煤矿井下坑道钻机电控自动化技术研究

为顺应煤矿井下钻探装备自动化、智能化发展方向，根据煤矿井下坑道钻机特点，研制了一套钻机电控系统，实现了钻机远程控制、参数监测、工况判断和安全互锁等功能，并在钻机单动控制基础上进行了钻机自动钻进和自动起钻技术研究，大大提高了煤矿井下钻机自动化程度。地面功能性试验与现场工业性试验表明:设计的电控系统功能性、实时性和可靠性满足使用要求。研制的钻机电控系统配套在钻机上，可提高钻机自动化水平，更好地保障了施工人员和设备的安全，对推动煤矿井下钻机智能化发展有积极作用。      

浅析地质岩心钻机发展趋势

在“八五”计划确定之际为正确选型并确定新型钻机的研制开发方向，必须对各类钻机进行科学的比较评价。而在比较时，一方面要考虑钻机技术性能的优劣、可靠性和机械化程度等；另一方面还需考虑不同时期各类钻机生产、销售的数量、比率及其变化，并要注意不同类别市场中各型钻机占有率的实际情况。本文介绍了有关液压钻机、动力头钻机的统计数字及交流变频驱动钻机的最新进展情况，据此对今后我国新型地质岩心钻机的研制方向提出了具体意见。     

新型岩心钻探装置

近年来，苏联正在研制统一规格的全套钻探设备，它包括基础型和不同的改装型。对制造新型钻机从事着设计工作，这种钻机具有更好的操作性能，个别工序和过程的机械化和自动化程度高，钻机配备有精密的控制测量仪表。     

SDY-600型全液压动力头水文水井钻机

SDY-600型全液压动力头水文水井钻机是由地矿部勘探技术研究所和上海探矿机械厂根据发达国家水文水井钻机现状与发展趋势，结合我国水文水井钻探的实际情况，联合研制成功的一种机械化程度较高的多功能的水文水井钻机。该钻机的研制目的是能够使用泥浆正循环钻进方法和气举反循环钻进方法，以解决部分复杂地层钻进难点以及增加钻机对不同岩层钻进的适应性；钻机本身机械化程度要高，要能减轻操作人员的体力劳动强度。该钻机试制成功后。先后由北京水文地质公司和江苏省第一水文队进行了3口水井钻进的试验，于1986年12月在南京通过了部级     

煤矿井下钻机变幅机构的发展现状与展望

钻机变幅机构用于调节钻孔的开孔参数，即方位角、倾角和高度。针对不同种类钻机变幅机构的结构差异性及煤矿井下钻孔的施工特点，总结了煤矿井下钻机变幅机构对开孔参数的调整要求，提出了煤矿井下钻机变幅机构的研究目标，即能够快速准确地调节钻孔开孔参数及保障钻机施工的稳定性。总结出煤矿井下钻机变幅机构具有外形尺寸小、参数调节范围较大、施工时需要稳固可靠、调节过程自动化程度高的总体特点。对目前煤矿井下钻机几种常见变幅机构的结构特点、辅助稳固方式、控制方法、适用范围及存在的优缺点进行分析，提出了煤矿井下钻机向钻孔机器人发展过程中变幅机构在结构和控制方法方面的研究方向，建议重点从关节自动锁紧装置开发、变幅机构结构适应自动加卸钻杆模式的需求、钻孔开孔参数智能调节、开孔参数与底盘调平及机身稳固的协调控制等方面开展研究工作。研究成果为煤矿井下钻机装备智能化提供了研究思路。      

钻机零件的热处理技术要求

钻机零件的热处理技术要求无锡探矿机械总厂王学渊钻探机械零件设计中的技术要求，在一定程度上决定了所制造产品的质量优劣，因此对直接影响钻机使用寿命的零件内在质量尤应重视。有关热处理的技术要求，应根据零件的使用条件、具有的性能，提出热处理的技术标准。如决定...     

国内生产威猛D80×100Ⅱ水平导向钻机

北京威猛机械制造有限公司于2008年3月开始生产第一款型号钻机D80×100Ⅱ水平导向钻机,该钻机设计崭新,较第一代的钻机设计更先进,自动化程度更高。D80×100Ⅱ水平导向钻机专门针对操作员而设计。它由John Deere 6068柴油发动机驱动,钻机的回转扭矩为13558Nm,推进回拖力为36287kg。     

岩心钻机的全液压方向及研制中的几个问题

本文从全液压岩心钻机的调速性能、长行程给进、无塔升降、提高机械化、仪表化程度、简化钻机结构等方面与油压立轴式钻机的发展、局限性及国外对该类型钻机改造的新动向等做了较全面的对比。并对全液压岩心钻机的传动效率、成本、维护保养做了具体分析。同时还介绍了国内外这两类钻机在生产中取得的部分经济指标。从理论上和生产使用效果两方面肯定了全液压钻机是岩心钻机的发展趋向。     

GYL-200型塔架履带一体式钻机的研制

为提高钻机搬迁的方便性,简化竖塔过程,提高施工效率,研制了一种将后移式工勘钻机置于橡胶履带底盘上,并设计了液压起降折叠开放式三角钻塔的塔架履带一体式钻机。同时为不影响钻机原有的斜孔钻进功能,钻机底架设计为旋转支腿结构;为进一步提高钻机的自动化程度,将原手动式卡盘改为液压卡盘。介绍了该塔架履带一体式钻机的结构以及部分参数选择计算。     

钻机检验与钻机质量

钻机检验与钻机质量国家探矿工程机械质量监督检验中心贾绍宽，汪学明１前言钻机检验包括形式检验和出厂检验，它是保证钻机质量的重要手段。目前，全国生产钻机的企业越来越多，生产数量大幅度增长，使用单位对钻机的选择性强，质量要求高，性能要求好。因此，生产企业必...     

The aging of gypsum in underground mines

The aging properties of gypsum extracted from two underground mines in France (Livry–Gargan and Grozon) have been highlighted by means of observation performed using scanning electron microscopy on samples taken along horizontal boreholes drilled through to the middle of several pillars. The aging process is exhibited by the presence of traces of dissolution (edges of the dissolved crystals, corroded crystalline surfaces, important intra- and intercrystalline space). These dissolution figures decrease in number and in intensity from the wall heading towards the middle of the pillar. The “older” pillars display a greater number of dissolution traces than the “more recent” pillars. Then, the role of the aging has been assessed by determining various physical and mechanical parameters on cylindrical samples of 38 mm in diameter and 76 mm in height, machined from the set of drilled boreholes. The following parameters have been quantified: density, grains density, total porosity, porosity accessible to water, intrinsic permeability to nitrogen, velocity of ultrasonic compression and shear waves, dynamic Young's modulus, dynamic Poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength and static Young's modulus. Significant variations in parameter values between the wall and the middle of the pillar were recorded and recognized as being strongly correlated with the intensity of dissolution traces, and hence with gypsum aging.     

新型高分子固化材料耐老化性能的试验研究

因一般高分子材料容易老化 ,尤其是在沙漠环境下 ,强烈的热光辐射、氧化更加速其老化过程。SH为新型高分子固化材料。本文通过SH固化沙体的室内老化试验 ,初步研究了SH的耐老化特征。结果表明 ,在间断或连续紫外线辐照下 ,SH耐老化性能优于同类其他固沙剂 ,可用于沙漠地区固沙     

Investigation on the usage of different rock aggregates as abrasive materials in natural stone aging process

The process of giving an antique look, a worn and “old” appearance, to natural stone surfaces, which can be observed by abrasion in natural ways through a long time, is called artificial aging. Natural stone processing facilities that involve mass production usually prefer vibration aging machines. This study examines the utilization of various rock aggregates and abrasive residuals instead of synthetic abrasives used in aging machines. Natural stone samples with different properties were aged in a vibration aging machine using andesite, granite, sandstone, pebble stone, abrasive stone residuals, and ceramic abrasives. At the end of the study, the aging performance of different rocks was determined; granite was found to be the most effective. Rock aggregates were ranked in terms of their abrasiveness (aging) performance, from the most effective to the least effective as: granite, ceramic abrasive, sandstone, andesite, pebble stone, and abrasive stone residuals. It was observed that rock aggregates can be used in the aging process instead of synthetic ceramic abrasives, with desired performance.     

测氡仪器工作状态选取浅析

在仪器标定检查工作中,常常会涉及到工作状态的选取问题。工作状态选取是否合适,将直接影响着观测数据的准确性。本文仅介绍笔者在工作中遇到的几种异常情况及通过实验识别仪器正常与否的方法。笔者深感在台站仪器老化日异严重的今天,认真识别仪器性能是否正常的重要性。     

膨润土热传导性能时效性试验研究

在不同初始条件下试验研究了静置时间对高庙子钠基膨润土GMZ07和MX80膨润土压实样热传导性能的影响。在保持试样干密度和含水率不变情况下,将不同初始状态试样分别静置1、5、30、60、100 d,随后采用热探针法进行热传导系数测试,并对部分试样进行压汞试验。试验结果表明：GMZ07和MX80膨润土的热传导系数均随静置时间的增长而减小,静置早期热传导系数减小较快,随着静置时间延续,热传导系数逐渐趋于稳定。在相同干密度下,静置时间引起的热传导系数减小量随含水率的增大而增大。结合压实膨润土试样的微观孔隙结构变化,认为膨润土热传导系数随静置时间发生变化的主要原因是：试样静置过程中,蒙脱石发生水化膨胀,部分土中水转变成热传导性能较差的惰性水,导致膨润土的热传导系数减小。     

The effect of organics on lead sorption onto Apatite II™

Training activities at firing ranges, both civilian and military, deliver large quantities of Pb bullets into range soils where the physical and geochemical properties of the soil can influence Pb transport. Some best management practices (BMPs) developed for range managers include the addition of phosphate amendments, such as apatite, to immobilize Pb and other metals associated with firing ranges. In this study, the effect of the organic matter content of apatite II™ on its metal sorption properties was investigated. Batch and column experiments were conducted using mechanically, enzymatically, and thermally-treated forms of Apatite II™ to sorb soluble Pb. In batch experiments, mechanically and enzymatically-treated Apatite II™ reduced soluble Pb concentrations from 29% to 96%, depending on the age of the Apatite source. Thermally-treated Apatite II™ consistently reduced soluble Pb concentrations in solution by more than 90%, regardless of aging. The mechanically and enzymatically-treated Apatite II™ produced significantly higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentrations while undergoing aging. This contrasts with the thermally-treated Apatite II™ that produced very low to non-detectable levels of DOC and BOD while aging. To determine the effects of thermal treatment on performance efficiencies, studies were performed using 500 mg L⁻¹ Pb solutions in columns packed with Apatite II™ that had been preheated at various temperatures for 2 h. The column study showed Pb loading of the Apatite II™ at different thermal treatments that ranged from 10.5% to 16.8% Pb by weight of substrate. The Pb loading capacity (by weight of substrate) increased as the treatment temperature of the Apatite II™ increased.     

Effects of Soil Aging on Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties of a Silty Soil

The aging phenomenon, which produces changes in material state over time, is associated with significant modification of mechanical and physical soil properties. This change should be accounted for during geotechnical design. Although soils sometimes improve with aging, the opposite effect is occasionally observed. This paper describes a study performed to investigate the effect of aging on the mechanical behavior and the permeability of a silty soil. Undrained unconsolidated triaxial shear tests and triaxial permeability tests were performed on disturbed and compacted samples. Upon conclusion of these tests, the samples were sealed from air and moisture. The results show an important increase in both the undrained shear strength and the deformation modulus caused by silt rigidification during the aging process. These changes cause an over estimation of laboratory measured shear strength. For instance, the increase in the deformation modulus and undrained cohesion can approach 100 % for an approximate 328 day storage period. Sample permeability was found to decrease with aging. This reduction can be ascribed to several causes including micro-organisms growth, secondary sample consolidation and progressive filling caused by the migration of very fine particles. These phenomena might have negated the expected increase in permeability with aging time reported in the literature.     

软土地基上静压预制桩承载力的工后增大效应

分析了软土地基上预制桩承载力的时效性机理，介绍了几种研究承载力时效性的经验回归公式，结合工程说明应充分认识承载力时效性的科学性和利用这种规律潜在的巨大经济效益。     

微钻实验台的研制与应用

微钻实验台是检测技术、计算机技术、机械技术与钻探技术相结合的高科技成果。它可在室内从事各种微钻实验,包括岩样可钻性分析、金刚石钻具时效、寿命等实验。根据实验结果优化金刚石钻具,对岩样进行可钻性分级,提高钻探效率,动态监测钻进过程,绘制相应的动态关系曲线,具有重大的实际和理论意义。      

Effects of geologic time on the initial stiffness of clays

The paper addresses the effect of geologic aging on the initial stiffness of clays through the analysis of in situ shear stiffness data obtained using a seismic cone penetrometer at three sites in Boston blue clay (BBC), a 12,000–14,000-year old post-glacial marine clay deposit. The effects of this aging period are estimated using as reference for the unaged behavior the results of over 90 triaxial shear phases conducted on specimens of resedimented Boston blue clay (RBBC), a soil prepared in the laboratory from natural BBC, and tested after 1 day of laboratory aging.At the same OCR and effective stress level, the natural clay displays an initial stiffness, which on the average, is approximately 50% greater than that of the laboratory resedimented clay. Based on the estimated age of the natural deposit, this corresponds to an increase of the stiffness per log cycle of time of 7%. This value of the aging coefficient, N_G, is at the low end of values presented in the literature for clays, which are however all based on shorter aging durations (days to weeks).