应急地理信息集成建模框架技术研究

为了实现快速地分析处理应急测绘地理信息数据,往往需要对不同模型进行集成建模,提出了面向应急测绘的空间集成建模框架,并对其关键技术展开研究。该框架基于案例驱动进行空间集成建模,以服务链形式自动化分析处理应急测绘数据。此外,还提供应急测绘模型耦合校验方法,保证组合方案的可执行性和稳定性。最后以济南市化工厂危化品泄露应急分析原型系统为例,在可计算应急测绘案例库的驱动下,面向应急测绘的空间集成建模框架可以高效地进行应急空间信息服务组合。提出了基于案例驱动的空间信息服务组合方法,实现了组合方案的快速构建。     

异步地理信息网络处理服务方法研究

随着海量分布式地理空间数据的持续增长和地理空间处理服务复杂程度的不断增加,异步地理空间信息服务已经成为当前地理空间信息领域的研究热点。开放地理信息联盟(Open GIS Consortium,OGC)针对地理空间信息服务互操作制定的一系列标准规范大多建立在同步协议之上,适用于较为简单的非实时计算环境,难以满足复杂、动态的异步信息处理需求。本文提出了一种异步网络处理服务实现方法,以网络处理服务(Web processing service,WPS)和网络通知服务(Web notification service,WNS)为核心,扩展了标准的网络处理服务请求,从而支持异步调用。     

地理空间分析及可视化分析研究

地理空间分析是基于地理对象的位置和形态特征的空间数据分析技术，其目的在于提取和传输空间信息，是地理信息系统的重要功能之一。随着3S技术的融合和空间信息处理技术的发展和广泛应用，地理空间分析、空间数据挖掘和知识发现以及地学可视化已经成为空间信息处理的重要手段和关键技术。本主要论述了现有的地理空间分析方法，并讨论了基于地理空间分析的海量空间数据挖掘和地学可视化分析。     

分布式多源处理集成的地学工作流脚本方法

针对地学空间信息基础设施迫切需要能够集成多源地理信息处理软件包与分布式空间信息网络服务的工作流软件,以帮助用户构建复杂的处理流程,实现从数据、信息到知识转换的现状,该文提出了一种分布式多源处理功能集成的地学工作流脚本方法。利用脚本来连接不同地理信息处理软件中的功能,并通过工作流自动生成技术来构建复杂的空间信息处理流程,以实现对数据处理与分析能力的提高。通过扩展地学工作流建模工具——GeoJModelBuilder,在空间信息服务组合的基础上集成地理信息处理软件,实现了多源处理功能集成的原型系统,并以从数字高程模型中提取水文模型为例来证明该方法的可行性。     

基于开放互操作标准的分布式地理空间模型共享研究

传统的单机环境和封闭式网络环境由于有限的资源利用能力, 难以充分支持分散地学数据、模型等资源的共享与应用集成。基于网络环境的信息交换特点, 提出了分布式地理空间模型共享的服务体系。该体系以数据、模型、元数据等互操作要素为核心, 通过网络将数据、模型等网络节点进行开放式耦合。针对地理空间模型服务的互操作问题, 提出了分布式环境下的模型共享服务交互接口, 该接口定义了模型服务元数据、模型服务的交互操作、模型服务的通讯方式等交互规则, 尽可能地降低模型服务与模型终端之间在数据交换、功能调用等方面的互操作困难。为了降低将模型共享为模型服务的实现难度, 设计和开发了地理空间模型共享平台, 并介绍了在该平台上发布地理空间模型的2种方法。最后介绍了研究成果在Prairie生态模型共享方面的应用实践。     

地理空间信息网格中间件功能设计与组件模型

中间件是地理空间信息网格的关键技术之一。研究的目的是为用户提供具有统一编程接口的虚拟机器．支持复杂应用问题的求解和广域网上各类资源的共享。设计地理空间信息网格中间件要具备资源动态监测、屏蔽节点异构、优化资源选择和协同计算等功能。地理空间信息网格中间件的组建模型包括：资源监测组件、计算服务组件．网格安全组件、容错服务组件、信息服务组件和应用调度组件。     

空间分析动态建模技术

业务系统开发过程中,为解决采用传统开发模式的专业空间分析模型与模型算法紧耦合而导致的复杂建模过程和难以有效复用的问题,本文提出一种空间分析动态建模技术,提出功能聚合的过程是空间信息模型实例化的过程:利用形式化语言和工作流建模规范构建业务规则,基于图论构建模型逻辑图的形式化转换规则,完成规则绑定;提出权限资源绑定模型,完成资源绑定。选取深圳市肾综合征出血热地理因素相关性定性分析专业模型验证空间分析动态建模技术的可行性。     

地理空间知识服务概论

随着互联网的广泛应用,地理信息技术已经从地理信息系统向地理信息服务转变。人们不仅希望从网络上获取地理空间数据和信息,同时也希望在网络上获取地理空间知识。地理空间知识网络服务以互联网为平台,将已有的地学常识、规则、模型、过程等各种地学知识在网上进行注册,对各种用户提供共享服务。首先阐述了地理空间信息服务向地理空间知识服务转变的背景,在此基础上介绍了地理空间知识和地理空间知识服务的基本概念,以及地理空间知识服务所需要的技术及其实现的基本步骤。     

面向服务的地理信息公共平台关键技术研究

地理信息公共平台是数字城市地理空间框架建设的重要内容。基于面向服务的体系架构,本文设计和研究了地理信息公共平台应用的总体模型。空间信息目录服务为分布式地理资源共享集成提供索引,数据在线维护更新和网络空间分析服务实现了多源多专题空间数据的分布式互操作机制。实验采用开放松耦合接口跨部门共建应用模式,在数字城市地理空间框架建设中实践验证本文关键技术具有应用价值。     

基于网格的地理空间信息服务关键技术研究

地理信息服务主要解决传统的地理信息系统所访问的地理信息资源共享问题.提出了基于网格的地理信息服务技术体系,建立了基于网格地理信息服务概念框架,以及基于网格地理空间信息服务平台的层次结构.探讨了地理空间数据网络传输保密技术、多源地理空间数据无缝集成技术、地理空间信息多级格网搜索技术、地理空间数据的无损压缩技术和地理空间信息服务规范5个方面的地理信息服务关键技术.     

A Task Ontology Driven Approach for Live Geoprocessing in a Service‐Oriented Environment

In a service‐oriented environment, Web geoprocessing services can provide geoprocessing functions for a variety of applications including Sensor Web. Connecting Sensor Web and geoprocessing services together shows great potentail to support live geoprocessing using real‐time data inputs. This article proposes a task ontology driven approach to live geoprocessing. The task in the ontology contains five aspects: task type, task priority, task constraints, task model, and task process. The use of the task ontology in driving live geoprocessing includes the following steps: (1) Task model generation, which generates a concrete process model to fulfill user demands; (2) Process model instantiation, which transforms the process model into an executable workflow; (3) Workflow execution: the workflow engine executes the workflow to generate value‐added data products using Sensor Web data as inputs. The approach not only helps create semantically correct connections between Sensor Web and Web geoprocessing services, but also provides sharable problem solving knowledge using process models. A prototype system, which leverages Web 2.0, Sensor Web, Semantic Web, and geoprocessing services, is developed to demonstrate the applicability of the approach.     

GeoPW: Laying Blocks for the Geospatial Processing Web

Recent advances in Web‐related technologies have significantly promoted the wide sharing and integrated analysis of distributed geospatial data. Geospatial applications often involve diverse sources of data and complex geoprocessing functions. Existing Web‐based GIS focuses more on access to distributed geospatial data. In scientific problem solving, the ability to carry out geospatial analysis is essential to geoscientific discovery. This article presents the design and implementation of GeoPW, a set of services providing geoprocessing functions over the Web. The concept of the Geospatial Processing Web is discussed to address the geoprocessing demands in the emerging information infrastructure, and the role of GeoPW in establishing the Geospatial Processing Web is identified. The services in GeoPW are implemented by developing middleware that wraps legacy GIS analysis components to provide a large number of geoprocessing utilities over the Web. These services are open and accessible to the public, and they support integrated geoprocessing on the Web.     

基于GIS服务链的遥感影像分布式融合处理

提出了基于Web服务技术、OGC规范和工作流技术,以实现与平台无关的、具备流程编排能力的地理空间处理服务链框架,用于支持复杂的在线空间处理任务.在该框架基础上实现了一个在线遥感影像融合处理示例.该示例展示了利用OGC WCS、WPS,WSDL,UDDI和BPEL4WS等成熟的标准规范来构建GIS服务链,使得客户应用程序...     

Coupling sensor observation services and web processing services for online geoprocessing in water dam monitoring

ABSTRACT

Novel sensor technologies are rapidly emerging. They enable a monitoring and modelling of our environment in a level of detail that was not possible a few years ago. However, while the raw data produced by these sensors are useful to get a first overview, it usually needs to be post-processed and integrated with other data or models in different applications. In this paper, we present an approach for integrating several geoprocessing components in the TaMIS water dam monitoring system developed with the Wupperverband, a regional waterbody authority in Germany. The approach relies upon the OGC Web Processing Service and is tightly coupled with Sensor Observation Service instances running at the Wupperverband. Besides implementing the standardized XML-based interface, lightweight REST APIs have been developed to ease the integration with thin Web clients and other Web-based components. Using this standards-based approach, new processing facilities can be easily integrated and coupled with different observation data sources.     

Geoweb Services for Sharing Modelling Results in Biodiversity Networks

Biodiversity researchers in different institutions deal with predictive models for species distribution. These models are useful for biodiversity conservation policies. Species distribution modelling tools need large datasets from different sources and use many algorithms. To improve biodiversity science, scientists need to share models, data and results, and should be able to reproduce experiments from others. This article presents a geoweb service architecture that supports sharing of modelling results and enables researchers to perform new modelling experiments. We show the feasibility of the proposed architecture by developing a set of prototype services, called Web Biodiversity Collaborative Modelling Services – WBCMS. They provide a set of geospatial web services that support the sharing of species distribution models. The article includes an example of a model instance that explains the WBCMS prototype. We believe that WBCMS shows how to set up a cooperative research network on biodiversity research.     

Semantic typing of linked geoprocessing workflows

In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), geoprocessing workflows allow analysts to organize their methods on spatial data in complex chains. We propose a method for expressing workflows as linked data, and for semi-automatically enriching them with semantics on the level of their operations and datasets. Linked workflows can be easily published on the Web and queried for types of inputs, results, or tools. Thus, GIS analysts can reuse their workflows in a modular way, selecting, adapting, and recommending resources based on compatible semantic types. Our typing approach starts from minimal annotations of workflow operations with classes of GIS tools, and then propagates data types and implicit semantic structures through the workflow using an OWL typing scheme and SPARQL rules by backtracking over GIS operations. The method is implemented in Python and is evaluated on two real-world geoprocessing workflows, generated with Esri's ArcGIS. To illustrate the potential applications of our typing method, we formulate and execute competency questions over these workflows.     

Geoprocessing in Cloud Computing platforms – a comparative analysis

Abstract

The emergence of Cloud Computing technologies brings a new information infrastructure to users. Providing geoprocessing functions in Cloud Computing platforms can bring scalable, on-demand, and cost–effective geoprocessing services to geospatial users. This paper provides a comparative analysis of geoprocessing in Cloud Computing platforms – Microsoft Windows Azure and Google App Engine. The analysis compares differences in the data storage, architecture model, and development environment based on the experience to develop geoprocessing services in the two Cloud Computing platforms; emphasizes the importance of virtualization; recommends applications of hybrid geoprocessing Clouds, and suggests an interoperable solution on geoprocessing Cloud services. The comparison allows one to selectively utilize Cloud Computing platforms or hybrid Cloud pattern, once it is understood that the current development of geoprocessing Cloud services is restricted to specific Cloud Computing platforms with certain kinds of technologies. The performance evaluation is also performed over geoprocessing services deployed in public Cloud platforms. The tested services are developed using geoprocessing algorithms from different vendors, GeoSurf and Java Topology Suite. The evaluation results provide a valuable reference on providing elastic and cost-effective geoprocessing Cloud services.     

Uses of online geoprocessing technology in analyses and case studies: a systematic analysis of literature

Interpreting spatial data to derive information is a core task in the field of Geographic Information Science and Technology. A logical step following the collection of data in online repositories is to provide geoprocessing technology for analysing data online. Online geoprocessing technology can be employed for providing a specified set of tools in a theme-specific platform, documenting a model or workflow and making it widely available, automating recurring tasks or offering simple tools to a large user group. This systematic analysis of literature evaluates how much available online geoprocessing tools are being used for answering questions in specific application contexts. An initial set of articles is derived from a keyword-based search in the database Scopus. This set of articles is manually filtered to identify applications of online geoprocessing tools. The analysis of application-related articles shows that virtually all applications require further development of tools. Experts outside the spatial information science field are still underrepresented regarding the use of this technology. The required adaptation of technology for user tasks is identified as major barrier for the wide use of online geoprocessing. Further research needs to assess user tasks and how online geoprocessing can provide the required functions in a user-oriented manner.     

Requirements for Next Generation Spatial Data Infrastructures-Standardized Web Based Geoprocessing and Web Service Orchestration

Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) have been widely accepted to exchange geospatial data among organizations. Today SDIs main focus lies on the provision of geospatial data in the form of distributed spatial web services, the retrieval through catalogues, and visualization in the form of Web Map Services (WMS). The hypothesis presented in this paper takes SDI's one step further by providing a method to process geodata in an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) compliant way into information. Two case studies present the potential of standardized geoprocessing services. In addition, this paper addresses the problem of service chaining by providing a system architecture to implement complex geoprocessing models and workflows based on web services using Web Service Orchestration (WSO). The proposed methods utilize spatial standards provided by OGC, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and ‘mainstream IT’ standards provided by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) to establish a generic web service architecture for providing common geoprocessing capabilities (e.g. spatial algorithms, map algebra, etc.) for usage in SDIs.