil was generated in the early stage of tectonic evolution,and gas was generated later,whereas solid bitumen was the result of pyrolysis of previously accumulated hydrocarbons.Three stages of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions were also identified in cements of carbonates and sandstones of gas beds in the Dabashan foreland belt and the Dabashan foreland depression(northeastern Sichuan basin),which recorded oil/gas formation,migration,accumulation and destruction of paleo-reservoirs during the D2.Isotopic analysis of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions contained in vein minerals shows that δ~(13)C_1 of gas in fluid inclusions ranges from-17.0‰ to-30.4‰(PDB) and δD from-107.7‰ to-156.7‰(SMOW),which indicates that the gas captured in the veins was migrated natural gas which may be correlated with gas from the gas-fields in northern Sichuan basin.Organic geochemical comparison between bitumen and potential source rocks indicates that the Lower Cambrian black shale and the Lower Permian black limestone were the most possible source rocks of the bitumen.Combined with tectonic evolution history of the Dabashan foreland,the results of this study suggest that oil was generated from the Paleozoic source rocks in the Dabashan area under normal burial thermal conditions before Indosinian tectonics and accumulated to form paleo-reservoirs during Indosinian collision between the North China block and the Yangtz block.The paleo-reservoirs were destroyed during the Yanshanian tectonic movement when the Dabashan foreland was formed.At the same time,oil in the paleo-reservoirs in the Dabashan foreland depression was pyrolyzed to transform to dry gas and the residues became solid bitumen.     

Re–Os Dating of Bitumen from Paleo–Oil Reservoir in the Qinglong Antimony Deposit, Guizhou Province, China and Its Geological Significance

Abundant organic inclusions are present in the Qinglong antimony deposit. However, the source rocks of these organic matters have not been reliably identified. Recently, a paleo–oil reservoir was found in the Qinglong antimony deposit. In view of similar components of gaseous hydrocarbon, we propose that the organic matters observed in inclusions in Qinglong antimony deposit would come from this paleo–oil reservoir. We used the Re–Os dating method to determine the age of the bitumen from this paleo–oil reservoir, and obtained an isochron age of 254.3±2.8 Ma. The age indicates that the oilgeneration from source rock occurred in the early Late Permian, earlier than the Sb mineralization age(~148±8.5 Ma) in the Qinglong antimony deposit area. After oil generation from Devonian source rock, first and secondary migration, the crude oil have probably entered into the fractures and pores of volcanic rocks and limestone and formed a paleo–oil reservoir in the western wing of Dachang anticline. As burial process deepened, the crude oil has turned into natural gas, migrates into the core of Dachang anticline and formed a paleo–gas reservoir. The hydrocarbons(including CH_4) in the reservoirs can serve as reducing agent to provide the sulfur required for Sb mineralization through thermal chemical reduction of sulfates. Therefore, the formation of oil–gas in the area is a prerequisite for the Sb mineralization in the Qinglong antimony deposit.     

亚诺斯前陆盆地MM油田成藏规律及成藏模式

MM油田位于南美洲哥伦比亚境内亚诺斯前陆盆地东部斜坡带,远离西部烃源灶,以微幅度、小规模岩性-构造油藏为主。本文通过研究亚诺斯盆地构造演化史并充分结合研究区地质、测井、地震等资料,总结出MM油田具有"远源复合输导,断层遮挡式成藏"的油气成藏规律,油气远源输导控制油藏丰度,构造位置控制油气聚集,断层侧向封闭控制油藏分布,圈闭大小及储层物性条件直接影响油藏规模。在研究区,卡沃内拉组C7段储层为油气侧向运移主要载体,断层为油气垂向运移主要通道,断层断距与盖层厚度之间的匹配关系及圈闭条件共同控制MM油田成藏模式,形成了断鼻、岩性-断层及断层-岩性等3种油藏类型。     

济阳坳陷西部惠民凹陷第三纪火山岩型油藏成藏机理研究

在全面剖析济阳坳陷惠民凹陷第三纪火成岩空间分布规律的基础上 ,对本区火山岩的成藏机理进行了深入研究 ,总结了惠民凹陷火山岩型油气藏的成藏模式。惠民凹陷的主要烃源岩来自于南部的临南洼陷和北部的滋镇洼陷 ,由于本区火成岩主要沿 2个生烃凹陷间隆起带的临邑帚状断裂带展布 ,保证了火山岩带有充足的油源条件。油气运移的输导体系是由渗透性砂岩、断层、裂缝和不整合面的三维空间组合 ,研究区的临邑帚状断裂带、多期发育的裂缝和不整合面对油气向火山岩储层的运移至关重要。储集空间是储层质量好坏的决定因素 ,惠民凹陷的火山岩储层存在各种的原生储集空间 ,同时由于次生的断层活动和火成岩拱张作用形成了丰富的次生储集空间 ,极大地改善了本区火成岩的储层物性 ,是本区形成各类火成岩圈闭和油藏的保证。本区火成岩存在 3种类型的油气藏 ,即火成岩作为储层、火成岩作为盖层或遮挡层以及火成岩侵入动力型油气藏     

大巴山前陆冲断带古水动力演化阶段及其对油气藏形成和保存的影响

针对传统古水动力阶段划分存在的问题,结合大巴山前陆冲断带特殊构造特征,以油气成藏组合为单元,将大巴山前陆冲断带古水动力演化阶段划分为沉积水动力阶段、渗入水动力阶段、构造作用水动力阶段和埋藏水动力阶段。其中下部油气成藏组合主要经历了1个沉积水动力阶段、4个渗入水动力阶段、4个埋藏水动力阶段和3个构造作用水动力阶段,中部油气成藏组合主要经历了1个沉积水动力阶段、3个渗入水动力阶段、2个埋藏水动力阶段和3个构造作用水动力阶段,而上部油气成藏组合主要经历了渗入水动力阶段。二叠纪至早白垩世的埋藏水动力阶段有利于下部油气成藏组合油气的生成和运聚成藏,但是构造作用水动力阶段,对油气藏的调整和改造作用影响很大,晚白垩世之后的渗入水动力阶段,导致下部成藏组合的油气藏进一步遭到调整和破坏。在晚三叠世末至晚白垩世的埋藏水动力和构造作用水动力阶段,中部成藏组合的原油发生大量裂解,同时形成了许多调整-改造型油气藏,晚白垩世之后的渗入水动力和构造作用水动力阶段,大巴山前陆坳陷带中部成藏组合的油气藏发生了大量的调整和改造作用,而大巴山前陆基底拆离构造带和前陆盖层滑脱构造带中部成藏组合的油气藏则主要表现为改造和破坏作用。     

库车前陆盆地羊塔克地区流体包裹体特征及油气成藏过程

库车前陆盆地羊塔克地区油气资源丰富,明确油气充注历史和成藏演化过程对下一步油气勘探具有重要意义.利用流体包裹体岩相学观察、显微测温分析、定量颗粒荧光分析,并结合库车前陆盆地烃源岩热演化史以及构造演化史,分析了库车前陆盆地羊塔克地区的油气成藏过程.结果表明,羊塔克地区油气具有“晚期成藏,后期改造”的特征.库车坳陷中侏罗统恰克马克组烃源岩在15 Ma左右成熟(R_o＞0.5%),生成的成熟原油最早是在新近纪库车早期,约4.0 Ma时期,充注到羊塔克构造带,形成少量黄色荧光油包裹体,但大量充注是在约3.5 Ma时期.库车坳陷中下侏罗统煤系源岩是在约26 Ma时达到成熟,生成的天然气在约3.5 Ma,开始大规模的向羊塔克构造带充注.天然气充注后对早期少量原油进行气洗,形成发蓝色荧光的、气液比不一的油气包裹体.油气充注后,在羊塔1地区形成残余油气藏,油水界面位于5 390.75 m处.新近纪库车晚期(3.0~1.8 Ma),受喜山晚期构造运动影响,羊塔克地区油气藏发生调整改造,羊塔1地区白垩系的残余油气水界面向上迁移至现今的5 379.70 m处.      

中国前陆盆地油气富集规律

天然气的富集是中国前陆盆地的特点,煤系烃源岩发育是天然气富集的主要原因;中西部前陆盆地具有多期成藏的特征,构造多期叠合、古构造发育、多套烃源岩多期演化是油气多期成藏的主控因素;前陆盆地发育三套储盖组合和原源、它源两大套成藏体系,控制着油气纵向分布;前陆盆地不同构造带地质特征控制着油气区域分布规律,逆冲带、前缘隆起带油气藏主要分布于下部成藏体系,坳陷带油气藏主要分布于上部成藏体系;在逆冲山前带油藏被破坏形成油苗、沥青或残余油藏,在坳陷内的逆冲带和坳陷带主要聚集了成熟度相对较高的天然气,在斜坡带和前缘隆起带既聚集了早期形成的油（气）藏,又聚集了晚期成熟度相对较高的天然气。     

被动裂陷盆地油气分布规律及主控因素分析——以塔木察格盆地塔南坳陷为例

塔南凹陷为典型的被动裂陷盆地,构造演化历经了4个阶段:即被动裂陷阶段、主动裂陷阶段、断一坳转化阶段和坳陷阶段,形成两套含油气系统:即被动裂陷含油气系统和主动裂陷含油气系统,油气主要富集在被动裂陷含油气系统中.油气分布的主控因素概括为3个方面:1)是区域性盖层和长期发育的断层控制油气聚集的层位,盆地发育南一段上部和大一段...     

准噶尔盆地东部石炭系火山岩气藏石油地质特征及有利勘探方向分析

准噶尔盆地火山岩油气勘探取得重大进展。笔者经综合研究,提出影响该区天然气藏形成的石油地质主要特征是：前陆坳陷控制了烃源岩区域展布,后碰撞火山岩是主要的储层,古生代晚期的构造优化了储层物性并形成圈闭。松喀尔苏组为前陆坳陷磨拉石建造的近端粗碎屑岩沉积,是克拉美丽造山事件后快速沉积产物,作为主要烃源岩的下石炭统滴水泉组,是与松喀尔苏组同期前陆坳陷不同位置的沉积层系,滴水泉组是前陆坳陷中央的细粒沉积层系。后碰撞火山岩覆盖在前陆坳陷沉积层系之上,分布广泛,分布范围不受古生代造山带和现今构造单元控制。二叠纪发育断陷构造,形成凹隆相间的构造格局,在构造高部位的隆起区石炭系火山岩风化壳和构造裂缝,优化改善了火山岩储层的储集性能,形成有利油气运移通道和储集空间。克拉美丽山南缘的前陆坳陷中央为有利烃源岩分布区,该范围内的构造高部位的火山岩发育区,将是准噶尔盆地东部下一步火山岩油气藏勘探的有利区域。     

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷油气运移路径模拟及示踪

在油气成藏期分析的基础上, 采用盆地流线模拟技术对渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷成藏关键时刻油气运移过程进行了恢复, 根据原油含氮化合物和成熟度指标对典型油气富集区的油气运移路径进行了示踪.油气运移路径模拟结果表明, 研究区南部凹槽源内和源下油气藏在东营末期(距今24.6 Ma)有一期较小规模运移, 油气大规模运移时期为明化镇中期(距今9 Ma).南部凹槽源上油气藏和北部凹槽源内油气藏在明化镇中期有少量油气运移, 大规模运移时期为明化镇末期(距今2 Ma).目前南部凹槽勘探程度较低, 模拟结果表明其具有较大的勘探潜力.原油地球化学指标揭示在源上油气藏富集区, 对于伸入洼陷中心的油源断层, 油气主要沿断层走向, 向构造高部位及断层面两侧砂体运移; 对于平行洼陷中心的油源断层, 油气主要沿断层倾向向构造高部位运移.在源内油气藏富集区, 油气主要通过有效烃源岩层系内发育的砂体向构造高部位运移.      

Accumulation and Reformation of Silurian Reservoir in the Northern Tarim Basin

Silurian sandstone in Tarim Basin has good reservoir properties and active oil and gas shows, especially thick widely-distributed bituminous sandstone. Currently, the Silurian was found containing both bitumen and conventional reservoirs, with petroleum originating from terrestrial and marine source rocks. The diversity of their distribution was the result of "three sources, three stages" accumulation and adjustment processes. "Three sources" refers to two sets of marine rocks in Cambrian and Middle-Upper Ordovician, and a set of terrestrial rock formed in Triassic in the Kuqa depression. "Three stages" represents three stages of accumulation, adjustment and reformation occurring in Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian and Late Himalayan, respectively. The study suggests that the Silurian bitumen is remnants of oil generated from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks and accumulated in the sandstone reservoir during Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian and Late Hercynian stages, and then damaged by the subsequent two stages of tectonic uplift movements in Early Hercynian and Pre-Triassic. The authors presumed that the primary paleo-reservoirs formed during these two stages might be preserved in the Silurian in the southern deep part of the Tabei area. Except for the Yingmaili area where the Triassic terrestrial oil was from the Kuqa Depression during Late Himalayan Stage, all movable oil reservoirs originated from marine sources. They were secondary accumulations from underlying Ordovician after structure reverse during the Yanshan-Himalayan stage. Oil/gas shows mixed-source characteristics, and was mainly from Middle-Upper Ordovician. The complexity and diversity of the Silurian marine primary properties were just defined by these three stages of oil-gas charging and tectonic movements in the Tabei area.     

Oil and Gas Accumulation in the Foreland Basins, Central and Western China

<正>Foreland basin represents one of the most important hydrocarbon habitats in central and western China.To distinguish these foreland basins regionally,and according to the need of petroleum exploration and favorable exploration areas,the foreland basins in central and western China can be divided into three structural types:superimposed,retrogressive and reformative foreland basin(or thrust belt),each with distinctive petroleum system characteristics in their petroleum system components(such as the source rock,reservoir rock,caprock,time of oil and gas accumulation,the remolding of oil/gas reservoir after accumulation,and the favorable exploration area,etc.).The superimposed type foreland basins,as exemplified by the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin, characterized by two stages of early and late foreland basin development,typically contain at least two hydrocarbon source beds,one deposited in the early foreland development and another in the later fault-trough lake stage.Hydrocarbon accumulations in this type of foreland basin often occur in multiple stages of the basin development,though most of the highly productive pools were formed during the late stage of hydrocarbon migration and entrapment(Himalayan period).This is in sharp contrast to the retrogressive foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Permian to Triassic) such as the western Sichuan Basin,where prolific hydrocarbon source rocks are associated with sediments deposited during the early stages of the foreland basin development.As a result, hydrocarbon accumulations in retrogressive foreland basins occur mainly in the early stage of basin evolution.The reformative foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Himalayan period) such as the northern Qaidam Basin,in contrast,contain organic-rich,lacustrine so urce rocks deposited only in fault-trough lake basins occurring prior to the reformative foreland development during the late Cenozoic,with hydrocarbon accumulations taking place relatively late(Himalayan period).Therefore,the ultimate hydrocarbon potentials in the three types of foreland basins are largely determined by the extent of spatial and temporal matching among the thrust belts,hydrocarbon source kitchens,and regional and local caprocks.     

准噶尔盆地东北缘乌伦古坳陷油气成藏的构造制约

近年来随着地质工作的不断深入,在乌伦古坳陷发现丰富的油气资源。然而与盆地其余地区相比,其油气勘探开发程度仍较低。本文通过构造特征和断裂发育过程对乌伦古坳陷油气成藏规律进行了系统研究。研究区发育3套烃源岩,其中石炭系滴水泉组和巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩最为重要,索索泉凹陷中心为乌伦古坳陷的石炭系烃源岩生油中心。乌伦古坳陷油气藏的形成受控于逆冲断裂而呈带状分布,是逆冲断裂控制的油气聚集带。断裂活动自北往南变新,断裂活动期次与烃源岩生烃高峰期相匹配,沟通油源的深大断裂是油气运移的主要通道。浅部发育反冲断层,主要分布在斜坡区的喀拉萨伊断裂附近,对早期油气起到破坏作用。研究区断裂系统在平面上自北往南可分为根部带、中部带和前锋带,受断裂活动影响,构造圈闭和油气藏形成时期逐渐变新,层位逐渐变浅,类型由断层相关变为褶皱相关。     

油气运移动力及输导体系对海塔盆地油气分布的控制作用

海塔盆地属于陆相断陷盆地,受断裂控制,生烃面积小,油气运移范围局限,运移距离和方向受到运移动力和输导体系的影响.二次运移的动力包括浮力和构造活动力,其主要影响因素是地层倾角和断裂活动强度.输导体系包括砂体、断层、不整合及其空间组合.通过解剖海塔盆地典型油气藏,分析了源岩生排烃特征、储层沉积相、物性条件以及断层分布特征,...     

酒泉盆地青西凹陷油气地质特征及下步勘探方向

酒泉盆地油气勘探始于20世纪20年代,先后发现了老君庙、鸭儿峡、单北、白杨河等油田。盆地在中、新生代经历了早白垩世断陷盆地演化阶段和新生代前陆盆地演化阶段,为断拗叠置型盆地。断陷期的酒泉盆地下白垩统赤金堡组和下沟组为一套纹层状泥质白云岩和白云质泥岩,藻纹层比较发育,是优质的烃源岩。拗陷期盆地的快速沉降导致烃源岩快速成熟、高效生烃,为油气运移提供了动力,同时挤压逆冲对构造圈闭、油气运移通道的形成和储层物性的改善起着关键的作用,形成的窟窿山等多个正向构造带是油气富集的有利区带。青西凹陷存在低成熟、成熟、高成熟3类原油,低成熟原油仅分布于青西凹陷的下沟组上段至中沟组,成熟原油发生了大规模的运移,形成了柳沟庄、鸭儿峡—老君庙—石油沟油田,而深层高成熟原油没有大规模向中浅层运移,青西凹陷具有寻找高成熟原油的资源潜力。希望该研究成果可为青西凹陷下白垩统油气勘探提供经验与思路。     

泌阳凹陷古城油田油气成藏模式研究

利用储层流体包裹体和原油地球化学资料,结合钻井地质和测试分析,对泌阳凹陷古城油田的油气来源、成藏期次、 成藏过程和成藏模式的研究结果表明,东南深凹区核三下、核三上亚段烃源岩沿着古城油田北西构造抬升方向顺层两期供油, 其中廖庄组沉积末期是油气大规模充注成藏时期。核一段沉积末期,泌阳凹陷东南部深凹区核三下亚段烃源岩达到生排烃 高峰,油气从深凹（高势区）沿古城三角洲砂体进入古城鼻状构造（低势区）,形成一定规模的古油藏;廖庄组末期构造抬 升和断层活动,古油藏遭受一定破坏,同时核三上亚段烃源岩达到生排烃高峰,大规模成熟油气沿古城三角洲砂体横穿断 层形成断阶式向上聚敛成藏。     

构造驱动大巴山前陆烃类流体排泄:含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉证据

含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉被认为是超高压下油气流体形成和排泄的标志。大巴山前陆构造带一些断裂和下古生界黑色泥岩和泥灰岩烃源岩微裂隙中分布有含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉,成分分析表明其为低镁方解石。纤维状方解石脉δ13CVPDB和δ18OVPDB比围岩碳酸盐岩的明显变轻,前者δ13CVPDB和δ18OVPDB变化范围分别为-1.9%～-4.8‰和-8.4%～-12.8‰,后者分别为-1.7%～+3.1‰和-8.7%～-4.5‰,且δ13C与δ18O具有明显的线性关系,反映出纤维状方解石脉具有成岩有机流体与浅部流体混合的流体特征。纤维状方解石脉含有共生的固体沥青包裹体、含甲烷液相包裹体和气液二相盐水包裹体等多相态包裹体,其中沥青包裹体为油气运移的残余沥青。气液二相盐水包裹体均一温度主要位于140℃和196℃之间（峰值为179℃）,盐度较高（平均为9.7wt% NaCl）。分别应用盐水包裹体和甲烷包裹体等溶线P-T相图确定出含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉形成的流体压力为150~200 MPa,属于异常超高压流体。地质和地球化学特征分析认为,大巴山含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉不具有泥岩因压实成岩作用而形成的超高压流体特征。结合沉积和构造演化历史分析认为,印支碰撞造山运动和燕山前陆构造作用导致大巴山褶皱隆起并伴随天然气藏破坏和改造,挤压环境下的超高压构造应力驱动天然气流体排泄,大巴山前陆构造带含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉就是超高压构造应力驱动天然气排泄的产物。     

渤海海域莱州湾凹陷油气超晚期成藏与油气运移滞后效应

油气运移滞后效应是指油气从烃源岩中生成并排出的时间早,而聚集成藏的时间晚,油气经历了长时间长距离运移,已聚集成藏的油气相态与成熟度低于现今烃源岩成熟演化的现象.这种油气运移滞后效应在东部新生代陆相断陷盆地中普遍存在,在斜坡带表现最为明显.通过利用地球化学分析,平衡剖面技术、盆地模拟、包裹体分析等手段,对渤海海域莱州湾凹...     

贝尔凹陷油成藏要素空间匹配关系及对油成藏的控制作用

通过贝尔凹陷油成藏要素--南屯组源岩、裂缝及断层圈闭和源断裂的空间匹配关系研究得到,贝尔凹陷裂缝和断层圈闭与南屯组源岩在空间上有4种接触关系,第一种是布达特群裂缝圈闭位于南屯组源岩侧上方,由T₅-T₁源断裂连接;第二种是南屯组断层圈闭位于南屯组源岩内,由T₂₃-T₁源断裂连接;第三种是南屯组断层圈闭位于南屯组源岩外侧,由T₂₃-T₁断裂沟通的砂体连接;第四种是大磨拐河组二段断层圈闭位于南屯组源岩之上,由T₂₃-T₁断裂连接。贝尔凹陷3个成藏要素空间匹配关系对油成藏与分布的控制作用表现在以下3个方面:①南屯组源岩分布控制着油藏分布;②油藏均沿源断裂分布;③圈闭距南屯组源岩距离越近越有利于油藏形成。     

三塘湖盆地构造演化与油气聚集

三塘湖盆地处于西伯利亚板块南缘,早石炭世晚期,盆地褶皱基底形成;晚石炭世早期,总体处于碰撞期后伸展构造环境;晚石炭世晚期,洋壳消亡,断陷收缩与整体抬升,形成剥蚀不整合.早二叠世,进入陆内前陆盆地演化阶段;中二叠世,盆地进入推覆体前缘前陆盆地发育期;晚二叠世,构造褶皱回返,前陆盆地消失;三叠纪晚期至侏罗纪中期,进入统一坳...