以产权制度改革为突破口进一步推动建筑业健康持续发展

据安徽省统计公报，2003年全省全社会完成建筑业增加值335亿元，比上年增长23．4％，占全省GDP的8．4%，比上年增长1．1个百分点等级及以上建筑业企业实现利税总额28亿元。施工工程4．9万个，房屋建筑施工面积7417万平方米，比上年增长16．9%房屋竣工面积4087万平方米，比上年增长6．24％。新办质量监督手续工程9739项，累计达15406项，     

不断深化建设管理体制改革稳步推进深圳建筑业健康发展

深圳市至2004年10月共有建筑业企业879家，其中总承包企业141家，专业承包企业720家，劳务企业18家，从业人数约40万人。2001-2003年，全市固定资产投资总额为2367亿元，建筑业直接完成的建筑安装工程总额为1997亿元，占全社会固定资产投资总额的84．4％。2003年，全市国内生产总值(GDP)2860亿元，     

四川省建筑业改革和发展的情况

目前，我省建筑业企业有5881家，从业人数230多万人。全省建筑业年产值约1320亿元。但我省是建筑业大省，不是建筑业强省。究其原因，长期以来，国有建筑企业比例大，这些国有建筑企业，包袱重，积累少，管理体制落后，短期内建立现代企业制度难度大。企业改制的水平、范围、数量，与其它省市差距甚大。我省国有施工企业457家，完成改制的仅有181家，占企业总数的39％。     

加快改革步伐促进新疆建筑业持续健康发展

改革开放以来，我区建筑业得到了较快发展，建筑业整体水平有所提高，生产能力得到增强。2003年，我区建筑业完成总产值354．5亿元，同比增长15．4％；完成建筑业增加值77．1亿元，同比增长5％，占自治区GDP的4．1％；房屋建筑施工面积3071万平方米，同比增长107．4％。建筑业在拉动经济增长的同时，带动了相关产业发展，形成了较长产业链，     

湖南建筑业的改革与发展

近几年，我省建筑业发展势头强劲，产业素质整体提高，为推动全省经济增长、转移农村富余劳动力、提高城镇化水平、带动相关产业发展作出了重要贡献，已逐步成为湖南经济的支柱产业。1998-2003年，全省建筑业实现增加值从176．6亿元发展到338．4亿元，年均增长12．1％，高于同期湖南省GDP增长速度3．2个百分点，占GDP比重从5．7％提高到7．3％，     

青海省建筑业的改革与发展

随着西部大开发战略的实施，我省全社会固定资产投资力度不断加大，建筑业蓬勃发展。2000年到2003年我省国内生产总值、全社会固定资产投资额、建筑业增加值分别平均以13．96％，22．57％和23．82％的速度增长，建筑业增加值占我省国内生产总值的比重由2000年的12．69％增加到2003年的16．28％。建筑业的发展，     

徐波:积极创建国际性工程公司和工程咨询公司大力发展建设项目总承包和项目管理

当前，我国工程建设领域面临着非常好的机遇。据统计，2004年全社会固定资产投资70073亿元，其中50%以上要经过建筑业这个环节才能投产，形成新的生产能力或交付使用价值。2004年全国13326家勘察设计单位共完成勘察设计合同额1044．29亿元，工程咨询合同额40．78亿元，工程总承包合同额400．90亿元，上交税金178．3l亿元，境外收入25．22亿元，完成境外合同额23．68亿元。建筑业实现增加值9572亿元，达到历史新高，按可比价计算，比上午增长8．1％。     

加快天津建筑业改革与发展营造更加开放和竞争有序的市场环境

经过近几年的努力，天津建筑业整体水平取得了长足进步，已经成为天津经济发展的支柱产业。2003全市实现建筑业总产值510亿元，同比2002年增长25％；实现建筑业增加值120亿元，同比增长24％，占全国市场生产总值比重5．1％，第一次超过房地产贡献率。预计2004年实现建筑业总产值640亿元，建筑业增加值150亿元，为我市国民经济持续高速增长做出了积极的贡献。归纳我市加快建筑业改革与发展主要做法有五方面：     

关于印发1998年勘察设计单位统计年报汇总情况的通报

各省、自治区、直辖市建委(建设厅),总后营房部,国务院各有关部门: 1998年全国勘察设计单位统计年报汇总工作于1999年5月下旬结束。根据汇总情况,截至1998年底,全国共有勘察设计机构12418个。其中,国务院各部门所属单位1972个,各省、自治区、直辖市所属单位有10446个,国有经济单位占单位总数的84％,股份制经济单位由原来所占比重的1.8％,上升到2.6％。勘察设计行业从业人员76.86万人,1998年完成初步设计投资额11460亿元,完成施工图设计项目投资额15256亿元;完成初步设计建筑面积31189万平方米,完成施工图建筑面积65765万平方米,较好地完成了各项勘察设计任务,保持了行业的稳步发展,并取得了良好的经济效益。1998年全国勘察设计单位全年营业收入总计313.87亿元,全年利润总额18.91亿元,上交所得税4.32亿元,上述指标均以10％以上的幅度增长。     

山东省机井建设现状,问题及对策

建国以来,我省机井建设取得了巨大成绩。截止1996年底,机电井总数达89．8万眼,其中配套机电井78．7万眼,总机720万KW,井灌面积达到3360万亩,占全省有效灌溉面积的48％。机井工程对我省的工农业生产做出巨大贡献。1996年,共向农业灌溉供水721亿m’,占全省水利工程供水量     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Metals,arsenic, and sulfur in the Aue and Eibenstock granites,Erzgebirge

Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and other metals, as well as S and As, were calculated for the Aue granitic cupola, the contact aureole of which hosts the large vein-type uranium deposit of Schlema-Alberoda and the Schneeberg uranium-base metal deposit (Erzgebirge, Germany). The cupola was exposed by mine workings and boreholes, which provided an opportunity to evaluate variations in the abundances of metals in the granites over a vertical interval of more than 2.5 km and estimate their losses in the upper oxidized part of the investigated volume of the cupola (coefficient of iron oxidation, KO _Fe, increases in the granites from bottom to top from 7 to 70%) compared with the lower unaltered and unoxidized part (with a KO _Fe plateau at about 5%). The average concentrations of metals in the upper part of the cupola are lower than those in the lower part by a factor of 2.5 for Pb, 1.56 for Zn, 1.45 for Cu, 1.3 for Co, etc. A similar decrease in the abundances of ore elements along the vertical section associating with the relative epigenetic alteration and oxidation of the granite was previously described by us for U and Th and for the components of high-temperature ores, W, Sn, and Mo. The removal of ore elements from the granite was accompanied by a decrease in the bulk contents of sulfur and arsenic by a factor of 1.35 and 1.65, respectively. The leaching of trace metals from the granites of the upper part of the Aue cupola was followed by their partial redeposition above the cupola in the ore veins of the Schlema and Schneeberg deposits. Original Russian Text ? Vikt. L. Barsukov, N.T. Sokolova, O.M. Ivanitskii, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp. 967–982.     

Total mercury and monomethylmercury in water, sediments, and hydrophytes from the rivers, estuary, and bay along the Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China

Mercury contamination in aquatic environments is of worldwide concern because of its high biomagnification factor in food chains and long-range transport. The rivers, estuary and the bay along the northwestern Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China have been heavily contaminated by Hg due to long-term Zn smelting and chlor-alkali production. This work investigated the distributions of total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in the water, sediment and hydrophytes from this area. Concentrations of THg in sediment (0.5–64 mg kg⁻¹) and water (39–2700 ng L⁻¹) were elevated by 1–3 orders of magnitude compared to background concentrations, which induced high concentrations of MMHg in these media. The highest concentration of MMHg in sediment reached 35 μg kg⁻¹, which was comparable to that in the Hg mining area, Wanshan, China, and the highest MMHg concentration of 3.0 ng L⁻¹ in the water sample exceeded the MMHg Chinese drinking water guideline of 1.0 ng L⁻¹. Concentrations of THg in a sediment profile from Jinzhou Bay were found to be consistent with annual Hg emission flux from a local Zn smelter (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), indicating that Hg contamination was mainly caused by Zn smelting locally. For some freshwater hydrophytes, concentrations of THg and MMHg ranged from 5.2 to 100 μg kg⁻¹ and 0.15 to 12 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Compared to sediment, concentrations of THg in hydrophytes were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower but MMHg was comparable or higher, indicating that the bioaccumulation in plants was distinct for the two Hg species studied. The data suggest that a significant load of Hg has been released into the northwestern coastal region of the Bohai Sea.     

Distribution of REE,LILE, and HFSE between biotite,feldspar, and the melt in the granulite facies migmatite,nimnyr block,Aldan shield

The behavior of trace elements under conditions of partial melting of granitoid rocks has been studied. The element’s partition coefficients between minerals and the melt D_i^min/melt depends, in the first place, on the composition of the primary melt. In biotite the HREE D_i are a little below 1, while those of LREE, especially D_i for Ce, are 1–3 orders of magnitude less. This leads to an efficient differentiation of REEs in anatexic melts especially when biotite is the main mineral phase of restite. On the contrary, there are feldspars, the D_i of which cannot provide such a magnitude of differentiation. Unlike garnets and pyroxenes, whose stability in restite permits enrichment of anatexic melts produced in migmatization zones with Nb, Ti, and Cr, the presence of biotite in restite causes depletion of melts with those elements as well as with Rb. Feldspars, under conditions of their fractional crystallization or during differentiation of an anatexic melt, deplete the latter with Sr, Ba, and Rb, but enrich it with Nb, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, and V.     

Dielectric constants of apatite,epidote, vesuvianite,and zoisite,and the oxide additivity rule

The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ _a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ _c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ _a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ _c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ _a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ _b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ _a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ _b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ _c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ ₁₁= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ ₂₂=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ ₃₃= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ _a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ _a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ _c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α _D (mineral)=∑ α _D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (V_o) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of V_o in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect.     

Desertification,famine, and the 1988 rainfall —

The 1988 good rainy season in the Sudan raised the hopes that desertification/land degradation and shortage of food so markedly observed in Western Sudan have been elevated. This was particularly so as large quantities of grains were produced in the mechanized rain-fed agricultural schemes in the clay plains of Eastern Sudan. But the field work carried by the author in the Umm Ruwaba district of Kordofan region in July/August 1989 shows that, although there has been some improvement in the crop production situation, desertification/land degradation and shortage of food produced locally are still prevailing in the district. The people are still living below the poverty line, but they are able to cope because of remittances from members of the families working abroad and because of donations of food by some world organizations.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Columbus,the discovery of America,and Russia

The discovery of a new continent that was later called America by Christopher Columbus some five hundred years ago, has in one way or another, influenced people the World over. The extraordinary significance of this event for mankind is displayed by the dimension of the consequences and the variety of reactions among nations and communities of the “Old World”.