藏北高原新生代火山岩地球化学系列划分及成因分析

根据K—Ar法和Ar-Ar法定年数据，藏北新生代火山岩从早到晚可划分为多格错仁和走构油茶错高钾钙碱性系列(40—30Ma)、巴毛穷宗和鱼鳞山白榴石碧玄岩—响岩系列(29—24Ma)以及黑石北湖钾玄岩系列(1．5Ma)。从岩石化学和同位素方面对区内新生代火山岩进行了研究，认为藏北新生代火山岩同时具有板内碱性玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩的双重地球化学特征。在成因和源区上各系列存在着差异，高钾钙碱性系列为富集地幔玄武岩底侵作用导致地壳物质部分熔融的产物，并经历了地壳的AF过程。而白榴石碧玄岩—响岩系列和钾玄岩系列来自与古俯冲有关的“古老富集地幔”，为岩浆分离结晶作用的产物。岩浆起源深度随时间变新逐渐变大。     

羌塘赤布张错地区新生代火山岩研究

根据K-Ar同位素年代学研究成果，将赤布张错新生代火山活动划分为3期：第Ⅰ期(40．1～35．1Ma)火山喷发较弱，形成小范围分布的细粒安粗岩和斑状粗面岩；第Ⅱ期(26．5～17．6Ma)火山喷溢最为强烈，形成大面积厚层黑色气孔状安粗岩；第Ⅲ期(5．5～4．61Ma)由潜火山作用形成球粒状、斑状粗面岩岩丘。新生代火山岩系包括高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列，高钾钙碱性火山岩形成于始新世，属于壳源岩浆系列；钾玄岩系火山岩形成于中新世一上新世，属于幔源岩浆系列。由老到新，岩石系列由高钾钙碱性系列一钾玄岩系列演化，岩性由安粗岩一粗面岩演化。     

大别山南北缘中—新元古代火山岩系列、类型、组合及意义

大别深变质基底杂岩外缘中—新元古代双峰式火山岩系,均以钙碱性系列为主,少量的拉斑玄武岩系列和碱性玄武岩系列,但南缘出现少量的钾玄岩系列。南、北缘火山岩系的主要岩石组合种属也基本相同。南缘火山岩稍复杂一点,除玄武岩类、玄武安山岩、流纹岩外,还有少量英安岩,以及很少量钾玄岩系列的夏威夷岩和橄榄粗安岩,这是本区新发现的火山岩类型。     

长江源区新生代火山岩的系列及成因

长江源区的新生代火山岩系包括高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列.高钾钙碱性火山岩形成于始新世, 钾玄岩系列火山岩形成于中、上新世.总体而言, 该区火山岩富碱高钾, 富集大离子亲石元素, 稀土元素含量高且轻稀土相对富集.相对而言, 高钾钙碱性火山岩富集SiO₂、Al₂O₃, 无负Eu异常, 属于壳源岩浆系列, 其原始岩浆由加厚陆壳的榴辉岩质下地壳经部分熔融产生.钾玄岩系列火山岩富集K₂ O、TiO₂、P₂ O₅、MgO、FeO, ∑REE、HFSE、I_Sr值均较高, 弱负Eu异常, 属于幔源岩浆系列, 其原始岩浆由EMⅡ型富集地幔的部分熔融生成.2个系列的火山岩均是大陆碰撞造山后期岩浆作用的产物.始新世以来, 随着该区由碰撞、挤压作用发展到出现走滑, 应力环境由挤压转变为张性, 导致依次喷发高钾钙碱性火山岩和钾玄岩系列火山岩.      

藏北新生代火山作用的时空演化与高原隆升

本文通过对藏北新生代火山岩的岩石化学和同位素年龄资料的综合分析,系统确定了火山岩的岩石系列组合及其生成时序。根据岩石系列的时空演化规律将藏北新生代火山活动划分为3个构造—岩浆亚旋回,火山活动自南向北依次形成羌塘(44～24 Ma)、中昆仑—可可西里(19～7 Ma)、西昆仑—玉门(约5 Ma以来)3条火山岩亚带。各岩带分别以高钾钙碱性或钾玄岩系列构成火山活动的主体, 以碱性钾质火山活动而结束。构造—火山旋回与高原脉动隆升具有明显的耦合性,旋回间歇期与高原夷平期相对应。笔者认为这一火山作用规律是高原每次脉动隆升过程中,构造性质由挤压、增厚,向伸展滑移转化的结果,火山作用旋回受岩石圈水平挤压、增厚和深部地幔热物质沿构造薄弱带挤压上升两种作用的相互消长所制约。     

北京四海地区髫髻山组—后城组火山岩岩石化学特征

根据TAS图解，北京北部四海地区髫髻山组—后城组火山岩属于粗安岩 (粗面岩 流纹岩)组合。该套火山岩既不属于钾玄岩系列，也不是典型的碱性橄榄玄武岩系列，在总体上为高钾钙碱性系列、富钾质拉斑系列和过渡型高钾钙碱性系列三种岩石组合的混合。该套火山岩轻稀土元素明显富集。粗安岩类岩石没有负销异常或负铕异常不明显，而流纹岩和粗面岩类岩石存在负铕异常。四海地区髫髻山组—后城组火山岩形成于燕山运动早期或中期阶段的造山变形事件趋于结束时的构造环境中。     

青藏高原新生代火山岩矿物化学及其岩石学意义：以玉门,可可西里及芒康岩区

本文系统地讨论了青藏高原玉门,可中西门里及芒康岩区新生代火山岩中橄榄石、辉石,长石以及石榴子石巨晶和透长石巨晶的矿物化学特征,并利用矿物学资料探讨了火山岩形成的温度及压力条件,指出青藏高原新生代火山岩主体乃是一套陆内造山带钾玄岩系列火山岩。     

青海可可西里地区新生代火山岩研究

可可西里新生代火山岩主要出露在昆南断裂以南和东经９２°３０′以西的区域内，基本沿近东西走向的大型逆冲－走滑断裂带分布，可分为渐新世、中新世两期。渐新世熔岩的斑晶矿物组合为拉长石－透辉石－顽火辉石，中新世熔岩的为中长石－次透辉石（包括少量透辉石、普通辉石）－古铜辉石。总体而言这些火山岩富碱高钾（Ｋ２Ｏ＞３％，Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ＞１），普遍富集大离子亲石元素，稀土元素含量很高并且轻重稀土比值很大。渐新世火山岩为高钾钙碱性系列，中新世岩石属于钾玄岩系。前者的微量元素和稀土元素的含量以及轻重稀土比均低于后者。所有岩石均具有较高的Ｓｒ同位素（＞０．７０７）和相对较低的Ｎｄ同位素（＜０．５１２４）组成，表现出源区曾受到年轻地壳的影响。高钾钙碱性岩系和钾玄岩系的岩石是大陆碰撞造山后期岩浆作用的产物。始新世以来，随着该区由碰撞、挤压作用发展到出现走滑，应力环境由挤压转变为张性，导致依次喷发高钾钙碱性岩系熔岩和钾玄岩系熔岩，在岩浆演化过程中这两个岩系则沿相同的趋势发展     

北京市凤舵梁—四海地区东岭台组火山岩岩石化学特征

根据TAS图解，北京市北部凤舵梁－四海地区东岭台组火山岩属于流纹岩－粗面岩－粗安岩组合。该套火山岩既不属于钾玄岩系列，也不是典型的高钾钙碱性系列或碱性橄榄玄武岩系列，在总体上应属于钾质碱性纱列和富钾质拉五系列相混合的过渡岩石组合。该套火山岩轻稀土明显富集。粗安岩类岩石没有负铕异常负铕异常不明显，而流纺岩和粗面岩存在明显的负铕异常。凤舵梁－四海地区东岭台组酸性火山岩形成于造山晚期或后造山期初始阶段。     

北京市凤鸵梁-四海地区东岭台组火山岩岩石化学特征

根据 TAS图解 ,北京市北部凤鸵梁 -四海地区东岭台组火山岩属于流纹岩 -粗面岩 -粗安岩组合。该套火山岩既不属于钾玄岩系列 ,也不是典型的高钾钙碱性系列或碱性橄榄玄武岩系列 ,在总体上应属于钾质碱性系列和富钾质拉斑系列相混合的过渡岩石组合。该套火山岩轻稀土元素明显富集。粗安岩类岩石没有负铕异常或负铕异常不明显 ,而流纹岩和粗面岩存在明显的负铕异常。凤鸵梁 -四海地区东岭台组酸性火山岩形成于造山晚期或后造山期初始阶段。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)