基于SHMS的润扬悬索桥桥址区北风特性的研究

气象研究表明,作用在润扬悬索桥上的强风荷载主要是夏季台风和冬季偏北大风。运营近三年来,润扬悬索桥结构健康监测系统（SHMS）中的风速仪记录了经过该桥址区的大量强风样本。本文通过对北京时间2007-03-10 T13：00～2007-03-10 T16：00期间的实测强北风风速风向数据的分析,得到了该时段的风速和风向、紊流强度、紊流积分尺度、紊流功率谱密度函数等强风特性。结果表明,桥址区实测北风风速风向较稳定;顺风向紊流功率谱密度函数与Kaimal谱吻合较好;紊流强度较规范偏高。     

典型风场的分形特征及分形模拟

本文对于由风洞试验得出的不同风场类别的脉动风速进行了盒维数的分析,发现各类风场的盒维数明显不同,而采用传统数值模拟方法模拟的A、B、C三类风场的脉动风速的盒维数几乎没有变化。为了弥补脉动风速传统数值模拟方法的缺陷,采用包含分形维数的Weierstrass-Mandelbro函数模拟A、B、C三类风场的脉动风速,并与由风洞试验得到的各类风场的脉动风速的盒维数,湍流度,功率谱等特征进行对比。结果表明分形模拟方法所得的脉动风速的盒维数在各类风场中明显不同,且随着湍流度的增大而减小,并且分形模拟方法模拟的脉动风速谱和风洞试验的脉动风速谱更加接近。     

台风“菲特”影响下温州某高层建筑顶部风场特性实测分析

东南沿海是我国经济发达地区,在沿海城市中心的高层建筑开展风场特性实测研究,对城市中心高层建筑的抗风设计具有重要的工程意义。本文基于2013年在温州市中心某高层建筑顶部实测获得的台风"菲特"的风场数据,研究获得了温州市中心高空台风风场的湍流度、阵风因子、峰值因子、湍流积分尺度和风速谱等风场特性。研究结果表明,湍流度、阵风因子和峰值因子随10min平均风速增大基本保持稳定;阵风因子随湍流度的增大而增大,且基本为线性关系;湍流度、阵风因子和峰值因子均随阵风持续时间的增加而减小,减小速率逐渐变缓,且变化曲率与Durst的经验曲线较为相似。     

90°螺旋型和方形截面高层建筑气弹效应对比研究

设计并制作了动力特性基本一致的90°螺旋型和方形截面高层建筑的多自由度气弹模型,对气弹模型进行了风洞试验。运用随机减量法识别了顺、横风向以及多风向角下的气动阻尼;对出现了"拍"现象的工况采用小波方法解耦模态后再进行气动阻尼识别。风洞试验结果表明,方形截面高层建筑顺、横风向气动阻尼比随折算风速的变化规律与相关研究结果类似;螺旋型高层建筑顺风向气动阻尼比随折算风速的变化规律与方形截面高层建筑较为接近,在高折算风速段的阻尼比值相比方形截面高层建筑偏小,横风向气动阻尼比在低折算风速段微弱上升,随后下降,在0值附近波动。对多个风向角的加速度响应进行研究,螺旋型高层建筑均表现出良好的气动性能,尤其在横风向折算风速为12.43时,其加速度均方根为方形截面高层建筑的25.48%。     

横风向旋涡脱落的共振分析及在工程上的应用

结构在风荷载作用下，不但会出现顺风向平均风响应和脉动风引起的风振响应，而且必然同时出现横风向旋涡脱落风振，当横风向旋涡脱落频率与结构的某阶自振频率一致时，结构会产生极大的横风向共振，以致引起结构的损坏或破坏。在阐述横风向旋涡脱落频率共振的基本原理基础上，结合工程实际，对某一电信楼的避雷针结构进行了横风向风振(旋涡脱落)的校核与计算，得到了一些有益的结论与建议，为避雷针的进行风振控制提供了可靠的参考依据。     

基于星载SAR数据的台风参数估计及风场构建

传统的星载SAR数据海面风场反演方法是利用海面风场与雷达后向散射系数之间的经验关系即CMOD5模式函数求解海面风场.但在台风条件下,由于降雨对雷达信号的影响及高风速条件下CMOD5模式函数的停滞效应,海面风场的反演精度迅速下降.针对降雨对雷达信号的影响,本文基于星载SAR卫星平台未搭载降雨测量载荷的特点,将多时次的静止气象卫星红外云图用于推导台风云系的运动矢量,并由该运动矢量及非同步观测降雨数据估算星载SAR数据过境时的降雨强度.最后,利用订正模型和降雨强度数据进行降雨订正.针对高风速条件下CMOD5模式函数的停滞效应,本文基于台风的SAR图像特征和改进的HOLLAND台风模型,提出了台风参数估计及风场构建方案.首先,利用基于小波分析的风向提取算法提取台风风场的海面风向信息,并通过地球物理模式函数和风向信息反演海面风速.然后,根据台风眼的SAR图像特征计算台风中心位置和最大风速半径,并将其代入改进的HOLLAND台风模型.最后,利用中低风速数据通过最小二乘法拟合台风中心气压和最大风速,并将台风风向、中心位置、最大风速半径、中心气压和最大风速等参量代入改进的HOLLAND模型构建台风海面风场.为了验证方案的精度,选择台风"艾利"、"卡努"和"奥菲利娅"的星载SAR数据进行试验,并利用美国联合台风预警中心和飓风研究中心的最佳路径数据和风场数据进行精度检验.结果表明,本文利用星载SAR数据估算的台风中心位置、中心气压、最大风速与最佳路径数据基本一致,构建的海面风场精度较高,其中,海面风速的均方差为1.4 m s-1,风向的均方差为2.1°,为台风监测提供了新的技术途径.     

湍流湿度脉动特性研究——根据淮河流域实验资料

利用淮河流域实验得到的湍流湿度脉动资料 ,应用统计理论、Fourier分析和小波分析方法 ,对湍流湿度脉动的统计特征、谱特征和间歇性特征作了初步分析 .结果表明 :(1)在淮河流域这样的高湿地区 ,水汽对其地表能量平衡 ,能量输送与循环具有重要作用 ;(2)湍流湿度脉动的能谱和互谱在惯性副区基本符合“ - 2 /3”次律和“ - 4/3”次律 ;(3)淮河流域湍流湿度脉动场存在很强的间歇性 ,不符合Kolmogorov湍流理论 .利用离散正交小波变换将湍流湿度脉动场中的耗散事件分离出来 ,通过引入限制因子 ,将湍流脉动场中的耗散事件滤去后 ,能较好地抑制湍流湿度的间歇性 .但与风速脉动相比 ,湍流湿度场间歇性的抑制效果较差 .     

大型浅水湖泊太湖波浪特征及其对风场的敏感性分析

以空间均匀的实际风场为驱动,利用SWAN模式模拟了太湖波浪场,结果表明:SWAN模式能够较好的模拟太湖波浪的生成与传播,适用于大型浅水湖泊(太湖);同时分析了该风场驱动下下太湖风浪谱,波浪的绝对频率主要集中在0.45～1.0 Hz的中高频率段;风向与波向具有高度一致性.在同一风速下,太湖不同区域波浪成长稳定时间不同,湖心区稳定的谱峰频率在0.342～0.585 Hz之间,湾区及西山岛附近狭长水域稳定的谱峰频率在0.447～0.765 Hz之间;在同一区域,风速增大,波浪稳定时间减少,谱峰频率沿低频推移,在湖心区谱峰频率最小不低于0.340 Hz,湾区、西山岛附近狭长水域最小不低于0.447 Hz;风向的改变对湾区及西山岛附近狭长水域的波浪频谱形状影响较大.     

利用全极化微波辐射计资料反演台风境内海面风场

作为一种新兴的被动遥感技术,全极化微波辐射计不仅可以提供海面风速产品,还可以提供海面风向产品.以往利用全极化微波辐射计观测亮温进行海面风场反演仅在晴空条件下进行,本文通过对观测亮温结合台风区域海面风场的分布特征进行分析,验证了全极化微波辐射计具有在台风等恶劣天气条件下进行海面风场观测的能力.基于敏感性分析实验,确定使用6.8 GHz和10.7 GHz等低频通道组合可进行台风区域内海面风场反演.其中,海面风速反演使用基于统计的多元线性回归算法,同时对海面温度、大气水汽含量、云中液态水含量及降水强度等物理量进行反演计算,为海面风向反演做准备.海面风向反演使用物理统计法进行,借鉴散射计风向反演使用的最大似然估计法.通过在全极化辐射传输前向模型中加入降水对大气透过率的影响、设计第三和第四Stokes通道亮温环境影响修正函数,在实现台风区域内海面风向反演的同时减小了反演误差.通过对“云娜”台风境内海面风场进行数值计算,验证了本文反演算法的可行性,并对反演误差的空间分布特征进行了分析.将2004年各台风过程的海面风场反演结果与散射计风场产品进行对比,海面风速和海面风向反演的均方根误差分别为1.64 m·s^-1和18.02°.     

基于随机各向同性背景的粘弹性单斜介质二维三分量正演模拟

将Von Karman型的随机各向同性背景引入粘弹性单斜各向异性波动方程,并应用交错网格技术进行模拟.结果表明在这种非均匀复合介质中波场特性既体现了规律性较强的粘弹性单斜各向异性性质,又体现了介质的随机性特点.具体表现为:胀缩、剪切品质因子造成了振幅的显著衰减;相同方差条件下,尺度越小随机介质干扰强度越大.为进一步研究裂隙型油气藏基本特征提供了有益的参考.     

超高层建筑风致振动的现场实测与数值模拟

通过采用现场实测和数值模拟方法,对某超高层建筑的风致振动特性进行研究。在建筑物顶部布置结构振动监测系统,对常态风和台风作用下的结构振动响应进行测量,分析加速度、位移幅值和结构的自振特性。以实测动力特性为基础,建立超高层建筑的等效气动弹性模型,采用平均风剖面入口,联合ANSYS和CFX对风场与建筑物的流固耦合振动进行数值模拟,得到不同顶部风速下,建筑物不同高度处的位移时程、气动力系数时程及频谱分析、尾流旋涡脱落模式。将数值模拟结果与现有的实测结果进行对比分析,表明该方法模拟流固耦合振动是可行的,并可为实际超高层建筑的抗风设计和舒适性计算提供技术依据。     

Effects of high modes on the wind-induced response of super high-rise buildings

For super high-rise buildings,the vibration period of the basic mode is several seconds,and it is very close to the period of the fluctuating wind.The damping of super high-rise buildings is low,so super high-rise buildings are very sensitive to fluctuating wind.The wind load is one of the key loads in the design of super high-rise buildings.It is known that only the basic mode is needed in the wind-response analysis of tall buildings.However,for super high-rise buildings,especially for the acceleration response,because of the frequency amplification of the high modes,the high modes and the mode coupling may need to be considered.Three typical super high-rise projects with the SMPSS in wind tunnel tests and the random vibration theory method were used to analyze the effect of high modes on the wind-induced response.The conclusions can be drawn as follows.First,for the displacement response,the basic mode is dominant,and the high modes can be neglected.Second,for the acceleration response,the high modes and the mode coupling should be considered.Lastly,the strain energy of modes can only give the vibration energy distribution of the high-rise building,and it cannot describe the local wind-induced vibration of high-rise buildings,especially for the top acceleration response.     

EFFECT OF FLOW CONDITIONS ON 3D MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICLES

1 INTRODUCTION The mechanism of particle movement in the flow is one of basic problems of sediment transport research. The conventional measurement approaches usually disturb the structure of the flow, consequently inducing errors. With the development of…     

A spectral-velocity-based combination-type earthquake intensity measure for super high-rise buildings

A spectral-velocity-based combination-type ground motion intensity measure (IM), which is inspired by the superior sensitivity of spectral velocity to structural response compared with other two spectral quantities, is proposed for super high-rise building structures with the consideration of the characteristics of ground motions and structures themselves. Two super high-rise buildings with typical frame/core-tube/outrigger lateral resisting system and a wide range of structural height (H = 258 m~660 m) are deliberately selected to identify the correlation between the maximum inter-story drift ratio and nineteen IMs developed in recent decade together with the proposed IM, with sixty chosen far-field and near-field pulse-like ground motions. With the suggested optimal number of lower vibration modes and corresponding combination factors, the efficiency, sufficiency and the scaling robustness of the proposed IM is further demonstrated. In addition, the relative sufficiency measures of other IMs with respect to the proposed IM are investigated. The results from the study indicate that, the proposed IM is believed, from the standpoint of efficiency, sufficiency, relative sufficiency measure and scaling robustness, to be a more specialized and desirable tool for super high-rise buildings, either for far-field or near-field ground motions.     

地震和风耦合作用下上海中心大厦结构易损性研究

随着城市人口的增加,越来越多的超高层建筑在中国各大城市涌现,在其全寿命周期内不可避免的会遭受风甚至地震等多灾害的作用。以上海中心大厦为分析模型,根据其场地条件,采用Benowitez在2015年提出的1种基于随机波的模型方法模拟不同高度处具有空间相关性的脉动风荷载时程。通过对Perform 3D有限元软件建立的上海中心大厦模型进行非线性动力时程分析,研究地震和风耦合作用下对于结构性能的影响,并基于多灾害需求生成结构在地震和风耦合作用下的易损性曲面来研究结构的抗振可靠度。结果表明:结构的响应和易损性随着风速和PGA的增大而显著增大;随着风速的增大结构的响应和易损性均有增大的趋势,但随着地震动的增大,风荷载对结构响应和易损性影响逐步减小。     

土-结构相互作用效应对结构基底地震动影响的试验研究

利用土与结构动力相互作用振动台模型试验数据,通过各种试验工况下土层表面与基础表面加速度反应的比较,深入探讨了土与结构动力相互作用效应对高层建筑结构基底地震动的影响。从输入地震动频谱特性、输入地震动强度水平和上部结构动力特性3个方面详细分析了与SSI效应对高层建筑基底震动影响程度有关的一些因素。结果表明：SSI效应对高层建筑基底地震动的影响与输入地震波的动力特性有很大关系。在地震动的频谱成分方面,SSI效应对高层建筑基底地震动的影响主要体现为土层表面和基础表面在与输入地震动卓越频率相近处的频谱成分有较大差异;SSI效应对高层建筑基底地震动的影响程度随着输入加速度峰值水平的增加而减小;在某一特定地震波作用下,当上部结构的振动频率与地震地面运动的卓越频率相近时,SSI效应对高层建筑基底地震动的影响较为强烈。     

Evaluation of wind effects on a supertall building based on full‐scale measurements

This paper describes the results obtained from the full‐scale measurements of wind effects on a 70‐storey building in Hong Kong. The building which has a height of approximately 370 m is the second tallest structure in Hong Kong. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction and wind‐induced acceleration responses have been measured since 1995 including the close passage of two typhoons; typhoon Sally and typhoon Kent. Detailed analysis of the field data is conducted. The full‐scale measurements are compared with the wind tunnel results obtained in the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory at Western Ontario University. The amplitude‐dependent characteristics of damping and natural frequency that were obtained by using the random decrement technique are investigated. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An analysis of heat-, momentum-transports,and spectra for clear air turbulence in mid-stratosphere

Summary An analysis of the clear air turbulence in the mid-stratosphere indicates that the turbulence is characterized by an anisotropic field of turbulence with an intense lateral component of the turbulence, associated with strong thermally stable stratification. The Richardson number in the region of turbulence is generally smaller than , the Taylor's criterion for a stratified shear flow.The cospectra for the momentum transport by the streamwise, lateral, and vertical components of the velocity show similarity in their distribution, decreasing with increasing wavenumber. The cospectra for the heat transport by the streamwise, lateral, and vertical components of the velocity show similarity in the high and medium wavenumber ranges, but not in the low wavenumber range of the spectra.The power spectra of the temperature and wind speed are very similar, and are approximately proportional to the power of the wavenumber. The power spectra of the streamwise and lateral components of the velocity are approximately proportional to the –2 power of the wavenumber, whereas the spectrum of the vertical component of the velocity is approximately proportional to the –1 power of the wavenumber.sponsored by the National Science Foundation.     

Modeling the effect of saltation on surface layer turbulence

Particle–turbulence interaction has been a research focus in the field of pneumatic transport, especially in aeolian environments. However, knowledge regarding the effect of saltating particles on the turbulence characteristics is very limited. In this article, a process of sand-laden flow from forming sand streamers to stability is investigated via a coupled mathematical model of wind-blown sand that includes the spatiotemporal development. The variations in the turbulence characteristics, such as the mean velocity and turbulence intensity in clean air or sand-laden flow field, are analyzed. The results show that the splash process of sand grains near the wall decrease the wind speed in the saltation layer and destroy the low-speed streaks. Moreover, the profiles of streamwise turbulence intensity exhibit a transition from ‘decreasing’ to ‘increasing’ and approximately intersect at an ‘intensity focus’, which is presented for the first time. Furthermore, it was found that saltating particles could enhance the Reynolds stress. Meanwhile, it was also noticed that the shear stress at the wall surface is greater than the impact threshold and that there is a tendency towards the impact threshold. Therefore, saltation makes the particle Reynolds number of sand-laden flow higher than that under non-saltation conditions, thus changing the particles’ effect on the turbulence intensity. Gravity-dominated saltation is probably the most essential difference between wind-blown sand and other traditional two-phase flows. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.