郑州市地面沉降InSAR监测

针对地面沉降长期作用将会对城市建筑物、防洪排汛系统、地下线性管道,以及地铁、铁路等线性城市基础设施造成破坏,直接威胁人民生活及工业生产安全的问题,该文联合永久散射体雷达干涉测量和短基线雷达干涉测量技术,基于郑州市2012年至2013年的15景TerraSAR-X影像,提取了郑州市地面沉降场,并分析了郑州市地面沉降的原因及时空变化特征。研究区发现了4个沉降较显著的区域,均处于大型地表地下建设以及建筑物密集区,最大沉降量达到-48.66mm。结合研究区地质条件、地表环境以及已有研究成果分析表明,监测出的郑州市沉降区域是合理的。该监测成果同时验证了联合永久散射体干涉测量与短基线干涉测量方法监测城市地面沉降的有效性。     

PSInSAR永久散射体的自动探测

为了有效探测合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量中的永久散射体,综合考虑永久散射体对雷达波的强反射特性和散射的稳定性,本文提出了三重阈值自动探测算法,即时序相关系数、振幅离差和振幅指数三重阈值串行结合的算法.该方法首先考虑回波信号的高信噪比特性,用平均相干系数和振幅两道阈值挑选出永久散射体候选点,然后考虑永久散射体强稳定性,用振幅...     

多传感器集成的体视化形变监测模型研究

采用地面合成孔径雷达干涉测量(GB-SAR)、三维激光扫描、数码相机、GNSS和无线传感器网络等多种传感器集成技术,设计集成角反射器、紧凑有源转发器、GNSS接收机天线和物理传感器的专用目标特征点装置,将其布设在监测对象表面,自动获取监测对象的空间信息和内部物理状态信息,对GB-SAR雷达干涉测量数据算法进行探讨,在此基础上研究地基雷达干涉影像,将监测对象表面三维模型和内部物理状态模型进行融合,建立体视化形变监测模型的算法,从而实现在模型上对任意兴趣点形变信息进行自动提取和分析。     

基于PS-InSAR技术的长春市地面沉降监测研究

采用永久散射体差分干涉测量技术,获得长春市区地面沉降信息,同时检测形变中心,分析形变发展趋势,粗略估测形变速率,最终发现并确定重点沉降区域,分析其原因。     

融合Deep-ResUnet和PS-InSAR的城市道路网形变灾害监测方法——以合肥市为例

针对城市道路网变形监测存在的高分辨率影像获取难、道路人工提取效率低、传统变形监测工作量大等难题,本文提出了一种基于融合Deep-ResUnet和PS-InSAR的城市道路网形变监测方法。主要思路为：首先对目标区的哨兵-1A(Sentinel-1A)影像数据进行伪彩色变换建立道路数据集;然后训练深度残差网络(Deep-ResUnet)模型并对道路网栅格进行提取;最后利用永久散射体干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术获取PS点形变信息与道路网栅格融合。研究结果表明,Sentinel-1A影像经过伪彩色处理后,能提高城市道路网提取的完整性,交并比提高6%～9%,道路提取精度平均提高10%左右,得到的城市道路网形变信息专题图能为城市道路变形监测和健康状况评估提供科学依据。     

CRInSAR与PSInSAR联合监测矿区时序地表形变研究

正永久散射体差分干涉测量(PSInSAR)与人工角反射器差分干涉测量(CRInSAR)技术均为基于高相干目标点的时间序列形变监测手段,不受时间空间失相干严重影响,同时通过对相邻两目标点之间的相位作差,可极大地减弱模型中大气延迟相位的影响,因此本文旨在将这两种技术结合起来,应用于矿区沉降的监测中,以提高矿区地表形变监测的精度和可靠性。本文分别针对两种技术的理论、处理流程、算法及可靠性评价等方面进行了讨论与阐述,提出一套PSInSAR     

PS-InSAR技术地面沉降研究与展望

近年来,合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)技术在许多领域取得了良好的应用成果,但D-In-SAR确受时间失相干因素影响很大,同时大气效应也会影响D-InSAR的测量精度。1999年Ferrettit提出了永久散射体技术(Perm anent Scatterer,PS),它通过识别SAR图像中的永久散射体,消除大气影响,充分利用长基线距的干涉图像对,最大限度地提高数据的利用率,能取得毫米级的地表形变测量精度,因而大大增强了干涉测量的环境适应能力及其精度。本文着重介绍了PS技术原理,对其与D-InSAR相互关系进行了讨论,最后在地面沉降监测等领域开展这项研究潜力进行了展望。     

基于索引点的GPS异步环搜索算法

针对当前GPS数据处理软件不能全面检查GPS异步环的问题,该文提出了基于数理统计原理的搜索GPS异步环点索引算法。该算法利用数理统计的方法,通过GPS测站点在不同时段的重复情况,利用重复点作为异步环搜索的起始点,利用树形搜索的方法判断重复点之间能否构成异步环,在此基础上从GPS基线向量中抓取基线组成异步环,解决了异步环检查存在遗漏的问题,可以快速、无遗漏地搜索出所有异步环。该算法基于沈阳市GPS网实例数据计算结果表明:点索引算法可以全面快速地搜索出GPS三边异步环,解算GPS基线粗差,并且评估GPS基线解算精度。     

基于临时相干目标监测非城区地表形变

永久散射体干涉测量技术(PSInSAR)地表形变监测能力受限于稳定散射体的空间分布密度,在PS点稀疏的非城区不再有效。本文基于临时相干目标(temporarily coherent targets,TCT)局部时序高相干性和在非城区广泛分布的特点,提出改进算法以解决该难题。该算法通过顾及季节性周期变化筛选干涉对以保留TCT信息,并利用双阈值联合筛选法提取TCT,采用多次差分挖掘、分离TCT相位,最后反演得到TCT形变速率和高程修正量。利用TCT算法,采用24景Sentinel-1A卫星影像提取了靖边县2014-10-23—2016-05-09期间地表形变信息。通过PSInSAR的对比验证,表明临时相干目标时序分析方法能显著提高非城区监测目标空间分布密度并能有效地监测非城区地表形变。     

雷达影像地表形变干涉测量的机遇、挑战与展望

随着合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星的不断发射,合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)得到前所未有的发展机遇,同时也面临诸多挑战。本文首先简要介绍了SAR卫星发展现状与InSAR技术的基本原理,并系统梳理了干涉图堆叠(InSAR stacking)、小基线集干涉测量(small baseline subset InSAR,SBAS-InSAR)、永久散射体干涉测量(persistent scatterer InSAR,PS-InSAR)、分布式散射体干涉测量(distributed scatterer InSAR,DS-InSAR)和分频干涉测量(split-bandwidth interferometry,SBI)等先进InSAR技术的优缺点。在此基础上,指出目前InSAR技术面临的主要挑战(相位失相干、大气延迟、相位解缠、几何畸变和多维变形测量)及相应的解决方案。进一步从地震、火山、滑坡、地面沉降、冰川运动、人工建构筑物位移变形及大气水汽含量估计等不同的应用场景分析了InSAR技术的应用现状和存在的缺陷。最后,展望目前InSAR的发展趋势,随着更高空间分辨率,更高时间分辨率,更轻小化SAR卫星的不断发展,InSAR技术将会被应用到越来越多的新场景,激励我国雷达影像干涉测量更快发展。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。