基于6S模型的环境星CCD数据大气校正

应用6S辐射传输模型建立查找表,对环境与减灾小卫星CCD数据进行大气校正。结果表明:校正后的图像更加清晰,对比度增强;与实测光谱对比,处理后的环境星数据可以更真实地反映地物反射特征,消除了NDVI信号在大气传输过程中的衰减效应,更好地复原了地表植被覆盖的真实状况。通过讨论,提出对于HJ-1-A的CCD数据,可以考虑通过同星搭载的高光谱传感器进行气溶胶光学厚度反演;对于HJ-1-B的CCD数据,可以采用对比方法反演气溶胶光学厚度,进而作为模型的输入来提高大气校正精度,以及考虑地表二向性反射现象来提高大气校正精度。     

内蒙古辐射校正场特性评价与应用潜力分析

利用2010年6月在内蒙古贡格尔辐射校正场(简称内蒙古辐射校正场)实测的地表反射率和大气气溶胶数据,分析了该辐射校正场的地表反射率和大气气溶胶特性,并与敦煌辐射校正场相关数据进行了对比分析.结果表明:内蒙古辐射校正场地表反射率的相对方差小于5％,表现出较好的均一性;在天气晴朗的情况下,各通道的大气气溶胶光学厚度可达0....     

利用MODIS数据和查找表的城区TM影像大气校正

影像大气校正精度的关键参数为气溶胶光学厚度,而城区大气条件复杂,对城区TM影像采用统一的大气参数进行大气校正,势必难以获得令人满意的校正精度。因此,本文提出了一种基于MODIS数据和查找表的大气校正算法,首先应用6S模型离线计算建立不同气溶胶光学厚度的大气校正系数查找表,然后基于MODIS数据反演气溶胶光学厚度,最后基于查找表和气溶胶光学厚度数据对长沙城区TM影像进行了逐像元大气校正。结果表明:基于查找表的校正算法与6S模型在线计算算法的校正精度接近,能够较好地进行大气校正;在水体区校正精度最高,而在城区校正精度相对较低。     

太湖地区HJ-1卫星CCD数据反演气溶胶及大气校正

针对HJ-1卫星CCD数据,利用改进的暗像元法反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),再利用反演的AOD对其进行大气校正。将反演的气溶胶与地基太阳光度计数据进行对比验证,发现当反演的AOD值大于0.2时,反演值与地基观测值的相关系数为0.964,符合MODIS业务化反演AOD的精度要求。再将反演得到的气溶胶带入6S辐射传输模型中,对HJ-1卫星CCD数据进行大气校正实验。结果表明,该方法能有效提高HJ-1卫星CCD数据大气校正的精度,更好地复原地物的真实光谱信息。     

环境星CCD数据大气校正研究

利用6S模型和同步气象资料,对国产环境与灾害监测预报小卫星HJ-1 A的CCD1传感器数据进行了大气校正和反射率反演。同时对CCD1传感器1～4波段大气校正前后的反射率变化进行了对比研究,发现大气校正后的1～3波段的地面反射率明显降低,4波段的地面反射率升高;利用同步野外实测地面数据对大气校正后的反射率数据进行了检验,两者结果基本一致;此外,还进行了定量化误差分析,以同步野外实测地面数据作为标准,将大气校正后的反射率数据与之对比,分析了可能带来误差的原因。结果表明,利用6S大气校正方法能够有效去除HJ-1 A星CCD图像的大气影响,获取地物绝对反射率。     

高斯曲线优化能见度与气溶胶光学厚度转换模型

大气气溶胶是影响对地观测定量精度的最主要不确定性因素。随着定量遥感的发展,对气溶胶光学厚度数据的精度提出了更高要求。在广泛应用的基于辐射传输模型大气校正研究中,需要输入气溶胶光学厚度等关键参数,但与对地观测影像数据同时相的气溶胶光学厚度获取较难,而水平能见度作为表征气溶胶光学特性的间接参数可通过广泛分布的气象台站获得,可将能见度转换得到的气溶胶光学厚度数据作为同时相数据输入传输模型进行大气校正计算。本文以实测的能见度和气溶胶光学厚度数据为基础,通过拟合气溶胶标高其随时间的变化对Peterson模型进行了修正。对修正后的模型进行精度验证得到RMSE为0.254,结果表明优化的模型对精度有较大提升。     

基于查找表的MODIS逐像元大气校正方法研究

以6S大气辐射传输模型为基础,计算了气溶胶光学厚度、太阳天顶角、传感器天顶角以及地表海拔变化对于校正得到的地表反射率的影响,讨论了6S模型对于这些参数的敏感性,提出了一种基于查找表的大气校正方法,利用6S模型离线计算建立了不同气溶胶的光学厚度、太阳天顶角、传感器天顶角以及地表海拔条件下大气校正系数的查找表,基于该查找表对MODIS影像进行逐像元大气校正。通过对本文方法、6S在线校正方法和利用统一输入参数校正方法的比较表明,本文方法的计算结果与6S在线校正方法很接近,说明本文方法可以有效地改善由于大气条件、传感器位置等空间分布差异对MODIS图像大气校正的影响。     

一种协同反演气溶胶与水汽含量的高光谱图像大气校正算法

大气校正是高光谱图像定量反演地表参数的前提。为充分利用高光谱数据本身的光谱特点,提出了一种协同反演大气气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical thickness,AOT)与水汽含量(water vapor content,WV)的大气校正方法,在同时考虑了气溶胶模式、AOT和WV这3个因素的综合影响基础上,采用循环迭代的思想,基于6S辐射传输模型,反演大气参数及地表反射率,弥补了现有反演算法中没有同时考虑AOT与WV的不足;并以武汉市Hyperion高光谱图像为例,验证了该算法的有效性。从与FLAASH算法及MOIDS提供的AOT和WV产品对比来看,该算法能较好地校正气溶胶与水汽对高光谱图像的影响,且反演过程中所有的输入均来自图像数据本身或6S辐射传输模型,无需输入额外的参数。     

基于神经网络的二类水体大气校正

以MERIS高光谱影像为数据源,根据现有大气传输模型和大气校正方法,探索了适合于内陆湖泊二类水体的高光谱遥感影像大气校正方法。在6S辐射传输模型的基础上,构建了基于神经网络的二类水体大气校正算法。通过构建输入卫星辐亮度直接提取离水反射率的模型,无需同步气溶胶参数,即可实现大气校正。对2010年8月9日的MERIS影像进行大气校正,并将校正后的遥感反射率与准同步实测离水反射率进行对比分析,结果表明,大气校正过程有效去除了大气效应的影响,经过大气校正的13个波段的平均相对误差分布在10%～40%,得到了与实测值相近的水体遥感反射率。     

HJ-1 CCD数据大气校正方法研究

本文开展了HJ-1CCD相机数据大气校正方法的研究工作。基于辐射传输模型构建了不同大气条件下的大气校正系数查找表;大气校正中用到的气溶胶光学厚度数据基于浓密植被区域红蓝波段地表反射率之间的关系反演得到。与对应当天的MODIS地表反射率数据的对比分析表明,本文提出的大气校正方法具有较高的精度。本文还从气溶胶光学厚度的反演精度、大气水汽含量的变化、辐射定标精度、海拔高度等方面对大气校正的不确定性进行了分析。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。