藏北双湖地区三叠纪地层新资料

在西藏北部双湖江爱达日那地区新发现一套出露较完整的三叠纪地层体，从多重地层的角度阐述了三叠系各组级岩石地层单位的基本特征。通过剖面测制，获取了丰富的三叠系地层、沉积相和古生物化石资料，尤其是下三叠统硬水泉组生物扰动灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、豆粒灰岩和中三叠统康南组舍菊石灰岩的发现，为羌塘盆地三叠系地层、沉积相划分与对比，生物古地理研究和沉积盆地分析提供了重要的基础性资料。根据岩石类型和生物组合等特征，将上三叠统土门格拉群含煤系地层划分为3个组级岩石地层单位：红水沟组、石门关组和江爱达日那组。     

藏北羌塘盆地上三叠统那底岗日组与下伏地层沉积间断的确立及意义

藏北羌塘盆地上三叠统那底岗日组呈近东西带状展布，下部主要为凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩夹流纹岩、玄武岩，上部主要为含砾砂岩、泥质粉砂岩和生物碎屑泥灰岩。笔者等野外调查中首次在下伏的上三叠统肖茶卡组顶部发现古风化壳，结合在那底岗日组底部识别出来的不同底界类型和底砾岩特征，证实那底岗日组与下伏地层之间存在沉积间断。早期磁性地层研究中也曾发现了该沉积间断的存在，间断时间被认为约2Ma。运用已有的生物地层资料确定肖茶卡组地层的沉积时间（晚三叠世诺利期一瑞替期），从而推测那底岗日组火山岩形成时代略晚于这个时间，很可能早于前人关于该套地层的时代认识。那底岗日组火山岩可能对研究东特提斯地区的晚三叠世生物绝灭、气候变化以及海退事件有重要意义。     

江西峡山群的划分命名及其穿时性

本文以现代地层学的理论为指导，将江西峡山群划分为四个组级地层单位。除了对原有的三个单位，即云山组、中棚组、三门滩组之含义重新厘定外，新划分出了嶂岽组。在确定各组地质对限的前提下，以其岩石特征和岩石地层位置向两侧延展对比，并以生物化石为依据，阐述了各组由西而东的穿时性。     

碧口群的层序及时代

碧口群是一套发生在台地与裂谷之间的裂谷边缘型沉，各类岩石之间具有规律性的相变特征，按岩石类型及组合特征可划分为７个组级岩石地层单位。根据该群不整合在志留纪茂县群或水晶组之上，被中泥分统一石炭略阳组连续沉积覆盖，以及自身所产化石，将其时代确定为早一中泥盆世。     

关于甘肃长城纪地层划分的新认识

甘肃的长城纪地层划分以岩石地层为主。地层区可划分为北山地层区、祁连—北秦岭地层区（包括祁连山西段分区和兰州—天水分区）、华北地层区陇东分区及扬子地层区摩天岭分区。甘肃省长城纪岩石地层共分为７个群级单位（铅炉子沟群、古硐井群、朱龙关群、托来南山群、兴隆山群、碧口岩群、贺兰山群）、７个组级单位（熬油沟组、桦树沟组、南白水河组、葫芦河组、阳坝岩组、秧田坝岩组、黄旗口组）和６个组级非正式岩石地层单位。各单位特征明显，反映了甘肃省长城纪古地理轮廓和地层格架面貌     

广东志留纪岩石地层划分

广东志留纪地层除底部为浊积相砾岩外，往上以类复理石含笔石页岩为主，仅分布于云开分区。根据岩石自下而上由粗变细的组合特征，划分为大岗顶组，古墓组，连滩组和岭下组等４个岩石地层单位。郁南连滩地区志留纪笔石群的研究在国内外均具有重要意义。     

1：25万丁固幅、加措幅地质调查成果与进展

地层方面，在冈玛错下石炭统日湾擦卡组上部灰岩中采获晚二叠世古生物化石组合；在查波错东岸中二叠统鲁谷组上部灰岩中采获中三叠世化石；在磨盘山-带侏罗系雁石坪组灰岩中采获筵、珊瑚化石，大部分应划分为二叠系；在他利克甘利山上三叠统肖茶卡组中采获早三叠世牙形刺，将其修订为下三叠统硬水泉组；在测区东北角新发现一套角度不整合于上三叠统肖茶卡组砂屑灰岩之上的火山岩；友谊沟南西侧前人所划石炭系木实热不卡群与前泥盆系之间的角度不整合接触关系不存在，二者实为同一套地层；在尖山至走构由茶错一带新发现一套中酸性火山岩及一套玄武岩；在峡峡定沟、麦尔则一带新发现一套安山岩；在则下龙一带新发现一套冲积成因的更新统砾岩；初步确定区内第四纪更新世有古大湖存在。岩石方面，原所划的昆楚克错岩体、加作巴热岩体、先遣岩体实为一个巨大岩基；在达尔应一带新发现一套富含云母的典型S型花岗岩；在冈玛日北西岗玛错断裂以北新发现一处花岗片麻岩；在达尔应一带新发现呈断夹块产出的石榴角闪中长片麻岩；在冈玛日一带发现呈岩片状产出的蓝片岩。构造方面，查明冈玛错断裂为一构造混杂岩带，区内存在上、中、下构造层次的变形。新发现一批铜、铁、金、石膏、玉石等矿点。     

西藏措勤-申扎地层分区新建中--上侏罗统仁多组

在西藏措勤西部昂拉仁错南部新发现一套侏罗纪地层，其岩性和古生物组合特征均不同于邻区侏罗系。通过详细的层型剖面测制和对比研究，将其新建为组级岩石地层单位——仁多组。指定并详细描述了正层型剖面，讨论了仁多组的岩石组合特征、地层接触关系、基本层序和沉积环境。根据仁多组的生物化石组合及其地层分布建立了2个生物组合带，并确定仁多组下段与中-上段分属为中、上侏罗统。仁多组的建立为认识区域地层系统及地质演化提供了新资料。     

江西峡山群的划分命名及其穿时性

本文以现代地层学的理论为指导,将江西峡山群划分为四个组级地层单位。除了对原有的三个单位,即云山组、中棚组、三门滩组之含义重新厘定外,新划分出了嶂组。在确定各组地质时限的前提下,以其岩石特征和所在的岩石地层位置向两侧延展对比,并以生物化石为依据,阐述了各组由西而东的穿时性。     

西藏改则地区上三叠统亭共错组的建立及其意义

亭共错组是发育在羌南地块上的一套晚三叠世磨拉石建造，以浅灰-紫灰色杂色砾岩为主。夹少量灰色细-粗砂岩。总体为一套河床一边滩相沉积。在粉砂岩夹层中获植物化石Neocolamites carcinoides Harris，Neoca／am／tesn卿淞Sze，Neocalamites sp．，时代为晚三叠世。亭共错组的建立完善了上三叠统肖茶卡群的地层系统。亭共错组与下伏地层之间角度不整合关系的发现，为研究羌南地块向羌塘盆地转化的时限、藏北地区的印支运动和古特提斯的终结提供了直接依据。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。