基于相对定向和三角形约束的近景影像匹配

针对近景影像自动相对定向过程中初匹配点对中误匹配率较大的情况,将基于三角形约束方法引入近景影像匹配.首先利用Harris算子提取特征点集,经初匹配后运用基于RANSAC方法和P-H算法的相对定向构建核线几何得到内点集,删除误匹配点生成同名Delaunay三角网;在同名三角形的约束下通过缩小Harris特征点阈值得到新内...     

基于Harris角点和SIFT特征的近景影像匹配

针对近景影像匹配过程中误匹配率较大的情况,本文提出了一种基于Harris和SIFT特征的近景影像匹配方法。该方法首先提取Harris角点和SIFT特征,运用灰度相关系数和BBF-KD树方法将Harris角点和SIFT特征完成双向一致性匹配;然后,利用基于RANSAC方法和P-H算法的相对定向得到内点集A与B,将内点集A、B合并生成Delaunay同名三角网;最后,在同名三角形约束下通过缩小Harris特征点阈值T得到新内点集,实时插入同名三角网中,直到生成足够数量的内点。实验所得内点数分别与合并加密匹配前以及其他方法相比都有显著增多,结果表明对于视角、尺度、旋转、光照及噪音等条件发生变化的不同影像,本文提出的近景影像匹配方法能提高匹配率及匹配可靠性。     

异源高分辨率遥感影像的三维重建

针对在实际应用中难以获得同源高分辨率遥感影像,利用同源高分辨率影像实现高精度、自动化的三维重建仍存在一定困难的现状,该文提出一种利用异源高分辨率遥感影像进行三维重建的方法。采用尺度不变特征变换算法对影像进行匹配以获取同名点,并使用随机抽样一致性算法剔除低精度匹配点;然后利用获取的同名点构建Delaunay三角网;接着根据有理函数反解模型和投影射线联合定位算法解算各个同名点的三维坐标;最后基于Delaunay三角网内插技术求取地物点的高程值,并基于OpenGL技术实现三维显示。试验结果表明,利用该方法可以实现异源高分辨率遥感影像的三维重建,精度上能够满足生产需求。     

剔除无人机影像BRISK特征误匹配点对算法

针对BRISK特征检测算法在遥感影像中匹配时同名点对冗余度高和全局性差等特点,考虑BRISK特征检测算法能获取大量无人机遥感影像特征点,Delaunay三角网算法能够利用影像的BRISK特征点的粗匹配点对构建三角网,本文综合两种算法的优点,提出了一种结合BRISK特征检测算法和Delaunay三角网算法的剔除无人机遥感影像误匹配点对方法。该方法利用两张影像的BRISK粗匹配特征点构建Delaunay三角网,利用遍历两张影像三角网中的三角形相似度剔除错误匹配点对,并利用摄影不变量原理进一步剔除误匹配点对,提高了两张影像的精度;对比分析了Delaunay三角网的射影不变量算法,RANSAC算法分别剔除原始影像组、加入椒盐噪声影像组及旋转影像组的BRISK特征误匹配点对的效果。试验结果表明,3组影像分别利用结合BRISK特征和Delaunay三角网的射影不变量算法的无人机遥感影像匹配方法获得的正确特征匹配点对冗余度低、全局性优。     

结合仿射变换及梯度描述符的密集匹配方法

针对SIFT算法难以取得密集匹配结果,无法满足高精度建模需求,以及传统密集匹配算法对明暗变换影像较为敏感,无法取得稳定可靠的密集匹配点的问题,该文提出一种结合仿射变换及梯度描述符的密集匹配方法.该方法首先依靠SIFT算法获取稀疏匹配点,并利用RANSAC方法去除错误匹配点建立同名三角网,利用仿射变换对同名三角形各边中点进行加密,再对新加入的同名点进行相似性判定.与传统密集匹配算法中相似性判定依靠影像灰度层面不同,该文对影像的梯度层面信息进行统计并建立梯度描述符,通过阈值判定是否接受为同名点并不断更新同名三角网,以不再产生新的同名点为终止条件.实验选取6组不同类型影像,结果表明该方法不但可以得到稳定的密集匹配结果,而且较好地解决了传统密集匹配算法面对明暗变换影像匹配无力的问题,并对不同类型影像有着较好的适应性、鲁棒性.     

利用局部仿射不变及核线约束的近景影像直线特征匹配

针对近景影像中直线因遮挡、提取算法等带来的匹配问题,提出了一种基于局部仿射不变及核线约束的直线特征匹配方法。该方法在对立体近景影像进行同名点匹配及直线特征提取的基础上,首先利用直线特征与邻域内以同名点为端点的虚拟直线段的相交仿射不变性进行候选同名直线的搜索,再借助核线约束确定目标直线与候选同名直线的重叠部分,然后通过直线特征的角度及支撑域灰度的综合相似性测度进行匹配,得到正确的同名直线。利用该方法对不同几何变换下的近景影像进行实验,结果表明,本方法具有较好的可靠性和准确性。     

结合局部单应矩阵的ZY-3遥感影像稠密匹配

针对现有的特征点匹配结果的密集度无法满足于三维重建的需求问题,本文提出了一种结合局部单应矩阵的资源三号遥感影像稠密匹配方法。首先,采用ASIFT算法对资源三号遥感影像进行特征点匹配,通过随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法对初始的匹配结果进行优化,提高ASIFT匹配结果的精度;其次,以优化后ASIFT匹配结果作为匹配基元,构建Delaunay三角网,利用Delaunay三角网间的同名三角单元的单应矩阵关系对已有匹配结果进行加密;最后,通过灰度相似性和最小二乘双重约束提高加密特征点的精度,从而达到精匹配的目的。实验选取ZY-3遥感影像作为实验数据,实验表明,本文算法具有较好的可靠性与鲁棒性,能获得比ASIFT匹配多6倍的同名点。     

三角网约束的立体影像密集匹配方法

文中总结了基于三角网约束的立体影像密集匹配方法。本次实验采用核线影像,首先在核线影像上使用SIFT算子匹配出一部分可靠的种子点,然后用这些种子点构建Delaunay三角网。该网络能够将所加密的点的位置范围作为一个约束,根据左右影像上同名三角网的位置、左影像上某一三角形重心位置、该三角形在右影像上的对应的三角形的重新坐标,以及左侧重心在右侧像方影像的核线,在核线约束与灰度相似性约束的两层限制下,完成点-点的匹配工作。本文采用Matlab程序实现对待匹配三角形重心的加密,运用核线约束方法,将点匹配的搜索区域由二维降到一维,不但能缩小搜索范围,提高工作效率,而且很大程度上降低了错误发生的概率,既能使得算法的运算速度得以提升,又能使其匹配精度得到较大的改善。     

结合同名点及核线约束的近景影像直线匹配

针对影像间尺度变化、直线提取断裂、直线邻域纹理断裂引起的近景影像直线匹配难题,该文提出一种结合同名点及核线约束的近景影像直线匹配算法。该算法在已有同名点和直线提取结果的基础上,首先确定目标直线两侧离目标直线距离最近的同名点,利用其在右影像上对应的同名点连线得到的虚拟直线为基准构建矩形候选区;其次,分别计算左、右影像上同名点连线得到的虚拟直线与待匹配直线的夹角,根据两角度差值进一步对候选直线进行筛选;然后,利用核线约束计算目标直线和候选直线的重叠部分,并以此为中心构建直线支撑域,统一两支撑域窗口尺寸,根据窗口灰度相关确定同名直线;最后,采用距离约束对匹配结果进行检核完成直线匹配。选取具有不同几何变换的三组近景影像进行直线匹配实验,结果表明该文方法能获得可靠的直线匹配结果。     

局部仿射变换的自适应窗口立体影像匹配算法

针对现有固定窗口相关匹配方式难以适用纹理断裂、深度不一、纹理匮乏等近景影像匹配问题,该文提出一种结合局部仿射变换的自适应窗口匹配算法。以ASIFT特征点作为匹配基元:①利用同名三角网局部仿射变换确定匹配搜索区域;②利用Canny边缘点约束确定候选点自适应相关窗口,对应的建立参考点相关窗口;③建立顾及窗口尺寸的灰度差异相似性测度函数,将小于阈值的最小函数值对应的候选点作为匹配同名点;④采用RANSAC方法对匹配结果进行检核剔除错误匹配。选择3组典型特征的近景影像进行匹配实验,该文算法均能获得可靠的匹配结果,验证该算法的鲁棒性。通过与不同窗口、不同算法进行对比分析,本算法能有效减少窗口内像素点深度不一致引起的错误匹配,且在增加匹配点数量的同时提高匹配精度和可靠性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。