一个大气压国际海水状态方程

用米勒罗(Millero),罔萨雷斯(Gonzalez),沃德(Ward)(1976,Journal of Marine Research,34,61—93)还有波伊森(Poisson),布律内(Brunet),布伦—科坦(Brun—Cottan)(1980,Deep Sea Research,27,1013—1028)在温度0—40℃,盐度0.5—43时进行的密度测量值来确定新的一个大气压海水状态方程。方程的形式如下(t℃;S;ρkgm~(-3)) ρ=ρ_o AS BS~(3/2) CS~2 式中:A=8.24493×10~(-1)-4.0899×10~(-3)t 7.6438×10~(-5)t~2-8.2467×10~(-7)t~3 5.3875×10~(-9)t~4 B=-5.72466×10~(-3) 1.0227×10~(-4)t-1.6546×10~(-6)t~2 C=4.8314×10~(-4) ρ_o是水的密度(Bigg,1967,British Jonrnal fo Applied physics 8,521—537) ρ_o=999.842594 6.793952×10~(-2)t-9.095290×10~(-3)t~2 1.001685×10~(-4)t~3-1.120083×10~(-6)t~4 6.536332×10~(-9)t~5 方程的标准误差为3.6×10~(-3)kgm~(-3)。联合国教科文组织海洋学常用表及标准联合专家小组已推荐该方程为新的一个大气压海水状态方程。     

海水压缩性对海洋内波的影响

在计算瓦依萨拉频率N时，若计及压缩性，应采用N^2=-(g/ρ^- dρ^-/dz g^2/cs^2) （1）其中，ρ^-=ρ^-(z)为无波动时的密度分布。     

1980年一个大气压下国际海水状态方程定义

在一个标准大气压(P=0)下,海水密度(ρ,kgm~(-3))根据实用盐度(S)和温度(t,℃)按下列方程计算得出: ρ(s,t,o)=ρ_W (8.24493×10~(-1)-4.0899×10~(-3)t 7.6438×10~(-5)t~2-8.2467×10~(-7)t~3 5.3875×10~(-9)t~4)S (-5.72466×10~(-3) 1.0227×10~(-4)t-1.6546×10~(-6)t~2)S~(3/2) 4.8314×10~(-4)S~2     

关于布烈霍夫斯基赫侧面波公式符号的错误

D. C. Stickler[2]导出的Sommerfeld模型下点源反射波场统一表达式中的侧面波公式与бреховских[3]计算的公式相差一负号.stickler指出,后者是错的但错误的原因不清楚.本文试图对此加以分析.问题的几何关系示于图一,其中δ=sin-1c/c₁=sin-1n,m=ρ₁/ρ,c1.     

1980年高压国际海水状态方程定义

高压海水密度(ρ,kgm~(-3))可根据实用盐度(S)、温度(t,℃)和所加压力(P,bar)按下列方程计算得出: ρ(S,t,P)=ρ(S,t,O)/(1-P/K(S,P)) 式中ρ(S,t,O)为如上所述的1980年一个大气压下的国际海水状态方程,K(S,t,P)为正割体积模量,由下式给出 K(S,t,P)=K(S,t,O) AP BP~2     

粘性泥沙在盐水中冲刷和沉降特性的试验研究

本文根据絮凝电化学理论,探讨了淤积物浓度对粘性泥沙起动切应力的影响,获得起动切应力τc与淤积物浓度S的相关式τ_o=KS~(2·33) 该公式得到众多试验资料的证实。冲刷试验表明,具有均匀容重的底床在不同水流切力下,冲刷率随时间基本成直线变化,自养密实底床的冲刷率随时间呈指数曲线变化。试验结果还表明均匀容重底床的冲刷率与水流流速近似成四次方关系,论文运用了窦国仁博士从能量原理获得的床面泥沙动密实系数概念,获得冲刷率的表达式为 E=(K_0)/(C_0~2)-(γsγ)/(γs-γ)(V-V_c)V~3/gdω     

光暗周期下一种海洋硅藻荧光特性和生化组成的研究 Ⅱ.光强的影响

采用半连续培养方法,在光暗周期下研究了光强对一种海洋硅藻——伪矮海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana 3H)荧光特性和生化组成的影响.研究结果表明,随着生长光强的增强,DCMU增强荧光产额、荧光增强比、细胞碳水化合物含量、碳水化合物/叶绿素a、碳水化合物/蛋白质的比值均增高,荧光产额、细胞叶绿素a含量降低;而细胞蛋白质含量在10—100μE·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光强范围内,随光强的增强而降低,当光强大于100μE·m~(-2)·s~(-1)时则升高.取样时间对生长光强与细胞叶绿素a、碳水化合物含量、碳水化合物/叶绿素a比、碳水化合物/蛋白质比的关系有很大影响.     

海水压缩性对海洋内波的影响

一、问题的提出 在计算瓦依萨拉频率N时,若计及压缩性,应采用其中 ρ=ρ(z)为无波动时的密度分布, C_s为海水中的声速,约为1500米/秒, g为重力加速度,z轴垂直向上。 式(1)中g~2/c_s~2项表示压缩性对密度变化的影响,它的量阶为10~(-4)秒~(-2)。在海洋中O(N~2)从强温跃层到深处当在10~(-4)至10~(-8)秒~(-2)之间。显然这第二项即使在温跃层     

沿岸物质搬运现场观测与模拟的比较

过去 3 0年间 ,研究者提出了许多用于计算波浪和海流条件下沉积搬运的公式和模型。目前研究对象是具预测能力的 6个沉积物迁移搬运的公式 ,它们用于计算沉积物的离岸分布和沿岸沉积速率。这些公式在预测沿岸沉积搬运速率计算上已被世人公认。1　公式简述此次调查的 6个公式见表 1 ,表中列出了公式及公式所应用的系数值、浪和海滩条件。表 1　沉积物沿岸搬运公式公式沉积物沿岸搬运公式系数核实数据D/ mm tanβ实验条件Bijkerqb,B=Ad50 VC gexp - 0 .2 7(s- 1) d50 ρgμτb,wcqs,B=1.83qb,B I1ln 33hr +I2A=1～ 5(非破波—破波 )0 .2 3…     

Research on Characteristics of Density Current Under the Action of Waves

In this paper,the characteristics of density current under the action of waves are describedwith the help of flume experiment and theoretical analysis.The study shows that turbid water under the ac-tion of the waves can present three types of motion,i.e.significant stratification,fragile stratification andstrong mixing.The motion of turbid water presents significant stratification when(H/D)/△ρ/ρ~(1/2)≤4.5,generally this state is known as density current.The formulas of motionvelocity,thickness,and discharge of density current moving on horizontal bottom are derived by use of ba-sic equations such as momemtum equation,equation of energy conservation and continuity equation offluid.The time-average velocity and the thickness of density current under the action of waves have a rela-tionship with such parameters as relative density(△ρ/ρ),wave height(H),and water depth(D).Whenthese parameters are determined,the time-average thickness and motion velocity of density current are al-so determined.The relat     

In Situ Correction of Porosity and Velocity of Pelagic Carbonate Sediments in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (Sites 846 and 850, ODP Leg 138)

During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 138, eleven sites were drilled. The sediments recovered are mainly composed of carbonate-rich pelagic ooze including minor diatom and radiolarian ooze. Average carbonate contents of Sites 846 and 850 are about 59% and 75%, respectively. The porosity and velocity measured in laboratory were corrected to in situ condition using empirical equation (Hamilton, 1976) and delta velocity (log value-laboratory value). The corrected laboratory porosity matches well with logging data, but it is deviating in the intervals of low carbonate content. The correlation between log porosity and the corrected porosity shows a similar trend. Depth profiles between the corrected velocity and logging data do not agree in the intervals of low carbonate content, but the intervals characterized by high carbonate content are relatively matched. This suggests that Hamilton's equation is not appropriate for diatom-rich sediments. The correlation between log velocity and the corrected velocity is also a much better fit than that of laboratory velocity. In addition, the relationship between velocity and porosity is a better fit using corrected data than uncorrected data. Thus, mechanical rebound correction needs to interpret laboratory data to in situ condition. However, the magnitude of rebound by the removal of overburden pressure should be carefully considered because the rebound depends on sediment types.     

A Study of a Short-Baseline Acoustic Positioning System for Offshore Vessels

The underwater position of the beacon determined using the conventional mode of the short-baseline acoustic positioning system (SBL system) is usually incorrect due to the inaccuracy of underwater-measured sound speed, which is affected by the environment. This article presents a corrected mode of SBL system to offer a precise solution for the underwater beacon position. The corrected mode using the formulation of Euclidean geometry converges quickly and efficiently, obtaining the precise position of the beacon. Finally, a simulation of coring missions of a vessel is presented to verify the accuracy of the corrected mode of the SBL system.     

A Corrected Solid Boundary Treatment Method for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method (SPH) has a good adaptability for simulating of free surface flow problems. However, there are some shortcomings of SPH which are still in open discussion. This paper presents a corrected solid boundary handling method for weakly compressible SPH. This improved method is very helpful for numerical stability and pressure distribution. Compared with other solid boundary handling methods, this corrected method is simpler for virtual ghost particle interpolation and the ghost particle evaluation relationship is clearer. Several numerical tests are given, like dam breaking, solitary wave impact and sloshing tank waves. The results show that the corrected solid boundary processing method can recover the spurious oscillations of pressure distribution when simulating the problems with complex geometry boundary.     

包围有暗能量黑洞的Hawking辐射修正

运用由Banerjee和Majhi所发展的非半经典近似的Hamiliton-Jacobi方法,计算了被暗能量包围的黑洞温度和熵,得到了修正后的温度和熵.在修正后的熵中,面积定理包含面积对数修正和面积幂的倒数.     

基于LiDAR回波强度数据的潮间带植被滤波方法

地面三维激光扫描技术以其高精度、高密度等优点,在潮间带地形测量中得到了非常广泛的应用。为了对潮间带地形地貌进行精确反演,必须对点云数据中的非地面点(主要是植被点)予以滤波。对地面三维激光扫描回波强度数据的距离效应进行改正,利用改正后强度数据实现了一种快速精确的植被滤波方法。实验结果表明:与商业软件利用点云几何信息进行植被滤波相比,根据回波强度数据进行植被滤波的精度约为75%,且大大减少了计算量,对潮间带高精度三维地形重构有重要研究意义和应用价值。     

Heat flow and mass wasting in the Wilmington Canyon Region: U.S. Continental Margin

The average corrected heat flow in the Wilmington Canyon region, an area of inferred slope instability, is 35 ± 10 mW/m². This average heat flow is marginally consistent with the 46 ± 9 mW/m² measured at other North Atlantic sites over 160 m.y. old. High topographic relief causes most of the variability in surface heat flow and may lower the mean surface heat flow. There is no significant difference between the average corrected heat flow of 35 ± 10 mW/m² in sediment slide areas and the average corrected heat flow of 34 ± 10 mW/m² in undisturbed sediments.     

The validation of the significant wave height product of HY-2 altimeter-primary results

The HY-2 satellite was successfully launched on 16 August 2011. The HY-2 significant wave height （SWH） is validated by the data from the South China Sea （SCS） field experiment, National Data Buoy Center （NDBC/ buoys and Jason-1/2 altimeters, and is corrected using a linear regression with in-situ measurements. Com- pared with NDBC SWH, the HY-2 SWH show a RMS of 0.36 m, which is similar to Jason- 1 and Jason-2 SWH with the RMS of 0.35 m and 0.37 m respectively; the RMS of corrected HY-2 SWH is 0.27 m, similar to 0.27 m and 0.23 m of corrected Jason-1 and Jason-2 SWH. Therefore the accuracy of HY-2 SWH products is close to that of Jason-1/2 SWH, and the linear regression function derived can improve the accuracy of HY-2 SWH products.     

龙口平均海平面变化原因的研究

本文通过对实测海平面高度的对比，发现龙口平均海平面从１９９１年起有明显的升高趋势。作者猜测此乃龙口在码头扩建后有系统下沉所致。     

太湖水质参数的遥感监测研究

以太湖为研究对象,对TM各波段辐射率与水质参数进行拟合,分析了TM各波段经6S模型大气校正和未经校正直接拟合在监测内陆湖泊水质中的可行性。结果表明:TM波段经6S模型校正后能与太湖水质参教进行较好的匹配,同时通过实验得到了太湖地区水质参数的实用性回归公式。     

渤海、黄海、东海海面热量平衡的平均状况——Ⅰ.资料处理和计算方法

渤、黄、东海海面热量平衡状况对该海域海洋水文和中国气候有着重要的影响。我们对该海域热量平衡各分量的年平均和年变化进行了计算,并分别就资料处理和计算方法、年平均状况、年变化特征等几个方面进行了分析。本文作为该项研究的第一部分,讨论了所用的资料和计算公式,提出了在稳定温度层结条件下的交换系数的校正方法。