赣北大湖塘钨矿成岩成矿物质来源的矿物学和同位素示踪研究

赣北大湖塘超大型钨矿位于九岭钨多金属矿集区东部。本文对大湖塘钨矿石门寺矿段矿物学特征进行了系统的研究,结合同位素示踪分析了成岩成矿物质来源。岩相学研究表明,石门寺矿段蚀变以黑云母化、云英岩化及碱交代(钾长石化、钠长石化)作用为主。黑云母化的过程中释放了一定量的挥发分,云英岩化和碱交代作用除萃取部分的成矿物质外,使岩体中的Ca2+大量活化迁移。晋宁晚期黑云母花岗闪长岩与燕山中期似斑状花岗岩、花岗斑岩矿物成分研究表明:(1)斜长石普遍富钠,似伟晶岩壳主晶为钾长石,客晶为钠长石;(2)黑云母具有富铁贫镁的特点,黑云母花岗闪长岩及似斑状花岗岩中的黑云母均为铁质黑云母,花岗斑岩中黑云母为铁叶云母。黑云母成分指示大湖塘石门寺矿段花岗岩类均为过铝质S型花岗岩,成岩物质均为壳源。石英氢、氧同位素及黑钨矿氧同位素研究表明成矿流体为岩浆水。黄铜矿、辉钼矿硫同位素表明成矿流体中硫来自于岩浆。结合前人研究成果,本文认为富钨的双桥山群浅变质岩在燕山中期发生了部分熔融,产生了高分异的富含钨元素及挥发分的岩浆,岩浆分异演化过程中形成的含矿热液使侵入体自身及围岩发生大规模的蚀变作用,进而在燕山中期侵入岩的内外接触带形成了大湖塘超大型钨多金属矿床。     

赣南西华山花岗岩的云母成分特征及其对岩浆演化与成矿过程的指示

西华山钨矿为华南地区最重要的钨矿产区之一,其形成与西华山复式岩体的岩浆演化过程密切相关。随着岩浆演化,西华山钨矿区花岗岩的云母成分发生变化,三八面体云母和二八面体云母分别按"富铁黑云母→铁叶云母→黑鳞云母"和"白云母/多硅白云母→富锂多硅白云母"的方向演化。Li主要通过"Fe2++Mg→AlⅥ+Li"置换方式进入云母晶格,在岩浆演化过程中云母的Li含量逐渐升高。F在云母-熔体间的分配系数随着云母的Mg#(Mg#=100Mg/(Mg+Mn+Fe))降低而减小,因此岩浆演化过程中云母的F含量未明显升高,有利于熔体富集F并演化至更高程度。另外,西华山成矿花岗岩的云母因受到流体交代作用而普遍发育环带结构。环带结构云母的边部与核部相比具有明显较低的Li、F,属于多硅白云母,而出现与多硅白云母共存的方解石表明交代作用流体富含CO2。因此,西华山含矿花岗岩在岩浆演化过程中存在含CO2、相对贫Li和F流体的加入。西华山花岗岩中云母成分的变化还指示体系的氧逸度曾发生变化,即从高氧逸度环境转变为氧逸度相对较低的环境,有利于钨矿的形成。     

湖南千里山岩体中金红石化学成分标型特征研究

金红石是湖南千里山岩体黑云母花岗岩中一种常见的副矿物。本文通过分析千里山黑云母花岗岩中金红石的化学成分,探讨了金红石对岩浆热液演化与钨锡成矿的指示作用。结果表明,金红石主要受热液蚀变作用的影响呈3种形态产出。第1种为形成于黑云母裂隙的他形金红石;第2种是颗粒较大的单晶金红石;第3种是呈集合体产出且粒度不等的条带状金红石。随着黑云母花岗岩的蚀变与成矿作用的不断增强,黑云母花岗岩金红石中的元素钨不断富集,表明金红石中的钨含量可以作为花岗岩成矿能力的判别标志,含钨高的金红石对钨矿的形成富集有一定的指示意义,可作为钨矿找矿的标志之一。     

芙蓉锡矿田骑田岭花岗岩黑云母矿物化学组成及其对锡成矿的指示意义

芙蓉锡矿田骑田岭复式岩体主要由早阶段角闪石黑云母花岗岩和晚阶段黑云母花岗岩组成.电子探针分析结果表明角闪石黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于铁黑云母,黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于铁叶云母.相对于黑云母花岗岩,角闪石黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的MgO、TiO2含量偏高,Al2O3含量偏低.矿物化学研究结果显示,角闪石黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的结晶温度、氧逸度(logfO2)分别为680℃～740℃、-16.00～-15.31,黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的结晶温度、氧逸度分别为530℃～650℃、-19.20～-17.50.从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩,岩浆结晶温度和氧逸度逐渐降低.与花岗岩有关的共存流体性质的研究发现,与角闪石黑云母花岗岩共存的热液流体log(fH2O/fHF)fluid,log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid,log(fHF/fHCl)fiuid值分别为4.22～4.39,2.78～3.24,-1.82～-1.73,而与黑云母花岗岩共存的热液流体log(fH2O/fHF)fluid,log(fH2OfHCl)fluid,log(fHF/fHCl)fluid值分别为3.27～3.53,2.85～3.22,-0.75～-0.22,可见与两种岩石类型共存热液流体的性质存在明显差异,且热液中Cl、Sn含量变化与岩浆结晶分异指数呈正相关关系.骑田岭岩体从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩,随着岩浆的演化.岩浆结晶期后分异出的热液流体向富Cl和Sn方向演化.芙蓉锡矿田的成矿流体应主要来源于黑云母花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的岩浆热液.     

矽卡岩型钨矿床成矿相关岩体识别——以江西景德镇朱溪超大型矽卡岩型钨矿床为例

钨矿往往与酸性或中酸性侵入岩相关,对于复式岩体通常仅与某一特定期次岩浆相关,如何确定成矿相关岩体是找矿勘查的一道难题。朱溪矽卡岩型钨矿床位于江南古陆钨矿带,是一个世界级钨矿床。该矿床的形成主要与黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒花岗岩密切相关,此次研究发现黑云母二长花岗岩中的黑云母发生蚀变、分解过程中形成了大量含W金红石(w(WO_3)为0.01%~0.96%)。这类含W次生金红石同样出现在华南地区多个钨矿床的成矿相关岩体中,并且其WO_3含量显著高于与岩浆作用相关的锡矿床和斑岩型铜(金)矿床中的次生金红石的WO_3含量。此外,朱溪矿床中岩浆演化晚期形成的细粒花岗岩中结晶了一些自形板状的原生金红石,这些金红石同样显著富集W元素(w(WO_3)为0.06%~1.12%)。金红石中的Ti容易被W所替代,导致(岩浆)热液体系所经历的W元素富集过程会被结晶的金红石所记录。因此,通过花岗质岩体中黑云母发生蚀变或分解后形成的次生金红石,或岩浆演化晚阶段形成的细晶岩脉中的原生金红石的W元素含量,可以判断岩浆结晶演化过程中是否经历过W元素的富集及相应的富集程度,从而判断花岗质岩体是否具备形成钨矿床的潜力。     

岩背花岗岩黑云母矿物化学研究及其对成矿意义的指示

对岩背火山-斑岩型锡矿含黄玉黑云母花岗岩和含黄玉花岗斑岩中黑云母矿物化学研究表明,含黄玉黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于富铁黑云母,含黄玉花岗斑岩中的黑云母属于铁叶云母。含黄玉花岗斑岩的成岩温度为720℃~730℃,logfO2为-15.5~-15.7;含黄玉黑云母花岗岩的成岩温度为510℃~550℃,logfO2为-19.2~-18.7。含黄玉花岗斑岩成岩温度、氧逸度高于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩成岩温度和氧逸度。与含黄玉花岗斑共存热液流体log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid值为4.29~4.99,与含黄玉黑云母花岗岩共存热液流体log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid值为3.15~3.67。因此,相对于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩,含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程中分异出的流体富F和Sn,即岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程分异出的原始流体以富F和Sn为特征,结合有关岩背Sn矿成矿流体的研究结果,进一步揭示出岩背Sn矿成矿流体为岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程分异出的岩浆热液,相对于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩,含黄玉花岗斑岩与锡成矿关系更密切。     

赣西北大湖塘石门寺钨矿区花岗岩的成因及其对钨矿的指示意义

江西省晚中生代大湖塘钨矿是近年来中国勘查出的世界级钨矿产地之一,位于新元古代江南造山带的东段,地处赣北武宁、修水、靖安三县交界处。该区属于江南地块中生代钨铜钼等多金属成矿带,大规模出露晋宁期闪长岩和燕山期花岗岩。文章对赣西北大湖塘石门寺钨矿区新元古代和燕山期的4种花岗岩进行详细的岩相学,锆石和锡石U-Pb年代学、微量元素的研究。锆石U-Pb研究结果表明,新元古代黑云母花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄为(829.9±4.7)Ma;燕山期云英岩化似斑状黑云母花岗岩、细粒黑云母花岗岩和云英岩化黑云母花岗斑岩的成岩年龄分别是(148.3±2.6)Ma,(145.5±3.6)Ma和(147.7±1.5)Ma,与锡石所获得的U-Pb年龄相互吻合。主要含矿的似斑状黑云母花岗岩中锡石所含的钨含量明显高于其他燕山期花岗岩,暗示了似斑状黑云母花岗岩岩浆中高的钨含量。锆石钛温度计表明,燕山期的花岗岩均形成于较低的温度,加权平均值的变化范围为734~788°C。锆石的微量元素结果表明,似斑状黑云母花岗岩形成于较低的氧逸度环境,更有利于形成钨矿。     

赣北大湖塘矿床的含铌钽与含钨花岗岩成岩成矿特征对比研究

大湖塘钨多金属矿床位于江西北部三县（武宁、修水、靖安）交界处,是近年来发现的一个超大型钨矿床,与燕山期含钨花岗质岩浆活动密切相关。本次研究发现该区还存在含铌钽花岗斑岩,利用全岩地球化学特征、矿物的结构和主微量元素成分、以及锆石和铌铁矿族矿物U- Pb同位素年代学,对比含铌钽花岗斑岩和含钨似斑状花岗岩成岩成矿特征,以探讨两类不同成矿花岗岩的成因及成矿联系。研究得出： WingdingsAB@ 含铌钽花岗斑岩的U- Pb LA- ICP- MS锆石和铌铁矿族矿物同位素年龄分别为146±2 Ma和144±5 Ma,与含钨似斑状花岗岩的成岩成矿年龄（150~140Ma）接近;②含铌钽花岗斑岩全岩的Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值分别为1.7和13,云母为含锂白云母,Li2O和F含量最高可达2.1%和3.8%,K2O/Rb2O比值24,而含钨似斑状花岗岩中具有相对较高的Nb/Ta（~4.8）和Zr/Hf（~30）比值,云母也以白云母为主,含有0.32% Li2O和1.5% F,K2O/Rb2O比值88,表明含铌钽花岗斑岩的演化程度比含钨似斑状花岗岩更高;③两类花岗岩中的成矿指示性矿物有明显差异,含铌钽花岗斑岩中包括具有岩浆成因特征的铌铁矿族矿物、钨铌锰矿、锡锰钽矿、含铌钽黑钨矿、含铌钽金红石和富集稀有金属元素的含锂白云母;而含钨似斑状花岗岩中主要体现为热液期形成的黑钨矿、白钨矿、金红石和锡石。本次研究认为,含铌钽花岗斑岩的原始岩浆中富含铌钽钨等元素,高挥发组分和岩浆流体的作用有利于岩浆期稀有金属成矿作用的发生;而含钨似斑状花岗岩中钨成矿作用发生在岩浆作用的后期,与后期流体作用相关性更大,这些信息也验证了大湖塘矿床发生了多期多阶段钨锡稀有金属成矿作用。     

西藏拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床黑云母矿物化学特征

西藏冈底斯成矿带拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床位于西藏特提斯构造域拉萨地块东段中南部。拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床黑云母分为岩浆黑云母和热液黑云母。岩浆黑云母和绢英岩化带的热液黑云母属于镁质黑云母,钾化带的热液黑云母属于镁质黑云母和金云母,具有富镁的特征,是斑岩铜多金属矿床的一个典型特征。成矿岩体花岗闪长斑岩,属于造山带钙碱性岩系,具壳幔混源的成因特点,并且其黑云母与角闪石共生。与钾化带和绢英岩化带的热液黑云母相比,岩浆黑云母具有较高的BaO和TiO2含量。与岩浆黑云母和绢英岩化带热液黑云母相比,钾化带热液黑云母具高Si和Mg(XMg),低Fe;而绢英岩化带的热液黑云母又比岩浆黑云母较高Mg(XMg)。岩浆黑云母温度为706~746℃,平均值725℃;钾化带热液黑云母温度为396~453℃,平均值422℃;绢英岩化带热液黑云母278~372℃,平均值331℃。拉抗俄矿床黑云母氧逸度较高,均为NNO,有利于铜钼矿化形成;从岩浆黑云母到钾化带热液黑云母氧逸度升高,有利于铜钼成矿物质的运移,而从钾化带热液黑云母到绢英岩化带热液黑云母氧逸度降低,温度和氧逸度的变化可能是铜钼沉淀的一个原因。岩浆黑云母和绢英岩化带热液黑云母遵循"F-Fe avoidance"结晶化学规则,而钾化带热液黑云母F与XMg不遵循"F-Fe avoidance"结晶化学规则。岩浆黑云母、钾化带和绢英岩化带热液黑云母Cl与XMg均不遵循"Mg-Cl avoidance"结晶化学规则。黑云母化学成分记录了岩浆结晶过程中流体成分的变化。从岩浆黑云母到钾化带热液黑云母,再到绢英岩化热液黑云母,Ⅳ(F)和Ⅳ(F/Cl)逐渐减小,Ⅳ(Cl)逐渐增大。岩浆向热液演化过程中,F和Cl含量不断增加。岩浆-成矿热液F和Cl的含量的变化,对成矿物质运移和沉淀具有重要的作用。从岩浆黑云母到钾化带热液黑云母,再到绢英岩化带热液黑云母,lg(fHF/fHCl)逐渐减小,lg(fH2O/fHCl)和lg(fH2O/fHF)逐渐增大。岩浆熔体和热液流体存在很大差别;并且绢英岩化热液流体与钾化热液流体也不同,黑云母卤素化学也不代表一种单一的流体;绢英岩化热液流体混合大气水。本文研究结果显示,黑云母化学成分可以反映岩浆的性质和化学成分以及结晶过程中的物理化学条件。     

湘东锡田燕山期A型花岗岩黑云母矿物化学特征及其成岩成矿意义

黑云母的化学组成特征对揭示花岗岩的源区特征、形成环境、后期热液作用以及成矿元素富集特征具有重要的指示意义.对与锡田钨锡多金属矿床成矿作用密切相关的锡田燕山早期花岗岩黑云母和长石成分进行了系统的电子探针分析.分析结果表明,黑云母具有富铁贫镁、高铝低钠的特征,其MgO和FeOT含量分别为0.12%~1.35%和15.47%~23.24%,类似于高铁黑云母;其含铁指数Fe/(Fe+Mg)较高,集中在0.87~0.99,属于铁叶云母;其长石主要以正长石和钠长石为主.这些特征暗示了寄主岩石源区以壳源为主.结合相关区域地质资料,表明锡田燕山早期花岗质岩浆具有较高的温度和较低的氧逸度.黑云母具有高的含铁指数、较高的结晶温度和低的氧逸度等特征均有利于锡成矿,可以作为勘探锡矿的标志之一.综合分析认为,在锡田花岗质岩浆演化过程中,岩浆结晶期后分异出的流体趋向于向富锡的方向演化,是锡田多金属矿床成矿流体的重要来源.      

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

新疆阿图什市木吉地区木吉群孢粉化石的发现

新疆维吾尔自治区阿图什市木吉地区邻近帕米尔,是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞挤压应力最集中的地区,地层变质和变形强烈,研究基础薄弱。木吉群由变质砂岩、板岩、千枚岩、石英岩、钙质石英岩、变粒岩、二云石英片岩、大理岩等组成,一直未发现任何化石。最近,笔者在木吉乡的喀拉足克沟和阿拉木陶沟的粉砂岩、钙质粉砂岩中发现了一些植物管胞片和孢粉化石:Gran-ulatisporites sp.,Cycloranisporites sp.,Verrucosisporites sp.,Pityosporites sp.,Punetatosporites sp.,Leiotriletes sp.,Apicu-latisporites sp.,Platysaccus sp.,Cycodopites sp.等。从地层接触关系和孢粉化石的整体面貌看,木吉地区含上述孢粉化石的木吉群的时代可能为泥盆纪—石炭纪。     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

西藏措勤县雄玛地区始新统林子宗群帕那组 火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景

西藏措勤县雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩大地构造位置位于冈底斯—念青唐古拉山板片,地层分区上属于冈底斯地层区、隆格尔—南木林地层分区。岩性主要为一套以浅灰色、灰绿色流纹质凝灰岩为主,夹浅黄绿色、灰绿色流纹岩及英安岩、火山角砾岩、杂砂岩及砾岩的岩石组合。之下与永珠组和拉嘎组呈喷发不整合接触。岩石地球化学特征表明该火山岩系属过铝质的高钾钙碱性—亚碱性系列,稀土元素地球化学中轻稀土元素明显富集,微量元素中大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th、U、LREE)富集,高场强元素(Nb、P、Ti)亏损。以上特征说明雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩岩浆源于陆壳重熔,属与俯冲造山有关的陆相火山岩,同时又兼具陆—陆碰撞的特点。推测帕那组火山岩形成于新特提斯洋壳俯冲基本结束,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞开始的构造背景下,年龄大概在38Ma左右,为始新世晚期。     

藏北羌塘丁固—加措地区康托组的时代

自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪.笔者于丁固-加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusocharat sp.,O.lanpingenis,Gyrogona qinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K-Ar年龄65.1～66.5Ma.上述轮藻组合与同位素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世-始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪.由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动.     

Platinoids in the Kaalamo Differentiated Massif in the Northern Ladoga Region,Karelia, Russia

The Kaalamo massif is located in the Northern Ladoga region, Karelia, on the extension of the Kotalahti Belt of Ni-bearing ultramafic intrusions in Finland. The massif, 1.89 Ga in age, is differentiated from pyroxenite to diorite. Nickel–copper sulfide mineralization with platinoids is related to the pyroxenite phase. The ore consists of two mineral types: (i) pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite and (ii) chalcopyrite, both enriched in PGE. Pd and Pt bismuthotellurides, as well as Pd and Pt tellurobismuthides, are represented by the following mineral species: kotulskite, sobolevskite, merenskyite, michenerite, moncheite, keithconnite, telluropalladinite; Pt and Pd sulfides comprise vysotskite, cooperite, braggite, palladium pentlandite, and some other rare phases. High-palladium minerals are contained in pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite ore. Native gold intergrown with kotulskite commonly contains microinclusions (1–3 μm) of Pd stannides: paolovite and atokite. Ore with 20–60% copper sulfides (0.2–6.0% Cu) contains 5.1–6.6 gpt PGE and up to 0.13–2.3 gpt Au. Pd minerals, arsenides and sulfoarsenides of Pt, Rh, Ir, Os, and Ru are identified as well. These are sperrylite, ruthenium platarsite, hollingworthite, and irarsite; silvery gold and paolovite have also been noted. All these minerals have been revealed in the massif for the first time. The paper also presents data on the compositions of 25 PGE minerals (PGM) from Kaalamo ores.     

Metasomatic effects in the Faraday Metagabbro,Bancroft, Ontario,Canada

Summary The Middle Proterozoic Faraday Metagabbro in the Bancroft area of eastern Ontario has been subjected to syn-orogenic textural and mineralogical modifications resulting in the formation of scapolite-bearing metagabbro and gabbroic blastomylonite assemblages. The elemental flux during cryptic and overt scapolitization has been calculated usingGresens general metasomatic equation which applies corrections for density and volume changes during alteration. Metasomatic variation diagrams using analyses from two primary gabbros and six altered rocks indicate that Na, K, Cl, Li, Rb, and Ba are the principal introduced elements and that Cu and S were removed. These changes are very similar to those involved in the formation of metasomatic nepheline-bearing rocks elsewhere in the district and, furthermore, nephelinization and scapolitization were broadly coincident in time and space. It is concluded that the nephelin- and scapolite-bearing rocks and their cryptic facies are different manifestations of the same metasomatic agent and that the source of the fluids was a possible horizon of evaporitic sediments within the country rocks in which the gabbro was emplaced.

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Metasomatose im Faraday-Metagabbro, Bancroft, Ontario, Kanada

Zusammenfassung Der Mittel-proterozoische Faraday-Gabbro in der Umgebung von Bancroft (Ost-Ontario) erfuhr synorogene Veränderungen in Textur und Mineralogie, die zur Bildung skapolit-haltiger Metagabbros und gabbroider Blastomylonite führten. Die während kryptischer und offener Skapolitisierung stattfindende Elementtransport wurde mit Hilfe der vonGresens entwickelten generellen metasomatischen Gleichung errechnet; Korrekturen für Varänderungen in spezifischer Dichte und Volumen wurden angebracht. Metasomatische Variationsdiagramme basierend auf Analysen an zwei primären Gabbros und sechs modifizierten Gesteinen zeigen, daß Na, K, Cl, Li, Rb und Ba die hauptsächlich zugeführten Elemente darstellen, und daß Cu-und S-Konzentrationen abgebaut wurden. Diese Veränderungen sind vergleichbar mit solchen, wie sie bei der Bildung metasomatischer, Nephelin-haltiger Gesteine erkannt wurden. Außerdem fallen Nephelinisierung und Skapolitisierung zeitlich und räumlich in etwa zusammen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß Nephelin- und Skapolit-haltige Gesteine und deren kryptische Phasen durch den gleichen metasomatischen Prozeß entstanden sind, und daß die Herkunft der umwandelnden Lösungen möglicherweise in evaporitischen Sedimenten zu suchen ist, in die der Gabbro intrudierte.

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With 3 Figures     

Geochronology of the Dovyren intrusive complex, northwestern Baikal area, Russia, in the Neoproterozoic

The paper reports newly obtained data on the geochronology of the Dovyren intrusive complex and associated metarhyolites of the Inyaptuk Formation in the Synnyr Range. The data were obtained by local LA-ICPMS analysis of zircons in samples. The U-Pb age of olivine-free gabbronorite from near the roof of the Yoko-Dovyren Massif is 730 ± 6 Ma (MSWD = 1.7, n = 33, three samples) is close to the estimated age of 731 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, n = 56, five samples) of a 200-m-thick sill beneath the pluton. These data overlap the age of recrystallized hornfels found within the massif (“charnockitoid”, 723 ± 7 Ma, MSWD = 0.12, n = 10) and a dike of sulfidated gabbronorite below the bottom of the massif (725 ± 8 Ma, MSWD = 2.0, n = 15). The estimates are also consistent with the age of albite hornfels (721 ± 6 Ma, MSWD = 0.78, n = 12), which was produced in a low-temperature contact metamorphic facies of the host rocks. The average age of the Dovyren Complex is 728.4 ± 3.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.8, n = 99) based on data on the sill, near-roof gabbronorite, and “charnockitoid”) and is roughly 55 Ma older than the estimate of 673 ± 22 Ma (Sm-Nd; [13]). The U-Pb system of zircon in two quartz metaporphyre samples from the bottom portion of the Inyaptuk volcanic formation in the northeastern part of the Yoko-Dovyren Massif turns out to be disturbed. The scatter of the data points can be explained by the effect of two discrete events. The age of the first zircon population is then 729 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 0.74, n = 8), and that of the second population is 667 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 1.9, n = 13). The older value pertains to intrusive rocks of Dovyren, and the age of the “rejuvenated” zircon grains corresponds to the hydrothermal-metasomatic processes, which affected the whole volcano-plutonic sequence and involved the serpentinization of the hyperbasites. This is validated by the results of Rb-Sr isotopic studies with the partial acid leaching of two serpentinized peridotite samples from the Verblyud Sill. These studies date the overprinted processes at 659 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, n = 3).     

Sedimentary structures in the Lower Greensand of the Weald,England, and Bas-Boulonnais,France

Study of the cross-stratification and other sedimentary structures in the Lower Greensand of the Weald, England, and Bas-Boulonnais, France, indicates that the sediments were deposited by the lateral migration of sand waves in a neritic sea. Comparison of the Lower Greensand sea with the modern North Sea was attempted. If those sediments were deposited as a result of tidal current similar to the present-day North Sea then the Lower Greensand shoreline could be deduced as running northwest-southeast, indication that the western part of the London Platform was submerged.     

Sedimentology in metamorphic rocks,the Willyama Supergroup,Broken Hill,Australia

In the upper greenschist to granulite grade rocks of the Willyama Supergroup at Broken Hill, Australia, earlier recognition of metamorphosed graded bedding in siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks led to interpretations of these rocks as deep-water turbidites. However, graded beds can also be deposited in shelfal environments below storm wave base. This study identified other tempestite features including wave oscillation ripples, hummocky cross-stratification and swaley cross-stratification indicating that deposition took place above the wave base of the larger storms.

Albitised metasedimentary rocks of the upper Thackaringa Group show structures such as swaley cross-stratification typical of shallow-water conditions above fair-weather wave base. Deposition of the Broken Hill Group commenced with muddy Allendale Metasediments conformable on the Thackaringa Group. The Ettlewood Calc-Silicate Member, originally a dolomitic, siliceous sediment, is interpreted as coastal sabkha indicating onset of a marine transgression. The Parnell Gneiss represents a volcanic or volcaniclastic interruption, heralding gradually increasing input of sand in the Freyers Metasediments reaching a maximum in middle Freyers Metasediments, followed by an abrupt reversion to mud, still influenced by wave action. An open marine shelf is interpreted, possibly 30 m deep (no more than 100 m) in the final stage of a developing rift. The Broken Hill Group terminated with the massive Hores Gneiss volcanic unit.

Sedimentation of the siliciclastic Sundown Group took place in similar conditions, commencing with a muddy interval overlying the Hores Gneiss. The shallowing produced by ～90 m thickness of volcanic/volcaniclastic Hores Gneiss was compensated by subsidence.

Paragon Group deposition commenced with substantial black mud, resulting from isolation from the sand supply and probably isolation from the sea. A fresh connection to the sea led first to the deposition of dolomitic carbonate (King Gunnia Calc-Silicate Member), then to deposition of parallel-laminated fine sand below wave base (upper Cartwrights Creek Metasediments), followed by ripple cross-laminated sand above wave base (Bijerkerno Metasediments). The Dalnit Bore Metasediments show abundant very thin graded silt–mud units possibly deposited below storm wave base, and thicker units of stacked wave oscillation ripples deposited above the wave base of larger storms.

The Broken Hill orebody is hosted by altered Broken Hill Group metasedimentary rocks deposited at water depths of ～30 m. Unless the ore fluid temperature was less than 150°C, it is likely that the orebody formed below the seafloor: at such shallow-water depths, the confining pressure would be inadequate to suppress boiling of hotter rising hydrothermal fluids.