Application of constrained sparse spike inversion in reservoir predication: a case study of Oriente Basin in South America

In the conditions of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of seismic data and a small quality of log information,the consequences of seismic interpretation through the impedance inversion of seismic data could be more precise. Constrained sparse spike inversion(CSSI) has advantage in oil and gas reservoir predication because it does not rely on the original model. By analyzing the specific algorithm of CSSI,the accuracy of inversion is controlled. Oriente Basin in South America has the low amplitude in geological structure and complex lithologic trap. The well predication is obtained by the application of CSSI.     

重力数据约束的二维地震层析成像在台湾海峡南部的应用

地震-重力联合反演可以降低多解性，针对大勘探范围内岩石波速-密度关系存在较大散布的问题，引入交叉梯度结构约束构建统一的目标函数是一种有效的解决方案。利用台湾海峡南部HX-13测线进行验证：由于火成岩侵入体的存在，部分区域难以拾取可靠的地震初至，常规的走时反演无法准确恢复基底面的形态。搜集研究区的船测重力资料，根据地震地质条件和数据特点设置合适的反演参数，实现基于物性和结构双重约束的重力-地震联合反演。由对反演结果的分析和解释可以看出，该方法可在很大程度上弥补地震数据不完备的缺陷，使反演过程稳定，并提高模型的可靠性。     

Full waveform inversion based on initial model built from envelope inversion

Full waveform inversion is a fitting process based on full seismic wave field simulation data using the full waveform information in seismic records and theoretically it is the ultimate goal of seismic inversion.Howev-er, there are many problems to be solved in practical application.Firstly, it is the strong nonlinear problem be-tween the seismic wave field and inversion parameters;secondly, the lack of low-frequency information in seis-mic records.In this study, the envelope is used as objective function inversion to provide the inversion result for the multi-scale full waveform inversion as the initial model, solving the lack of low-frequency information in seismic records.Taking the envelope of seismic records as the objective function in combination of multi-scale full waveform inversion became a new inversion strategy, which naturally achieved the compensation of shortage of low-frequency information and inversion from low frequency to high frequency, reducing the non-linearity in the inversion process.The comparison of the result of full waveform inversion of the initial model built through envelope inversion with the result of the conventional multi-scale full waveform inversion indicates the effective-ness of envelope inversion for the recovery of low-frequency information in seismic records.     

地质模式约束的SVR属性融合在浅水三角洲储层描述中的应用: 以西湖凹陷X气田为例

X气田位于东海盆地西湖凹陷中央反转构造带,主要目的层H4层为浅水三角洲沉积环境,气田地震资料主频较低（25 Hz）,而H4层埋深较大（3 300~3 400 m）,储层低孔低渗,常规地震反演预测砂体厚度吻合度较低。针对X气田三维地震资料全覆盖及钻井较少的特点,通过地质模式指导下的正反演结合设置虚拟井来弥补SVR（Support Vector Regression）算法中样本点的不足,通过提取地震属性并优选表征砂体厚度的敏感属性,利用SVR算法进行多属性融合,完成了H4层砂体的定量预测。基于储层预测成果,提出H4层为浅水三角洲曲流型分流河道沉积,并进一步完成了砂体沉积模式解剖,成功指导了开发调整井部署,实钻砂体厚度与预测砂体厚度吻合度高达84%以上。探索得到了海上少井条件下地质模式约束的SVR算法储层定量预测方案,对X气田中深层分流河道储层完成了精准预测,亦对同类型油气田的储层描述具有一定指导意义。      

Joint inversion of magnetotelluric and fullwaveform seismic data based on alternating cross-gradient structural constraints

Magnetotelluric(MT)inversion and seismic inversion are important methods for the interpretation of subsurface exploration data,but separate inversion of MT and seismic produces ambiguous and non-unique results due to various factors.In order to achieve accurate results,the authors propose a joint inversion method of two-dimensional MT and seismic data in the frequency domain.The finite element method is used for numerical simulation of electromagnetic data in the forward modelling,and the Gauss-Newton method is used for the inversion.The 9-point-finite-difference method is used to solve the seismic wave field in the acoustic wave equation,and the inverse problem of seismic data is solved by full waveform inversion with a conjugate gradient,a simple and fast method.Cross gradient functions are used to provide constraint structure between resistivity and velocity parameters to carry out the joint inversion.The joint inversion algorithm is tested by double-rectangular model synthesis data,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified.The results show that the joint inversion results are better than those from separate inversion.The algorithm is applied to a geophysical model of a metalliferous deposit in Jinchuan and is compared with the separate inversion results.It shows that the results obtained with joint inversion are much closer to the real model.     

Seismic inversion modeling method for faulted basins:a case study of Liaohe Beach in Bijialing region

There is not much correlation between sand content and P-wave impedance in faulted basins , and the prediction results cannot be guaranteed .Due to sedimentary facies control , there is inconsistency between sand content and low frequency trend of P-wave impedance , causing problems for seismic inversion modeling , which directly affects final seismic inversion results .The acoustic impedance increases with burial depth .When the same layers of sand and shale formation endure different compaction , the acoustic impedance values will be dif-ferent .Therefore , The seismic inversion modeling of faulted basin is different from that of conventional basins . The authors built an inversion model using uncompact sandstone percentage , directly compensating for the low frequency trend of the inversion model .In addition, the model's intermediate frequency is similar to P-wave im-pedance , ensuring that the inversion results are converged correctly .The final results of the inversion can be used directly as sandstone percentage .The aforementioned method was applied to Liaohe Beach in the Bijialing region and obtained optimistic lithology inversion effects:the results were correlated well with the depositional facies map and with lithology in the well borehole .The inversion results can be used to define the sand body horizontally and can separate sand bodies vertically , which is very difficult on conventional seismic section . Therefore the inversion results played an important role in reservoir prediction .     

高速岩体反射地震探测中的数据采集与处理

为了调查内蒙古阿拉善某高放废物地质处置库预选场址中目标花岗岩体的空间展布、内部结构和边界接触关系,应用人工反射地震探测技术,采集数据并进行处理,获得了针对大型高速岩体的近地表速度剖面和地震反射波法成像剖面。针对崎岖地表工区近地表速度建模与层析静校正、强散射干扰波压制等问题,引进基于MSFM射线追踪算法的初至波旅行时层析反演与层析静校正技术、改进的矢量分解压噪方法等,并在常规高分辨反射地震数据处理流程的基础上形成了适合于高速岩体地震探测的精细数据处理流程。     

井间地震在济南市小冶睦里煤矿采空区勘查中的应用

以济南市章丘区小冶睦里地区石炭二叠纪含煤地层采空区为研究对象,采取资料收集、井间地震、钻探验证等方法手段,分析井间地震层析成像技术对采空区解译推断的有效性。结果表明,井间地震层析成像速度反演结果体现为高速分布的区域,推断为基岩完整区域;速度反演结果体现为低速分布的区域,推断为采煤采空区域。经与钻探工程比对,井间地震层析成像技术推断的采空区位置与钻探揭露深度较为吻合,表明井间地震层析成像技术在济南市章丘区小冶睦里煤矿采空区勘查中具有较高的可行性和实用性,为该地区同类型的采空区勘查提供了参考依据。     

利用SH横波反射资料中的勒夫面波反演浅部横波速度结构

由于勒夫波速度与纵波速度无关,勒夫波多道分析方法具有频散曲线简单、能量清晰、反演过程中未知参数少、对初始模型依赖小、反演结果稳定、分辨率高等特点。实验结果表明,利用浅层SH横波反射地震数据中的勒夫面波信息,反演得到近地表横波速度结构,在浅层地质构造、断层位置、上断点埋深等方面与浅层SH横波反射地震剖面以及地质钻孔数据吻合较好。该方法可为地下构造解释提供更多依据,提高探测成果的可靠性。     

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塔河油田3区石炭系超深薄层碎屑岩储层预测研究

针对塔河油田3区石炭系卡拉沙依组地震数据很难识别薄砂体的问题,对比分析了采用地震资料提频处理、分频处理、储层高分辨率敏感参数反演等不同手段得到的储层预测结果,筛选出高分辨率储层敏感参数反演作为卡拉沙依组砂泥岩段储层主要预测手段.通过探讨砂泥岩对声波时差的响应,以及对比分析自然电位、自然伽马以及补偿中子孔隙度与声波时差的关系,确定自然电位与声波时差的相关性最好,由此选取自然电位作为最佳电性敏感参数参与高分辨率敏感参数反演预测.从井点、剖面、平面等方面检验和评价高分辨率储层预测成果,结果表明其反演预测效果较好,符合塔河油田3区石炭系的储层预测要求,实现了对石炭系主力砂体空间展布的解释与描述,建立了塔河油田3区石炭系卡拉沙依组储层模型.     

矿井系统中水源热泵应用技术探析——以山东省济宁梁宝寺煤矿为例

用水源热泵技术,将矿井回风、矿井水、洗浴废水、冷却水(风)中的低品位废热转变为供热热能。该热泵热回收技术系统可靠、经济效益好,可达到节能减排的目的。该文分析了矿井系统中的废热类型和应用原理,给出了矿井回风、矿井水、洗浴废水、冷却水(风)废热回收量的计算方法,并分析了山东济宁梁宝寺煤矿矿井废热回收供热系统设计实例。认为该技术的应用为矿区提供了生产、生活必备的热源和热水,节约了生产成本,保障了煤矿企业的绿色生产,改善了矿区周围的生活环境。     

波阻抗约束反演技术探测煤厚方法初探

现代化矿井生产技术日新月异,尤其对煤层厚度的探明程度要求越来越高。综合利用地质钻探和测井等资料,与地震资料有机结合而产生的具有高分辨率的新方法,发挥了钻探、测井和地震勘探技术各自的优势,实现了不同技术之间取长补短并提取地震属性参数,通过波阻抗约束反演可获得煤层厚度参数,达到对煤层厚度进行预测的目的。     

用U曲线法确定地震同震滑动分布反演正则化参数

针对地震滑动分布反演中正则化参数选取问题，提出利用U曲线法确定地震滑动分布反演正则化参数。利用U曲线法、L曲线法设计模拟实验，并将两种方法应用到芦山实际震例反演中。模拟实验以及芦山实际震例反演结果表明，利用U曲线法确定正则化参数反演地震滑动分布结果与L曲线法相比具有反演精度高、无需依赖数据拟合精度等优势。     

地震勘探全波形反演的应用与发展分析

本文首先对20世纪80年代发展起来的全波形反演应用及其在勘探地球物理领域的发展进行了分析;其次,面对定量化、精细化的地震勘探要求,提出了将地震勘探全波形反演与其他数据处理环节或处理技术相结合的研究设想,并展望了全波形反演的发展趋势;最后,论述了全波形反演研究中地震波场数值模拟、反演初始速度模型获取、目标函数形式选择、寻优算法启用及各向异性介质中的应用等关键问题,并总结了通过Laplace域的全波形反演获取反演初始速度模型、结合射线追踪并充分发挥并行计算之于波动方程方法来模拟地震波场的巨大优势,及灵活选用反演目标函数形式和寻优算法更新速度模型参数来加快全波形反演方法的实用化进程。     

Study of the Sensitive Properties of Marine Gas Hydrate Based on the Prestack Elastic Inversion

Using a bottom simulating reflector(BSR) on a seismic profile to identify marine gas hydrate is a traditional seismic exploration method. However, owing to the abundance differences between the gas hydrate and free gas in different regions, the BSR may be unremarkable on the seismic profile and invisible in certain cases. With the improvement of exploration precision, difficulty arises in meeting the requirements of distinguishing the abundance differences in the gas hydrate based on BSR. Hence, we studied other sensitive attributes to ascertain the existence of gas hydrate and its abundance variations, eventually improving the success rate of drilling and productivity. In this paper, we analyzed the contradiction between the seismic profile data and drilling sampling data from the Blake Ridge. We extracted different attributes and performed multi-parameter constraint analysis based on the prestack elastic wave impedance inversion. Then, we compared the analysis results with the drilling sampling data. Eventually, we determined five sensitive attributes that can better indicate the existence of gas hydrate and its abundance variations. This method overcomes the limitations of recognizing the gas hydrate methods based on BSR or single inversion attribute. Moreover, the conclusions can notably improve the identification accuracy of marine gas hydrate and provide excellent reference significance for the recognition of marine gas hydrate. Notably, the different geological features of reservoirs feature different sensitivities to the prestacking attributes when using the prestack elastic inversion in different areas.     

连续重力观测资料同震信号的一种分离方法

采用正则化平滑因子方法,对重力台站连续观测资料进行处理和讨论,尝试分离同震信号。结果表明,该方法可以有效地分离并获取同震重力效应和地震波信号,且估算的同震重力效应与理论模拟有较好的一致性,可为快速反演地震参数及地震预警提供更多的约束条件。     

探采对比在地震资料解释中的应用方法及效果

为提高三维地震勘探资料的解释精度和利用率,以梁家煤矿六采区为例,通过探采对比的方法,对六采区原三维地震勘探存在的解释误差原因进行了分析,利用正反演相结合认识有效波,用地震相特征解释断层的切割关系,综合利用周边资料和区域地质规律进行分析,取得了显著的地质效果,为下一步采掘提供了更加准确的地质资料。该文论述了探采对比工作的重要性,说明了地震勘探在同类地区应当注意的问题。     

基于GNSS及地震活动的沂沭断裂带危险性分析

选取2011～2019年山东地区GNSS基准站及地震滑动矢量等数据,应用块体负位错反演模型,反演沂沭断裂带地区的断层闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率。结果表明,沂沭断裂带诸城以南区域断层闭锁程度较低,无滑动亏损累积;安丘-莒县断裂诸城以北区域断层闭锁程度较高,闭锁深度较深,约为26 km,断层滑动亏损速率约为0.6～0.8 mm/a,为右旋挤压亏损,且该地区小震不活跃,地震危险性值得关注。     

A new method to determine the start depth in gravity anomaly inversion

The start depth in gravity anomaly inversion is discussed in this paper, and a new method called “test comparing method” is presented to determine the start depth when both boring data and seismic data are not available. Anticline and syncline density interface models are designed to test the method; the calculated result agreed well with the designed value, which proved that the new method can be used to determine the start depth in the gravity anomaly inversion when boring data and seismic data are not available. Contribution No. 3370 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 49625609 supported by NSFC, and Young Scientist Lab. of Submarine Hydrothermal Activity Research.