多模数据融合的单频RTK算法研究与软件实现

参考开源的RTKLIB代码,基于Visual Studio 2013设计开发了支持GPS、北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS)、GLONASS、GAILIEO数据的单频实时动态(real-time kinematic,RTK)解算软件MSRTK(multi-ple system RTK),并用实测数据对其进行了效果测试.结果表明,多模系统单频RTK解算技术是可行的,且四系统模式的定位精度要优于单系统、双系统和三系统模式的定位精度,即多模系统的引入可以提高单频RT K算法的定位精度.这一工作为多系统单频接收机的应用提供了参考.     

基于小波分析提取单频GNSS伪距多路径误差及其对定位的影响

伪距多路径误差是影响GNSS导航定位精度的主要误差源之一。多路径误差与接收机周围环境有关,在实际应用中难以建立有效的多路径误差模型进行改正。对于多频GNSS接收机可以通过多频观测值组合估计伪距多路径,但该方法不适用于价格低廉的单频接收机,而导航中使用的大多数为单频接收机。因此,开展单频GNSS伪距多路径误差提取研究具有重要的工程应用价值。本文基于小波分析对单频GNSS接收机伪距多路径误差估计开展研究,首先验证了小波分析用于单频GNSS伪距多路径误差估计的可行性;其次,研究了采用不同的小波基和分解层次对多路径误差估计的影响;最后,研究了改正多路径误差对GNSS定位的影响。实验结果表明不同的小波基和分解层次对多路径误差提取效果没有明显的差别,但小波分解层次较低时定位误差分布相对更加集中,同时,经过多路径误差改正后在NEU3个方向RMS平均改善率达到20.4%、25.1%、16.4%。     

LPV-200下中国区域内 ARAIM 可用性评估

随着GNSS星座的增多以及多频技术的发展,基于解分离的高级接收机自主完好性监测算法被广泛研究。本文介绍了该算法的基本原理,并结合多星座特点,对中国区域内ARAIM算法能力进行评估,利用仿真数据分析了用户测距精度对算法可用性的影响;探讨了不同星座数据在中国区域的完好性性能。仿真结果表明：双频条件下,系统完好性性能很大程度上取决于用户测距精度,在中国区域内,仅GPS单星座不足以满足LPV-200进近对完好性的要求,GPS与Galileo双星座下,ARAIM 算法覆盖率可达100％。     

低成本μ-blox单频多系统GNSS接收机的定位性能分析

随着大众市场对高精度定位需求增加,基于低成本小型化设备的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)高精度定位成为研究热点之一. 本文以低成本多系统GNSS接收机μ-blox M8P型号为例,分析其观测数据质量,研究其伪距单点定位和单频载波相对定位的定位性能和特点,为低成本GNSS接收机高精度定位应用提供参考. 实验结果表明,与测量型接收机相比,μ-blox输出GNSS观测值的载噪比略小,伪距和载波相位的测量噪声较大. 静态模式下,μ-blox的单频载波相对定位(基线长度约为430 m)可以提供厘米级的定位精度;城市环境动态模式下,其单频载波相对定位可提供亚米级至米级的定位精度. 信号受限环境下,GPS／GLONASS双系统能够提供更稳定的定位结果.      

GNSS接收机自主完好性监测算法研究

随着GPS等卫星导航系统的广泛应用,实际导航中对接收机的导航定位精度也提出了越来越高的要求。目前对此较为有效的方法就是利用接收机自主完好性监测来保证,该方法日益受到重视。常用的自主完好性监测方法有伪距比较法、最小二乘残差法和Parity方法,针对利用最小二乘残差法实现的GNSS接收机自主完好性监测算法进行研究。     

利用单基准站改正信息和电离层参数估计的单频PPP算法

利用单个基准站提供的改正信息对流动站的单频观测值数据进行改正,同时引入电离层参数进行实时电离层延迟估计,进行单频精密单点定位（PPP）计算。相比传统的单频PPP方法,本文方法对单频PPP的收敛速度和定位精度都有很大的提高,定位精度优于2cm,且受基准站距离的影响较小。     

单频GPS实时定位精度分析

电离层延迟误差是单频GPS实时/事后定位误差的一个重要来源,目前尚无有效的方法来削弱其影响。针对这一状况,该文首先介绍了单频GPS改正电离层延迟误差的常用方法,通过分析说明了电离层格网数据能够有效改善单频GPS实时/事后定位误差。给出了电离层格网数据的建立、预报方法,并详细介绍了刺入点地心经纬度VTEC值的计算方法、四点格网法内插刺入点天顶方向的总电子含量以及单层模型投影函数。结合算例,分析比较了不同类型电离层改正数据与卫星星历数据对单频GPS实时/事后定位精度的影响。实验结果表明,利用电离层格网预报数据能够显著改善单频GPS的实时/事后导航定位精度,对提高单频GPS定位精度具有一定实用价值。     

GNSS单系统及多系统组合完好性分析

全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)的发展和完善为多星座融合定位、导航和授时提供了重要基础,也为接收机自主完好性监测提供了更有利的外部条件。首先通过星座仿真,分别计算了单频和双频条件下GNSS单系统及组合系统的保护水平;然后分析了全球范围内GNSS不同频率及不同组合方式条件下的保护水平的基本分布情况;最后探讨了在不同频率和组合方式条件下接收机自主完好性监测(receiver autonomous integrity monitoring, RAIM)在不同进近阶段的可用性。计算结果表明,单系统单频或双频组合均不能满足垂直制导航性能(localizer performance with vertical guidance 200ft, LPV-200)进近阶段的要求;双系统双频组合可满足LPV-200进近阶段的要求;三系统双频组合可满足具有垂直引导(approach with vertical guidance II,APV-II)的进近阶段的要求,但无法满足精密进近要求;四系统组合相比于三系统组合改善效果不明显。     

卫星导航系统综合仿真平台设计

差分增强技术能够有效提升卫星导航系统性能,然而公开发行的仿真平台难以全面便捷地研究该技术。设计了以差分和完好性研究需求为导向的综合仿真平台,可灵活配置星座、伪距误差、监测站、用户接收机等参数,具备完好性故障仿真功能,采用与接收机无关的数据交换格式和标准产品3轨道格式输出数据以便于程序间数据交换,可扩展调用用户插件进行数据分析。利用商业导航后处理软件GrafNav评估该平台性能,结果表明该平台输出数据与真实接收机输出数据的定位精度相当,可有效支持差分增强技术的研究。     

基于多模GNSS接收机的卫星系统完好性监测

为了满足多卫星系统完好性监测的需要,本文通过对比不同卫星系统定位结果的方法来监测各个卫星系统的可用性。利用上述方法对实测的三模(GPS、GLONASS和COMPASS)数据进行了处理,结果表明该方法具有可行性,可为多模GNSS接收机的自主完好性监测提供参考信息。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。