深井煤矿硐室底臌控制对策与监测分析

针对淮南矿区顾北煤矿-648 m水平绞车房硐室底板突出严重,容易发生拉剪破坏的特点,首先采用FLAC3D对绞车房硐室支护前的围岩变形和应力分布特征进行了模拟分析：变截面处和底角应力集中明显,在高应力作用下底角剪切滑移和底板折断隆起是造成底臌的根本原因。基于分步联合支护理论,对绞车房硐室底板支护方案进行了优化,并对绞车房硐室表面与深部位移、锚索受力和基础内部应力进行了全方位监测,结果表明：原支护方案下巷道底板变形较大,巷道底角发生剪切滑移诱使巷道断面圆形化,注浆花管和底角地梁可以较好地抵抗底角处的剪切滑移;巷道底板变形量受地应力方位影响较大,采用新的底板联合支护方式不仅可以很好地满足绞车房硐室对底板变形的要求,还能加强两帮稳定性,同时保证了绞车房基础稳定。     

预应力锚索在滑坡治理中的应用

预应力锚索技术是治理滑坡等地质灾害的有效方法之一,针对发电厂房硐室进出口上方有滑坡倾向的危岩体,正确选择了预应力锚索为加固治理方法,对危岩体进行加固,全面阐述了预应力锚索工程准备、钻孔、编索、下索、注浆、养护、张拉、封锚等工艺过程,并对潜孔锤在预应力锚索钻孔中应用工艺、技术进行了详细介绍,对类似的地质灾害治理工程有借鉴意义。     

江坪河水电站进水口顺层岩体边坡支护结构受力特性及稳定性研究

江坪河水电站进水口边坡断层、层间错动以及泥化夹层等软弱结构分布众多,构成了顺坡向的潜在滑动组合体。为确保边坡的安全稳定性,采用了预应力锚索和大截面抗滑桩对边坡进行加固处理。边坡施工过程中,部分预应力锚索轴力监测值出现超过设计吨位的现象。为分析边坡锚索和抗滑桩支护系统的可靠性,采用三维数值分析方法对锚索和抗滑桩等支护结构的受力性态进行了系统研究。三维数值分析结果表明顺层岩体结构边坡中支护结构部件空间受力特性存在较大的差异性:局部预应力锚索轴力长期超限失效可能引起支护系统其它构件内力增加,危及边坡稳定性;抗滑桩的内力分布与岩体层间错动和泥化夹层的空间展布密切相关。受岩体结构面影响,抗滑桩内力分布类似于连续梁受力分布特点。支护结构的空间受力特点表明支护系统设计时应该考虑边坡及支护结构的整体空间效应影响,以保证支护结构自身的安全性。     

地下洞室预应力锚索锚固机制及受力特性分析

采用隐式锚索单元模拟地下洞室预应力锚索,探讨了索体对岩体单元的等效附加刚度贡献。针对预应力锚索的受力过程,分别分析了预拉力和围岩变形作用下锚索锚固段的受力机制。基于两种作用下锚固段内力的叠加,提出了一种考虑锚固界面剪切滑移的预应力锚索受力分析方法。结合三维非线性有限元,给出了预应力锚索受力的一般求解步骤,然后将此锚索算法应用于乌东德水电站左岸地下厂房洞室群分期开挖。结果表明,锚索支护能够有效加固岩体,限制破坏区的发展;锚固段轴力和剪应力均在始端达到最大,沿深度方向逐渐衰减。计算得到的锚固力变化过程与实测值基本吻合,验证了该算法的合理性。     

对穿预应力锚索在煤矿井下地质病害治理中的应用

胡家河矿井副井马头门因处于软岩地层中,在副井井筒安装中发生了较大的变形破坏,经分析论证对比,确定采用注浆锚索加固,通过对穿预应力锚索与短锚杆相结合,以锚索为主的加固方法进行施工,使软岩破坏变形趋于稳定,治理效果良好。     

基于格栅拱架的软岩巷道分步联合控制技术研究

针对煤矿深井软岩巷道大变形灾害频发难题,以淮南矿区潘三矿软岩大变形巷道为工程背景,在系统分析围岩失稳破坏大变形原因的基础上,提出了深部软弱破碎巷道基于格栅拱架的分步联合支护技术,包括：格栅支架+一次锚杆锚索、初喷、浅孔注浆、预应力锚杆、复喷150 mm厚混凝土、深孔注浆和帮顶预应力锚索。进一步,分析了格栅拱架支护控制原理,并采用FLAC^3D确定了基于格栅拱架的分步联合技术的最优支护参数。现场对比分析表明,格栅拱架支护围岩初期变形速率及最终收敛变形量均大于型钢支护,但加设二次支护之后格栅拱架位移能较快收敛,此外,格栅支护在经济和效率方面优于钢拱架支护。最后,通过现场监测,格栅拱架分步联合技术各工序的最优施工周期为：预应力锚杆、锚索合理的支护时间是注浆后10 d内,而深孔注浆之后预应力锚杆2周内较优。实践表明,基于格栅拱架的分步联合控制技术深井是软岩巷道围岩控制的一条有效途径。     

黄陵矿业公司运煤专线沉陷治理方案设计

针对黄陵矿业公司铁路运煤专用线K6 680～K6 800里程处路基沉陷特征,提出了采用预应力锚索框架梁加固路基垂直支挡结构和花管注浆法提高路基抵抗变形能力的治理方案。本论文对垂直支挡结构受力情况进行分析,对治理方案设计进行介绍。     

地震作用下预应力锚索加固顺层岩坡极限分析

针对地震作用下预应力锚索加固顺层岩坡典型模型,提出了一种地震作用下预应力锚索加固顺层岩坡的极限分析改进方法,该方法考虑了边坡极限状态时锚索的受力变化。基于岩体刚性假设并考虑滑移过程锚索受力变化,结合极限平衡法推导出边坡加固预应力锚索的受力变化公式;地震作用仅考虑地震波传播至滑动面时产生的透射波对边坡稳定性的影响,从功率的角度出发,结合极限分析上限法与强度折减法,考虑预应力锚索受力变化,推导出地震作用下预应力锚索加固顺层岩坡的动安全系数计算理论公式;结合算例,采用考虑与不考虑滑移过程锚索受力变化两种计算方法,分析了在不同入射波波幅、入射角度及滑动面黏聚力、内摩擦角条件下两种方法计算结果的差异。算例结果表明：考虑与不考虑滑移过程锚索受力变化计算方法,计算得出的动安全系数变化规律一致,但考虑滑移过程锚索受力变化的改进计算方法得出的动安全系数动态变化幅度明显更小,反映了锚索的抗震作用效果,可为地震作用下该类型岩坡的预应力锚索加固设计分析提供参考。     

地下硐室锚注围岩的变形分析

地下硐室工程加固后围岩存在着继续位移。通过对工程实例的现场实测和大量测定结果进行统计分析,初步掌握了地下硐室工程破碎围岩加固后的岩体位移存在着方向变异性、破坏周期性和速度差异性。变形过程可分为急剧变形、调整变形和缓慢变形3个阶段。在一定的地压条件下,岩性和构造弱面决定着岩体位移的方向、速度和破坏周期。围岩加固后的位移在调整变形阶段可能改变位移方向,注浆加固岩层比未加固岩层的累计位移量小、但每次破裂的位移量大,破坏周期要短。及时锚注,滞后补注,分步加固是充分利用围岩自稳性,加强破碎围岩长期强度的最佳动态支护技术。     

深部高应力软岩巷道耦合支护效应研究及应用

巷道要经历开挖前稳定、开挖扰动、支护稳定或再破坏的演化过程,巷道稳定状态受原岩应力场-开挖扰动应力场-支护应力场相互作用的影响。采用FLAC~(3D)分析了不同预紧力与间排距条件下锚杆、锚索产生的围岩支护应力场的分布特征,定义了围岩应力扩大系数k来表征围岩应力的扩散效果,揭示了锚杆、锚索预紧力耦合支护效应。针对朱集西矿深部巷道特征与地质条件,提出了锚网索喷+U型钢支架+注浆+底板锚注分步联合支护技术方案,开展了三维相似材料模型试验,验证了该支护技术方案的合理性与可行性,揭示了深部高应力软岩巷道围岩变形破坏与支护结构受力演化规律,并成功应用于工程实践,解决了深部高应力软岩巷道支护难题。监测结果表明,该联合支护方案有效地控制了深部高应力软岩巷道围岩大变形与底臌,保证了巷道围岩与支护结构的长期稳定及安全。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)