定向控制光面爆破技术在井下探矿巷道中的应用

在井下巷道中采用定向控制爆破技术，对爆破参数、掘进工艺进行调整，取得了较好效果，提高了装岩效率和巷道一次成巷率，降低了掘进成本。     

煤矿下山巷道爆破掘进技术试验研究

为解决煤矿下山巷道爆破掘进中普遍存在的循环进尺小、炮眼利用率低、爆后矸石堆积迎头、留底严重等问题,基于“裂槽、抛碴”思想,有机结合直眼和斜眼掏槽的各自优点,设计了含抛碴眼的楔形掏槽方式这一新型掏槽结构。在华恒矿-1 000水平副暗斜井,通过改变掏槽眼的布置位置和起爆顺序、设置抛碴辅助眼等措施,结合弧形和直线形组成的混合型辅助眼布置方式,制定出3种下山巷道爆破掘进技术方案并进行现场试验。通过掘进进尺、残眼深度、巷道成型、抛碴距离、矸石块度、矸石高度等指标,评价设计方案,最终优选出一种综合指标最好的爆破方案。该矿采用此技术,月进尺提高了40%以上,验证了该技术在下山巷道爆破掘进中的有效性。     

隧道掘进爆破地震峰值神经网络预报研究

结合某抽水蓄能电站尾水隧道掘进爆破地面振动监测结果,建立了基于BP神经网络隧道掘进爆破振动速度峰值的预报模型。并对铁路运输安全进行预报,与现场实际较好地吻合。将神经网络模型预报的结果与传统方法(经验公式法)预报的结果相比,前者的预报结果有明显的改善。对于指导隧道掘进爆破设计,优化爆破参数,确保安全具有重要的意义。     

煤系高岭土岩石巷道掘进爆破技术优化

煤系高岭土矿岩是尚待大量开发的重要非金属矿产。高岭土坚固性较低(f=3～4)、脆性较强，在其内进行巷道掘进爆破，除要保证有较高的掘进进尺、良好的周边成型外，还应尽可能地增大炮眼布置参数，同时，还应严格控制装药量，延长段问顺序起爆延迟时间，以提高爆破碎块的大块率。通过采用合理的掏槽方式、周边光面爆破参数和水垫层不耦合装药结构，并在无沼气危害的情况下，采用秒延期电雷管，取得了良好的爆破效果。综合分析实测结果表明：爆破进尺高、速度快、周边成型好、碎块抛掷作用小、高岭土矿岩大块率高。     

小断面锥形浅眼爆破的经验

坚硬岩层的爆破在巷道掘进中,是一个重要问题。为提高爆破效率,保证巷道工程质量,加快掘进速度,我们在单机多掌（2—     

锚杆快速支护施工工艺

通过改进施工机具，优化施工工艺，实现巷道掘进后的快速支护，取得了良好的经济效益和安全效果。     

石笕岭隧道掘进爆破方案设计

分析了石笕岭隧道短台阶掘进爆破施工中存在的问题，在使用自制简易凿岩平台可实现全断面掘进钻眼条件下，提出了全断面掘进爆破方案。采用工程类比法设计，并通过场试验确定了合理适用的光面爆破参数。探讨了在隧道掘进中，利用非电毫秒差雷管孔外微差接力传爆，扩大起爆雷管使用段数的方法。     

煤矿深井巷道掘进全过程围岩变形破坏原位测试

传统研究对于煤系地层巷道围岩的变形破坏监测均在掘进面后方进行,无法获得巷道掘进全过程的围岩变形,更缺乏对煤矿深井巷道掘进全过程中围岩变形破坏规律的认识。为此,针对济宁三号煤矿深井巷道,通过超前布置监测断面,首次获得了煤矿深井巷道掘进全过程的围岩变形破坏规律;利用考虑体积应力的改进横观各向同性应变软化模型对巷道开挖全过程的围岩变形破坏特征进行分析。研究结果表明：在济宁三号煤矿七采区巷道地质条件下,浅部围岩的累计变形量和变形速率均大于深部围岩;巷道掘进全过程中,围岩变形随掘进面的推进经历了缓慢增长、迅速增长和变形稳定3个阶段;变形稳定后围岩松动圈深度约为1.0 m;巷道两帮围岩位移与破坏深度均在控制范围内,顶底板围岩破坏相对严重,并给出了相应解决方案。研究成果可为揭示煤矿深井巷道掘进围岩的变形破坏规律以及合理确定支护方案和参数提供重要的科学依据。     

掘进巷道煤体瓦斯特征与震波频率特性研究

通过多次在突出煤层掘进巷道迎头进行震波探测试验,并使用频谱分析和时频分析技术得到各巷道的单道震波信号的频率参数,对比分析各条巷道对应的瓦斯检验参数,建立起煤体瓦斯绝对涌出量与震波频率参数的关系：震波能量主要集中在两个独立的频率域内,高频区和低频区分别对应了震波的主频和次主频;随着煤体瓦斯含量的增大,震波的主频和次主频相应降低,且次主频对瓦斯含量的变化更为灵敏。利用震波频率参数预测掘进巷道迎头附近瓦斯含量,可为瓦斯突出危险性预测提供一种新的参数。     

在坚硬岩石中掘进,提高爆破率的体会

一九八○年我队在新田岭矿区施工巷道（平巷），用直眼掏槽爆破法取得了一些经验，炮眼利用率由60～70％逐步提高到90％以上，工程质量也比较好，巷道的掘进方向、掘进坡度和断面规格均符合设计要求和坑探工程施工的质量标准规定。现就怎样提高爆破效率的问题，谈谈我队的作法和体会。     

小间距隧道爆破动力特性试验研究

分岔隧道是一种新型隧道结构形式。以漆树槽分岔隧道为工程背景,进行了掘进爆破的围岩震动效应试验,通过不同掏槽结构下爆破震动作用隧道围岩衬砌质点振动速度的频谱分析与质点振动速度幅值的分布情况分析,对小间距公路隧道混凝土衬砌及其围岩在爆破地震波作用下的力学特征进行论述,重点研究了小间距隧道中隔墙及爆破掌子面的震动特性及变化规律。试验与分析结果表明,（1）中墙迎爆侧为振速峰值区,以水平径向振速最大,且沿着中墙走向呈现规律性变化;（2）掏槽孔爆破产生的地震效应最为强烈,其震动强度是扩槽眼和周边眼的2倍左右;（3）衬砌振速主振频率主要分布在低频段,以20～95 Hz为集中频段,高频地震波衰减极快;（4）同一测试断面中最大振速峰值出现在拱顶和边墙中部位置的概率最大,且大小比较接近,爆破掌子面附近的振速不适合萨道夫斯基预测公式,受爆破夹制及自由面的影响较大。     

立井冻土掘进爆破技术的研究与应用

崩落爆破通常承担整个立井冻土掘进爆破40 %～60 %的破土量。宽孔距崩落爆破能够增加自由面的有效利用、增强自由面应力波的反射拉伸作用和消除或减小冻土中的应力降低区。在理论分析的基础上进行冻土爆破漏斗模型试验,综合考虑爆破漏斗体积和爆破后两炮眼间最大凸量,初步认为炮眼密集系数 =1.5左右时较为合理。结合立井崩落炮眼成圈弧形布置和冻土所受夹制作用相对较大的特点,建议应在此基础上适当降低立井冻土崩落爆破炮眼密集系数,这在进一步的工程实践中得到了验证。     

黑火药控制爆破在花岗岩石材开采中的应用

介绍了黑火药控制爆破法在河南省商城县花岗岩开采中的试验与应用，给出了工作面开采要素和合理的爆破参数。     

The Detection of the Boulders in Metro Tunneling in Granite Strata Using a Shield Tunneling Method and a New Method of Coping with Boulders

While tunneling metros in granite strata using a shield tunneling, cutter heads of shield machines frequently get stuck and are damaged by boulders. Currently, effective methods for solving this problem have not been found in the world. By studying the Shenzhen Metro Line 7 in China, this research proposed a new method for predicting and coping with boulders in metro tunneling using a shield tunneling by combining microtremor survey, supplementary precise geological prospecting and surface drilling blasting. Moreover, with the elaboration of the principle and implementing steps, this method was applied in the specific engineering example. To begin with, the characteristics of H/V curve shapes of boulders exposed in the excavated sections using the shield tunneling were obtained. On this basis, we interpreted and judged the distribution forms of boulders in the unexcavated sections ahead. Afterwards, supplementary precise geological prospecting was performed to the boulders in the predicted positions according to the interpretations so as to verify and revise the interpretations. After ascertaining the distribution location and size of boulders ahead shielding sections, surface drilling blasting or punching was carried out to blast boulders. Engineering application results showed that this method has favorable effects and can provide a scientific and reasonable guidance for the development of theories of microtremor survey and the detection of boulders.     

Prediction of ground vibration due to quarry blasting based on gene expression programming: a new model for peak particle velocity prediction

Blasting is a widely used technique for rock fragmentation in opencast mines and tunneling projects. Ground vibration is one of the most environmental effects produced by blasting operation. Therefore, the proper prediction of blast-induced ground vibrations is essential to identify safety area of blasting. This paper presents a predictive model based on gene expression programming (GEP) for estimating ground vibration produced by blasting operations conducted in a granite quarry, Malaysia. To achieve this aim, a total number of 102 blasting operations were investigated and relevant blasting parameters were measured. Furthermore, the most influential parameters on ground vibration, i.e., burden-to-spacing ratio, hole depth, stemming, powder factor, maximum charge per delay, and the distance from the blast face were considered and utilized to construct the GEP model. In order to show the capability of GEP model in estimating ground vibration, nonlinear multiple regression (NLMR) technique was also performed using the same datasets. The results demonstrated that the proposed model is able to predict blast-induced ground vibration more accurately than other developed technique. Coefficient of determination values of 0.914 and 0.874 for training and testing datasets of GEP model, respectively show superiority of this model in predicting ground vibration, while these values were obtained as 0.829 and 0.790 for NLMR model.     

盾构近距离下穿对已建地铁隧道的位移影响及施工控制

通过对盾构近距离下穿杭州地铁1号线已建隧道施工过程进行监测,针对盾构近距离、小角度下穿对已建隧道位移的影响过程和特点,研究了盾构机与已建地铁隧道相对位置关系不同时,已建隧道的隆沉、水平位移及收敛位移变化规律。对盾构参数进行实时记录,通过反馈的已建隧道位移监测进一步优化盾构施工参数,合理盾构参数的设置可以有效控制既有隧道变形在允许范围内。已建隧道变形规律显示,盾构隧道在距离已建隧道20 m以外工况下,对上部已建隧道影响很小;盾构整个过程中已建隧道穿越交叉点竖向和水平位移变化过程大致经历5个阶段。     

A Risk-Based Technique to Analyze Flyrock Results Through Rock Engineering System

Flyrock is an adverse effect produced by blasting in open-pit mines and tunneling projects. So, it seems that the precise estimations and risk level assessment of flyrock are essential in minimizing environmental effects induced by blasting. The first aim of this research is to model the risk level associated with flyrock through rock engineering systems (RES) methodology. In this regard, 62 blasting were investigated in Ulu Tiram quarry, Malaysia, and the most effective parameters of flyrock were measured. Using the most influential parameters on flyrock, the overall risk of flyrock was obtained as 32.95 which is considered as low to medium degree of vulnerability. Moreover, the second aim of this research is to estimate flyrock based on RES and multiple linear regression (MLR). To evaluate performance prediction of the models, some statistical criteria such as coefficient of determination (R²) were computed. Comparing the values predicted by the models demonstrated that the RES has more suitable performance than MLR for predicting the flyrock and it could be introduced as a powerful technique in this field.     

台阶压碴爆破效果遗传神经网络预测

应用遗传神经网络模型对台阶压碴爆破效果进行了预测,增强了预测结果的可靠性。遗传神经网络是人脑的模型,从爆破实例中获取经验知识,并应用专家知识对爆破效果进行预测,取得了符合实际的预测结果,从而,为选择爆破控制参数和取得良好的爆破效果提供了依据。     

压力管槽控制爆破施工技术

介绍了在电站压力管槽开挖中采用定向爆破的的一些经验和体会，一些具体措施可用于隧道施工。