陕西八卦庙金矿脆－韧性剪切带控矿特征及成矿构造动力学机制

八卦庙金矿是秦岭造山带唯一的超大型金矿床,曾被认为是微细浸染型(卡林型)金矿。但最新研究表明该矿床金为粗粒可见金,矿床空间定位和矿体展布受二里河—长沟—八卦庙—空棺沟脆-韧性剪切带控制,矿区内岩石剪切变形特征明显。在脆韧性剪切过程中形成了NW向顺层无根揉皱状含金石英脉,石英脉Ar-Ar坪年龄为(232.58±1.59)Ma,等时线年龄为(222.14±3.45)Ma,是印支期脆-韧性剪切-动力变质分异的产物。这种NW向石英脉含金1×10-6～4×10-6。在燕山早期,剪切带抬升进入浅层叠加了脆性变形,在热液作用下形成了NE向石英脉。NE向石英脉是重要的富矿石,含金4×10-6以上。石英强烈的脆-韧性变形特点记录了两期变形,从早到晚石英位错和差应力具从大到小的演化趋势。韧性剪切和后期脆性变形每一期构造-热液脉动式活动都是从早到晚△σ值降低,在两次脉动式活动的交替时期出现的构造亚稳定期成矿,应力周期形成的“应力泵”或“地震泵”作用是金矿成矿的力学机制。     

陕西凤县八卦庙金矿脆韧性剪切带控矿特征及成矿模式探讨

陕西凤县八卦庙金矿床是西秦岭已探明的超大型金矿床,矿床位于苏家沟-空棺沟复式向斜北翼之八卦庙次级倒转向斜北翼,主要赋矿岩性为星红铺组下段铁白云石粉砂质千枚夹条带状大理岩化灰岩。金矿体受北西向F13大断裂下盘的韧性剪带控制,形成石英脉型、构造蚀变岩型和蚀变糜棱岩型3种金矿化类型,而以构造蚀变岩型金矿化为主。韧性剪带剪切带从地表浅部向深部依次分为脆性区、脆-韧过渡区和韧性区,分别与石英脉型、构造蚀变岩型和蚀变糜棱岩型金矿化相对应。印支期,随着造山运动、地壳隆升,剪切带中深层次的韧性剪切变形的糜棱岩被抬升,依次与其上的脆-韧性及脆性剪切叠加,从而构成不同类型的金矿化叠加富集,形成金的贫矿体。印支—燕山期,随着岩浆作用活跃并开始沿北东向F22断裂上侵,驱使深部及两侧围岩中金离子活化,分别向F22断裂西侧的F21和东侧F23断裂迁移、聚集,对韧性剪切带形成的贫矿体叠加改造富集,最终就位构成金矿体。     

陕西凤县八卦庙特大型金矿的成因研究

陕西凤县八卦庙金矿是一个近期探明的特大型金矿，通过对八卦庙金矿全面深入地研究，发现它是一种多成因复成矿床，早期为剪茂成矿，中期为岩浆热液蚀变成矿，晚期在浅部为风化煤滤富集成矿，剪切作用形成金矿是主体。     

陕西八卦庙金矿成矿地质条件及矿床成因

八卦庙金矿床是产于秦岭泥盆系地层中的超大型金矿床,受区域NW向脆－韧性剪切带与NE向断裂的交汇部位及其次生的剪节理密集带控制,赋矿地层为具浊流沉积和热水沉积特征的上泥盆统星红铺组底部铁白云质粉砂质千枚岩,矿体产状与围岩近于一致。金矿化与热液蚀变有由南向北、由浅入深逐渐增强的趋势,另由铁的硫化物、容矿岩石,非金属矿物铁白云石和石英同位素特征表明,成矿物质来自过壳深部,与围岩同沉积形成矿源层,后经成矿流体的多次改造成矿,为－沉积－热液改造型金矿。     

辽宁丹东五龙金矿矿化类型及其构造控制机理

位于辽宁丹东地区的五龙金矿受ＮＥ向剪切系统控制．在剪切带发展演化过程中，于不同阶段形成不同类型的金矿化。在早期韧性剪切带上升剥蚀阶段出现的ＮＥ向脆－韧性线状剪切带，控制同剪切带型金矿；叠加在韧性剪切带之上的ＮＮＥ向一级断裂控制破碎带蚀变岩型金矿的形成和分布；沿ＳＮ向和ＮＷ向的二级断裂构造控制含金石英脉型金矿。     

黑龙江老柞山金矿田南东段矿床成因

老柞山金矿田由几个与侵入岩有关的热液型金矿床组成，矿体多为脉状，多赋存在古元古界兴东群大马河组夕卡岩层内，主要为夕卡岩型浸染状金矿石，次为角砾岩型浸染状。分早晚2期成矿：早期为元古宙混合岩化热液，基本特点为富As亏S，高温，形成混合岩化热液型金矿体；晚期为燕山期再生岩浆热液叠加在早期矿体之上，使早期矿体变富。NE向断裂控制金矿床，NW及NWW向断裂及韧性剪切带控制金矿体。矿床成因为后期热液叠加的混合岩化交代夕卡岩型金矿床。     

甘肃西部昌马地区金矿成矿条件及找矿标志

通过对区内金矿特征及地质背景的分析，认为鹰嘴山、寒山、车路沟一带的金矿分别为受脆韧性剪切带改造的蚀变岩型金矿、受脆韧性剪切带控制的蚀变岩型金矿和受断裂破碎带控制的金矿，它们分别形成于加里东晚期、华力西中期和华力西晚期--印支期．指出：发育于寒武纪火山岩和加里东期基性超基性岩中的韧性剪切带，是寻找受脆韧性剪切带改造的蚀变岩型金矿的有利地段：寒山一带的脆韧性剪切带被近EW向断裂叠加的部位，是受脆韧性剪切带控制的蚀变岩型金矿成生的有利地段；发育于车路沟花岗闪长岩体外接触带的NNW向断裂，是寻找受断裂破碎带控制的金矿的有利地段．     

甘肃康县土地堂金矿地质特征及控矿因素分析

土地堂金矿位于碧口金、铜、钴成矿区,金矿体主要赋存于蓟县纪阳坝岩组中,区域上金矿床的分布受早期NEE向韧性剪切带控制,金矿体的展布严格受叠加在韧性剪切带之上的NEE向脆—脆韧性断裂构造控制,且与印支期花岗闪长斑岩脉空间关系密切,特定的岩性组合和断裂构造双重控制着金矿体的空间分布和形态。通过分析研究金矿床与韧性剪切带发展演化之间的关系,初步认为土地堂金矿不具有典型韧性剪切带型金矿的特征,其成因类型应为中低温热液构造蚀变岩型金矿。     

陕西凤太地区丝毛岭金矿地质特征及找矿远景

丝毛岭金矿床产于凤太矿集区的银母寺-八方山-八卦庙热水沉积盆地中,含矿围岩为泥盆系星红铺组斑点状铁白云质粉砂质千枚岩夹条带状大理岩化灰岩组成的细碎屑岩,矿床明显受区域NWW向脆-韧性剪切带控制,矿体定位于NWW向剪切带与NE向断裂带的交会部位;围岩蚀变主为黄铁绢英岩化蚀变组合,毒砂为重要的载金矿物.金矿床属热水沉积-再...     

华南云开地区金银铜铅锌矿成矿地质标志

对区内5个成矿带进行研究,提出云开隆起脆性剪切带列控制着金矿化分布的态势;印支期重熔花岗岩和燕山晚期花岗岩迭加的脆性或脆韧性剪切带是金矿床集中部位;金矿成矿斑岩体的定性判别标志,新发现加里东晚期斑岩型矿床;岩浆热液矿床沿构造岩浆岩`带隆起与坳陷交接部位、坳陷里的构造凸起边缘或隆起里的册陷周缓和NNE－NE与NW－NWW走向的壳层逆掩断裂交织的菱形块上升部位或各自的相对上升盘分布,岩浆侵入体出现在构造复合部位,特别是NE向深断裂和EW向、NW向构造复合部位;含矿层位为前这牙纪－二叠纪地层;查明燕山运动期间三次铜、铅、锌（银）区域成岩成矿岩浆活动。     

陕西略阳铧厂沟金矿床地质与矿床类型

铧厂沟金矿床位于勉略缝合带中泥盆系三河口群郭镇岩组中。含矿与容矿岩系为泥盆系三河口群郭镇岩组中的细碧岩和结晶灰岩。主控矿构造为寨子湾韧-脆性剪切构造带。围岩蚀变包括退化蚀变和矿化蚀变。在矿区内产出南北两条矿化带，矿石类型为蚀变细碧岩型、黄铁绢英片岩型和石英脉型。主要的金属矿物为黄铁矿和黄铜矿，金矿物是自然金。韧脆性剪切构造叠加和岩石强烈变形、彻底退化蚀变以及后期含矿热液交代与充填是主要的成矿作用，属于火山-沉积岩系中的类卡林型金矿床。     

锦屏-天柱地区韧性剪切带与金成矿作用关系综述

本文通过分析贵州东南部的锦屏、天柱地区的地质构造特征和金矿床的特征,探讨该区剪切带与金矿化的关系,尤其是中深部韧性剪切构造对金矿化的影响。认为研究区主山冲、磨山等蚀变岩型金矿为韧性剪切带间接控矿,金矿床的成矿作用主要为剪切期后热液蚀变成矿作用,直接的控矿构造是在韧性剪切带之上的脆性断裂。     

Gold mineralisation throughout about 45 Ma of Archaean orogenesis: protracted flux of gold in the Golden Mile, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia

The Golden Mile deposit was discovered in 1893 and represents today the largest Archaean orogenic lode gold system in the world (50 M oz produced gold). The Golden Mile deposit comprises three major styles of gold mineralisation: Fimiston, Oroya and Charlotte styles. Fimiston-style lodes formed at 250 to 350 °C and 100 to 200 MPa and are controlled by brittle–ductile fault zones, their subsidiary fault zone and vein networks including breccias and open-cavity-infill textures and hydrothermally altered wall rock. Fimiston lodes were formed late D₁, prior to D₂ regional upright folding. Hydrothermal alteration haloes comprise a progression toward the lode of diminishing chlorite, an increase in sericite and in Fe content of carbonates. Lodes contain siderite, pyrite, native gold, 17 different telluride minerals (Au–Ag tellurides contain ~25% of total gold), tourmaline, haematite, sericite and V-rich muscovite. Oroya-style lodes formed at similar P–T conditions as the Fimiston lodes and are controlled by brittle–ductile shear zones, associated dilational jogs that are particularly well developed at the contact between Paringa Basalt and black shale interflow sedimentary rocks and altered wall rock. The orebodies are characterised by micro-breccias and zones of intense shear zone foliation, very high gold grades (up to 100,000 g/t Au) and the common association of tellurides and vanadian mica (green leader). Oroya lodes crosscut Fimiston lodes and are interpreted to have formed slightly later than Fimiston lodes as part of one evolving hydrothermal system spanning D₁ and D₂ deformation (ca. 2,675–2,660 Ma). Charlotte-style lodes, exemplified by the Mt Charlotte deposit, are controlled by a sheeted vein (stockwork) complex of north-dipping quartz veins and hydrothermally altered wall rock. The Mt Charlotte orebody formed at 120 to 440 °C and 150 to 250 MPa during movement along closely spaced D₄ (2,625 Ma) and reactivated D₂ faults with the quartz granophyre in the Golden Mile Dolerite exerting a strong lithological control on gold mineralisation. Veins consist of quartz–carbonate–minor scheelite, and wall-rock alteration comprises chlorite destruction and growth of ferroan carbonate–sericite–pyrite–native gold. Pyrite–pyrrhotite is zoned on the scale of vein haloes and of the entire mine, giving a vertical temperature gradient of 50–100 °C over 1,000 vertical metres. The structural–hydrothermal model proposed consists of four major stages: (1) D₁ thrusting and formation of Fimiston-style lodes, (2) D₂ reverse faulting and formation of Oroya-style lodes, (3) D₃ faulting and dissecting of Fimiston- and Oroya-style lodes, and (4) D₄ faulting and formation of Mt Charlotte-style sheeted quartz vein system. The giant accumulation of gold in the Golden Mile deposit was formed due to protracted gold mineralisation throughout episodes of an Archaean orogeny that spanned about 45 Ma. Fluid conduits formed early in the tectonic history and persisted throughout orogenesis with the plumbing system showing a rare high degree of focussing, efficiency and duration. In addition to the long-lasting fluid plumbing system, the wide variety of transient structural and geochemical traps, multiple fluid sources and precipitation mechanism contributed towards the richest golden mile in the world.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann     

党河南山地区乌力沟金矿床地质特征

乌力沟金矿位于甘肃省肃北县盐池湾乡。大地构造属中南祁连山弧盆系之党河南山—拉脊山弧间裂谷;秦祁昆成矿域南祁连加里东期Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Gr-石棉带党河南山加里东期Au-Cu-Pb成矿带。矿床赋存于乌力沟二长花岗岩侵入体的内、外接触带中,矿床严格受NWW向断裂带构造控制,矿化带长2 000m,矿体在矿化带中具有分段赋存特征,矿床中成矿元素具中、低温元素富集特征。该矿床是党河南山地区继贾公台、黑刺沟后,又一新的找矿突破,初步分析属中低温热液作用下形成的蚀变岩型金矿床,对该矿床地质特征的讨论,有助于推动该区金矿勘查工作。     

挤出构造对凤县八卦庙金矿床的控制

八卦庙金矿床的控矿构造为脆-韧性剪切带,其变形从早至晚经历了变形分解阶段、构造挤出阶段与倾竖褶皱阶段。在变形分解阶段,剪切带内形成线性强变形带与透镜状弱变形域,并在强变形带中发育一系列"顺层"石英脉,且递进剪切为一系列A型褶曲;在构造挤出阶段,剪切带产状由缓变陡,构造体制逐渐由非共轴剪切转变为近共轴挤压,形成挤出构造控制的构造蚀变岩型成矿构造;在倾竖褶皱阶段,剪切带叠加了顺层非共轴右行剪切,形成八卦庙倾竖褶皱,并在挤出构造体中形成一组NE向剪裂控制的构造脉型成矿构造。挤出构造主要包括:剪切带边部呈叠瓦状分布的内倾弧形逆冲断层系;剪切带内条带状构造大理岩与构造千枚岩间的滑动构造;构造千枚岩带中发育一系列呈倒水滴状、平面上呈不对称"鱼状"的挤出构造体;挤出构造体中含炭泥砾-角砾岩脉。蚀变岩型金矿体发育于挤出构造体中,其空间排布规律及挤出构造结构完全受控于构造挤出时的动力学机制。单个蚀变岩型金矿体向西侧伏,侧伏角约65°;而南、中、北矿带则整体向东侧伏,侧伏角约25°。     

大营子蚀变岩型金矿床地质特征及控矿因素的研究

大营子蚀变岩型金矿主档是冀北地区新发现的一种金矿类型。矿体赋存于太古代角闪角变质岩系，特别是变质闪长岩体周边及内侧，受ＮＥ、ＮＮＥ向剪切破碎带控制，常在其傍侧断裂形成羽状矿脉。     

新疆双峰山浅成低温热液金矿床特征与成矿机制

双峰山矿床位于新疆东天山北部西伯利亚板块陆缘晚古生代岛弧南部边缘，靠近克拉麦里板块缝合带．该矿区早石炭世浅海相玄武一安山质熔浆喷溢转为陆相流纹质熔浆喷发初期，火山热泉沿NW-NWW向线形管道(F2)形成以低Au品位硅质岩为中心的蚀变矿物晕(带)；火山间隙性隐爆，潜火山热液于硅质岩裂隙间发育微细石英(冰长石)网脉，构成矿体．这两个成矿阶段同源同位的蚀变矿物晕(带)套叠，显示双峰山矿床蚀变分带与成矿模式，从上至下为隐爆硅质角砾岩化带、低Au品位硅质岩化带、石英(冰长石)网脉带(矿体)、黄铁矿蒙脱石化带和青磐岩化带．铅、硫同位素和稀土元素等研究表明，该矿床成矿流体与晚古生代岛弧早石炭世流纹质熔浆的陆相喷发相联系：火山热泉循环形成蚀变晕阶段加入大气降水，潜火山热液成矿阶段发育的低温微细石英网脉含冰长石和绢云母，它是一处晚古生代火山地区冰长石-绢云母型浅成低温热液金矿床。     

Geochronology of Gold Deposits and Its Implication for Metallogenesis in the Fengxian-Lixian Area, Qinling Orogenic Belt, China

Abstract: A series of super large‐scale and large‐scale Pb and Zn, and Au deposits are distributed in the Qinling orogenic belt, China. Gold deposits were generally ascribed to Carlin‐type originated from circular meteoric water. Visible and coarse‐grained gold (up to over 3mm in grain size) was recently identified in some gold deposits in the Fengxian‐Lixian area, Qinling. Au‐bearing quartz lodes related to magmatism were discovered in the Xiaogouli gold deposit. Two types of Au‐bearing quartz veins, i.e., NW‐trending quartz veins and NE‐trending quartz veins cutting strata are widely present in the Baguamiao gold deposit. Both are spatially associated with each other. The former is generally snake–like, S‐shape or zigzag, which was resulted from plastic deformation by ductile shearing, being generally cut by the latter. The latter is generally linear with widely developed bleaching alteration zones in its adjacent wall rocks, which symbolizes the superimposition of brittle deformation and filling and metasomatism of magmatic hydrothermal solution in ductile shear zones after uplifting of the shear zones near the surface. The NW‐trending quartz veins contain Au of lower than 3ppm. The NE‐trending quartz veins contain Au of more than 3 ppm, so that NE‐trending quartz veins and the adjoining altered rocks are important ores. The NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 210.61.26 to 232.581.59 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., late Indosinian epoch (Triassic). The NE‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 131.910.89 to 197.451.13 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., Yanshanian epoch (Jurassic). The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age of the NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz veins represents the age of the ductile shear formation. The isotope data of the NE‐trending quartz veins indicate that gold mineralization was closely related to Indosinian and Yanshanian granite intrusives not only in time and space, but also in origin.