沟谷地形对高填方拱涵涵周土压力影响研究

沟谷地形下高填方涵洞土压力分布规律较为复杂,不同沟谷地形下涵周土压力分布规律与上埋式涵洞差异显著。为探明沟谷地形对高填方拱涵涵周土压力的影响,采用离心模型试验与数值模拟方法,建立了地形-涵洞-填土的相互作用模型,分析了不同沟谷宽度B、沟谷坡度α下的拱涵涵周土压力及涵顶土压集中系数Ks的分布规律,并与最新涵洞设计规范进行了对比,阐述了沟谷地形下高填方拱涵土压力形成机制。研究表明：（1）沟谷宽度B对涵顶土压力集中系数Ks影响显著,沟谷宽度B为4D～6D,D为拱涵的净跨径,涵顶土压力集中系数Ks增幅较大;（2）沟谷宽度B小于4D时,可发挥沟谷地形对涵洞的减载作用;（3）沟谷坡度α在45°～60°时,涵顶土压力及其Ks变化最显著;（4）填土高度为20m,α>70°时,Ks≤1。填土高度为40m,α>50°时,Ks≤1;(5)我国最新涵洞设计规范推荐的Ks与离心模型试验、数值模拟规律存在一定差异,当α=45°时,沟谷宽度B较小时,规范的涵顶土压力集中系数Ks较为保守;（6）沟谷地形下高填方拱涵Ks与拱顶压密区、等压面的形成有关。拱顶压密区可引起拱涵涵顶土压力集中,并引起压密区周边土体...     

地下水中镭的固液分配系数及其测定方法研究

近十多年来天然放射性镭(Ra)同位素在水环境、水资源研究领域越来越受到重视,Ra同位素应用在海底地下水排泄估算、湖泊水均衡计算、地下水年龄研究、地下水地表水污染源解析等方面取得了重要的研究成果,这得益于Ra同位素测试技术的发展和对Ra地球化学性质认识的深化。Ra的固液分配系数(K_d)是影响Ra在土壤和含水层中迁移的关键参数,正确认识K_d是利用Ra同位素精准示踪水文过程特别是地下水循环过程的决定性因素。本研究对前人报道的地下水中Ra的K_d值分布范围进行了综合分析,并探讨K_d值的主要影响因素。发现天然环境下K_d值的变化范围为0.1~1×10⁶ mL·g^-1,最大值和最小值之间相差7个数量级。水的盐度、pH值和沉积物中铁(Fe)的含量等对K_d具有显著影响。总结了Ra的K_d值的确定方法,把不同研究者提出的方法归纳为氡(Rn)平衡法、热动力学吸附平衡计算法、实验法和离子交换法,分析了各种方法的优缺点。 提出建立精准的水溶液中Ra的α离子输入反冲项测定方法,优化分析计算流程,提供准确获得Ra的K_d值的技术思路。本研究成果能够为Ra水文地球化学性质研究及其在水文过程中的应用提供参考和技术支撑。     

模拟人工冻结凿井状态下冻土强度特性研究

通过模拟人工冻结凿井中冻土冻结、受力的实际过程,对已冻结试样进行不同温度、不同初始围压状态下的减载试验研究.结果表明:温度和土层深度是影响深部冻土破坏强度和破坏应变的主要因素,当温度不变时,破坏强度和破坏应变随初始围压呈线性关系变化.破坏强度受温度的影响取决于初始围压,在低初始围压状态下,冻土的破坏强度受温度变化影响不明显,但随着初始围压增大即土层深度加深,破坏强度受温度的影响也逐渐明显.破坏应变随温度的降低而逐渐减小,且呈双曲线形变化,但当温度低于 - 7℃时,在不同初始围压下其破坏应变基本不随温度的变化而变化     

倾斜填土面朗肯土压力的计算及其强度分布规律

根据倾斜填土面时土体中一点的应力状态分析,采用应力圆图解法推导出倾斜填土面粘性土的朗肯主动和被动土压力强度的计算公式,把该公式视为关于填土深度z的线性关系方程和非线性关系方程两部分。通过对该公式的非线性方程部分分析可知,朗肯主动与被动土压力强度分布形态与填土面倾角β和内摩擦角φ两者的大小有关,因此分β > φ、β=φ和β < φ三种情况对朗肯主动与被动土压力强度分布形式进行了讨论,并绘制了土压力强度的分布图形,其分布图形具有非线性特点。其中在β < φ的情况下,主动土压力强度在一定深度z₂以下范围出现无解现象。最后将推导公式应用到某挡土墙实例中,对比分析表明,该理论结果与现场实测结果具有较好的一致性。      

The (Na–Ca)amphibole–albite–chlorite–epidote–quartz geothermobarometer in the system S–A–F–M–C–N–H2O. 1. An empirical calibration

The proposed geothermobarometer is based on an empirical calibration which takes account of two equilibria involving the tremolite, edenite, pargasite and hastingsite components in amphiboles. It has applications to assemblages found in metabasic rocks of widely different chemical compositions (magnesian to Fe-rich metabasalts), and for metamorphism ranging from lower greenschist to highest amphibolite facies. Knowing the Si_(T1), Al^iv, Al^vi, Fe³⁺, Fe²⁺, Mg, Ca, Na_M4, Na_A and A vacancy in an amphibole, and the Al³⁺ and X _Mg in coexisting epidote and chlorite, it is possible to calculate two values of In K _d for this assemblage. These equilibria involve edenite-tremolite and (pargasite/hastingsite)-tremolite end-members in amphibole (the calculation program is given). For these equilibria, the isopleths (iso-values of K _d) have been calculated for 0.27 < X _Mg < 0.75 and 0 < X _Fe3+= Fe³⁺/(Fe³⁺+ Al^vi) < 0.8. It is then possible to determine pressure and temperature directly when X _Mg, X _Fe3+, In K _d for tremoliteedenite and In K _d for (pargasite/hastingsite)-tremolite are known. Application of this geothermobarometer is limited to Ca-free plagioclase assemblages, and complete P–T paths can be drawn only if all the minerals are considered together. Phase relations at successive stages of crystallization can be constrained by studying the relationships between the coexisting minerals, their zoning and the metamorphic fabrics.     

Mg---NH4 exchange on humic acid: A radiotracer technique for conditional exchange constants in a seawater medium

A radiotracer technique, employing ²⁷Mg, is used to determine the Mg released by ammonium exchange on undis-solved humic acid in a seawater medium. This new method allows for the measurement of exchangeable Mg on the solid phase surface, which eliminates the problem caused by the high-Mg background in the seawater matrix. The precision calculated from the counting statistics is better than ±2%; the reproducibility among repeated counts ranged from ±1% to ±3%. The higher sensitivity of the method allows for monitoring the Mg---NH₄ exchange at concentrations as low as 30 mM NH₄. This is a major improvement relative to the data obtained with the analytical methods used so far, which allow detection of exchangeable Mg only at NH₄ concentrations higher than 1 M. The lower experimental concentrations are more in accordance with the natural ammonium levels found in anoxic marine sediments. For the undissolved humic acid used in this experiment, the amount of exchangeable Mg in apparent equilibrium with an ammonium-free seawater matrix was found to be 96.6 ± 0.4 meq/100g. The Mg---NH₄ exchange on humic acid in seawater comes to a steady-state value in < 18 min. The conditional equilibrium constant obtained for this reaction, K_cond = 0.039 ± 0.001 M⁻¹. The technique can be expanded to other geochemical solid phases in seawater and it can be modified to study the behavior of the major cations by using ²⁴Na, ⁴²K and ⁴⁹Ca.     

Comparative study of the kinetics and mechanisms of dissolution of carbonate minerals

The influence of pH on the rate of dissolution of various carbonates (calcite, aragonite, witherite, magnesite and dolomite) has been investigated at 25°C using a continuous fluidized bed reactor. The general rate dependence on pH observed for the simple carbonates is very similar and is in agreement with the results observed for calcite and aragonite by L.N. Plummer and coworkers. However, the rate of dissolution of magnesite is approximately four orders of magnitude lower than calcite.

For simple carbonates, the elementary steps involved in the dissolution reaction are:

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where M represents the metal ion which can be Ca, Mg and Ba. According to the stoichiometry of the three reaction steps and the thermodynamic constraints, the total forward and backward rates can be expressed as:

R_f=k₁a_H+k₂a_H2CO3^*+K₃

r_b=k_-1^aM²+^aHCO₃^-+k_-2^aHCO3^-+k_{-3^aM²+^aCO3^2-}

The rate constants (k₁, k₂, k₃ and k₋₃) determined with our experimental results for calcite, aragonite and witherite show that the dissolution rates are similar for these three minerals and that the nature of the cations does not play a significant role. The good agreement between the K_sp calculated from the measured k₃/k₋₃ ratio and the theromodynamic value suggests that our dissolution mechanism is coherent.

The rate dependence on pH of the dissolution of dolomite obeys a fractional order at low pH's and confirms previously published observations therein. However, the two-step reaction mechanism proposed does not explain the fractional reaction order observed, which is likely due to a more complex surface reaction.     

Research Progress of 4D Multicomponent Seismic Monitoring Techniquein Carbon Capture and Storage

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology is currently recognized as the most effective way to mitigate greenhouse gas. CO₂ geological storage is the key technique in CCS, and monitoring the safety of CO₂ geological storage runs through the whole CCS project from CO₂ injection and after closure. 4D seismic monitoring technique is the most effective way to monitor the leakage of CO₂ and to confirm the safety of CO₂ sequestration. Traditional 4D seismic technology predicts saturation of CO₂ and pressure distribution in reservoir by comparing two vintages seismic amplitude and travel time from two or repeated 3D seismic data before and after CO₂ injection or between two different injection stages. 4D multicomponent seismic monitoring has a great potential to be explored. Because shear wave velocity is sensitive to pressure, we may discriminate pore pressure distribution by using 4D multicomponent seismic information. For anisotropy reservoir, we may confirm the change of reservoir fissures and fractures as well as reservoir and caprock stress status before and after CO₂ injection through comparing difference of travel time and amplitude of PS₁ and PS₂ wave in two vintages seismic acquisition. Furthermore, we will find out potential CO₂ leakage risk area more accurately and evaluate the safety of CO₂ sequestration more reliablely by combining rock physics experiment and dipole sonic log data with 4D multicomponent seismic monitoring.     

冀东高尚堡油田Es2+33层序地层学研究

采用地震约束测井、测井标定和校正地震,二者相互动态调整的方法,对冀东高尚堡油田深层地层进行了深入的层序地层学研究：将Es²⁺³₃地层划分为1个层序、2个体系域、6个准层序组和16个准层序;总结了层序界面特征,将Es²₃和顶部大套厚层泥岩作为目的层段层序研究的一般标志Es⁴₃层,但是陆相沉积特有的复杂性,使得其识别难度很大;探讨了地层层序特征,认为目的层有两处沉积中心,其总体延伸方向近东西向。下部湖退体系域形成于湖盆收缩期,以G35-1、G62井区和G82井区沉积为中心,地层最厚;上部湖进体系域形成于湖盆大面积扩张时期,其沉积中心（G30-28井区以及G13-13井区）相对于下部体系域两个沉积中心,分别向北和东迁移。     

稀有金属矿物溶解度对花岗伟晶岩成矿作用的制约

花岗伟晶岩型矿床是稀有金属矿床重要的类型之一。在花岗伟晶岩中,稀有金属元素Li、Be、Nb和Ta主要以独立矿物的形式存在,前人对稀有金属独立矿物在硅酸盐熔体中的溶解度及其影响因素展开了系统研究。本文综合分析了已有的实验数据,其结果表明,影响稀有金属独立矿物溶解度最为重要的2个参数是温度(T)和铝饱和指数(ASI)。因此本文建立了稀有金属独立矿物,尤其是铌锰矿和钽锰矿溶解度,与温度(T)和铝饱和指数(ASI)之间的定量关系: lg [w(Li)/10^-6]=-0.37×[1 000/(T/K)]+4.56,R²=0.44 lg [w(BeO)/10^-6]=-4.21×[1 000/(T/K)]+6.86,R²=0.91 lg [K_sp(Nb)/(mg²·kg^-2)]=-(2.86±0.14)×ASI_(Mn+Li)-(4.95±0.31)×[1 000/(T/K)]+(4.20+0.28),R²=0.86 lg [K_sp(Ta)/(mg²·kg^-2)]=-(2.46±0.11)×ASI_(Mn+Li)-(4.86±0.30)×[1 000/(T/K)]+(4.00+0.30),R²=0.80 式中,温度T为热力学温度,ASI_(Mn+Li)(ASI=Al₂O₃/(CaO+Na₂O+K₂O+Li₂O+MnO),摩尔分数比)和T的适用范围分别为0.6~1.2和1 073~1 373 K的范围内。上述公式为估算硅酸盐熔体中稀有金属含量提供了便利,为量化花岗伟晶岩成矿模型提供了基础。 稀有金属独立矿物溶解度随温度降低和铝饱和指数的增加而急剧降低,因此,在岩浆演化过程中,由岩浆侵位、分离结晶以及流体作用等因素引起的岩浆温度降低和铝饱和指数的增加,是导致稀有金属独立矿物结晶的主要机制。     

辽河三角洲相沉积软土动力特性试验

针对辽河三角洲相沉积软土,在固定振动频率f=1.0 Hz,固结压力为100、200和300 kPa 3种情况下进行循环荷载的动三轴试验,分析了不同固结压力下动应变ε_d、动强度σ_d与荷载循环次数和动剪应变r_d之间的关系。结果表明:在固定振动频率和同一个固结比K的条件下,动强度σ_d与载荷循环次数在单对数坐标系中具有良好的线性相关性。动剪切模量G_d随动剪应变r_d的增大而增大,阻尼比D随动剪应变r_d的增大而减小,G_d-r_d、D-r_d曲线在直角坐标中具有分段性,以应变量在4.0%～5.4%之间出现拐点居多。与其它不同特性的软土相比较,辽河三角洲相沉积软土具有以下特征：(1)动强度指标明显低于其它类软土,(2)阻尼比与剪应变的关系与其它类软土有2个拐点不同,该类软土仅在r_d =2×10^-3处存在一个拐点。     

冻土侧限压缩试验仪的研制及应用

随着寒区高等级道路工程等基础设施的建设,迫切需要对冻土压缩特性和静止土压力系数（K₀系数）开展试验研究,但目前缺乏开展相关研究的专用仪器。本文基于融土侧限压缩试验的原理,结合冻土力学性质受温度控制的特性,自主研发了冻土侧限压缩试验仪。该仪器采用冷却罐内冷液循环和冷却罐外恒温箱实现二级控温,控温范围为-50℃至90℃,控温精度达±0.1℃;采用全数字伺服测控器实现温度闭环控制;采用高性能负荷框架结构,刚度大、重量轻,保证仪器在大荷载下平稳运行。利用该仪器对冻结饱和标准砂进行侧限压缩试验,试验结果验证了仪器可靠性。本仪器能准确快捷地测定冻土静止土压力系数和压缩性参数,是研究冻土力学特性并服务于寒区岩土工程建设的有力工具。     

Ionic association in H2O–CO2 fluids at mid-crustal conditions

The equilibrium constant, K _a, of the association reaction to form ion pairs from charged solute species in supercritical solutions can be calculated from a model based on published equations. Log K _a at constant pressure is a linear function of the inverse in the dielectric constant of the fluid times temperature. The dielectric properties of H₂O and CO₂ at supercritical pressures and temperatures can also be evaluated using the Kirkwood equation. Using Looyenga mixing rules, the dielectric constant of H₂O–CO₂ mixtures can be obtained and the change in log K _a with addition of CO₂ in aqueous solutions evaluated. These changes in log K _a with addition of CO₂ are consistent with measured changes of log K _a with addition of Ar in supercritical H₂O–Ar solutions.
Log K _a of KCl and NaCl increase to an increasing extent as the mole fraction of CO₂ increases in H₂O–CO₂ solutions. For instance, at 2 kbar and constant temperature between 400 and 600° C, log K _a of KCl increases by about two orders of magnitude whilst that of NaCl increases by over four orders of magnitude as the CO₂ mole fraction increases from 0.0 to 0.35. Such changes in log K _a will have dramatic effects on the solubility of minerals in CO₂-rich environments.     

Ferric iron in orthopyroxene: a Mössbauer spectroscopic study

Ferric iron solid solution in synthetic orthopyroxene has been studied along the joins MgSiO₃-Al₂O₃ · Fe₂O₃ and MgSiO₃-Fe₂O₃. The partially reduced synthetic orthopyroxenes showed that major incorporation of ferric iron can only occur together with a concomitant incorporation of Al. Maximum solid solution of ferric iron along the join MgSiO₃-Fe₂O₃ was found to be only 0.63 wt% Fe₂O₃ at 1000°C and 2 kb total pressure. From the observed Mössbauer parameters octahedral ferric iron can be assigned to the MI position in orthopyroxene. Incorporation of Fe³⁺ and/or Al will increase the disorder of Fe²⁺ and Mg between the M1 and M2 sites, which is also observed in a ferric iron-containing aluminous orthopyroxene of metamorphic origin. In the assemblage orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz the ferric iron content of orthopyroxene is directly related to oxygen fugacity.     

准饱和多孔介质中地下水驱替速率、圈闭气体饱和度和准饱和渗透系数的关系

圈闭有不连续、非流动和非混溶气体的含水层,被称为准饱和含水层。圈闭气体的存在会降低含水层的渗透性能,但准饱和渗透系数、圈闭气体饱和度和驱替速率之间的关系还没有完全被理解。本文通过室内砂性介质的驱替试验开展了圈闭气体饱和度、准饱和渗透系数和驱替速率三者相互关系的研究。研究表明,虽然总体上圈闭气体饱和度随驱替速率的增大而减小,但是在高驱替速率和低驱替速率分别出现了圈闭气体饱和度不随驱替速率变化的等值区间,该“台阶”型曲线可以采用与van Genuchten曲线类似的数学模型来表征,而砂性介质的准饱和渗透系数与圈闭气体饱和度之间呈简单的线性负相关关系。这两个经验模型说明可以用驱替速率定量估算准饱和渗透系数,该关系为利用驱替速率估算准饱和渗透系数提供了理论依据。上述准饱和水力学性质为深入理解准饱和地下水水流提供了依据。另外,驱替速率与圈闭气体饱和度的关系还表明,实验室测量完全饱和渗透系数时,应以大于初始毛细上升速率的速率进行饱和,以避免介质中的空气被水圈闭。     

Experimental study of the joins forsterite–diopside–leucite– and forsterite–leucite–åkermanite up to 2.3 GPa [P(H2O) = P(Total)] and variable temperatures: Its petrological significance

We conducted a series of melting experiments in the join forsterite–diopside–leucite under 0.1 and 2.3 GPa and in the join forsterite–leucite–åkermanite under 2.3 GPa to understand paragenetic relationships amongst different types of lamproitic and lamprophyric magmas with K-rich mafic and ultramafic volcanic (kamafugitic) rocks. Both the joins were studied in the presence of excess water. The experimental results of the join forsterite–diopside–leucite at 0.1 GPa show that the five-phase point of forsterite (Fo)_ss + diopside (Di)_ss + leucite (Lc)_ss + liquid (Liq) + vapour (V) (equivalent to ugandite lava) occurs at Fo₂Di₅₀Lc₄₈ at 880 ± 5 °C. Phlogopite appears as the last phase at 830 ± 15 °C. The final crystalline assemblage of forsterite_ss + diopside_ss + leucite_ss + phlogopite is similar to the phenocryst assemblage of missourite lava. Present study suggests that an olivine leucitite (ugandite) can be derived from an olivine italite, a slightly potassic peridotite and a leucitite magma.

A study of the join Fo–Di–Lc [P(H₂O) = P(Total)] at 2.3 GPa shows that liquid compositions penetrate the primary phase volumes of forsterite_ss, phlogopite_ss, kalsilitess, K-feldspar_ss and diopside_ss. It has the following three five-phase points: 1) one occurring at Fo₉Di₄₉Lc₄₂ and 1005 ± 5 °C, where liquid and vapour coexists with forsterite_ss, phlogopite_ss and diopside_ss (phlogopite-bearing madupite), 2) the second one at Fo₄Di₅₀Lc₄₆ and 990 ± 10 °C, where diopside_ss, K-feldspar_ss and phlogopite_ss coexist with liquid and vapour (pyroxene-bearing minette), and 3) the third one at Fo₃Di₂₁Lc₇₆ and 775 ± 5 °C, where phlogopite_ss, kalsilite_ss and K-feldspar_ss are in equilibrium with liquid plus vapour (kalsilite-bearing minette).

The experimental results of the join Fo–Lc–åkermanite (Ak) show that the join 40 penetrates the primary phase volumes of forsterite_ss, phlogopite_ss, kalsilite, K-feldspar_ss, diopside_ss and merwinite_ss. The data indicate the presence of four five-phase points: 1) one occurring at Fo₇Lc₄₂Ak₅₁ and 1165 ± 5 °C, where phlogopite_ss, forsterite_ss, diopside_ss coexists with liquid and vapour (olivine-bearing madupite), 2) the second one at Fo₃Lc₄₉Ak₄₈ and 1140 ± 10 °C, where a liquid is in equilibrium with phlogopite_ss, K-feldspar_ss, diopside_ss and vapour (pyroxene-bearing minette), 3) the third one at Fo₁₈Lc₂₁Ak₆₁ and 1255 ± 10 °C, where merwinite_ss, forsterite_ss and diopside_ss are in equilibrium with liquid and vapour (merwinite-bearing wherlite), and 4) the fourth one at Fo₅Lc_73.5Ak_21.5 and 770 ± 5 °C, where kalsilite_ss, phlogopite_ss and K-feldspar coexist with liquid and vapour (kalsilite-bearing minette). The present data suggest that high pressure heteromorphic equivalent of a katungite magma is represented by a kalsilite-bearing minette, a pyroxene-bearing minette, or an olivine-bearing madupite.     

CO2分压条件下煤中矿物质溶解度数值模拟

查明煤中矿物质在不同温度和CO₂分压条件下溶解度变化规律,能为注入CO₂过程中煤储层渗透率分析提供重要依据。借助水文地球化学模拟软件PHREEQC对在不同温度和CO₂分压条件下煤中各矿物的溶解度进行了水化学模拟,得出不同温度和CO₂分压条件下矿物质溶解度的变化规律。结果表明:在无CO₂分压时,随着温度的升高各矿物的溶解度增加;当溶液中CO₂分压增加到一定程度时,随着温度的升高各矿物的溶解度降低（石英除外）;在温度相同时,随着CO₂分压的增加,所有矿物（石英除外）溶解度均增加,方解石的溶解度随着CO₂分压的升高呈现出迅速增加的趋势,其他矿物随着CO₂分压的升高,溶解度增加的速率较为缓慢。      

塔里木盆地塔河地区中下奥陶统鹰山组碳酸盐岩层系内幕不整合识别特征*

为论证T⁶₇界面性质并探索碳酸盐岩层系不整合的识别方法,文章综合利用柯坪—巴楚地区露头和塔河地区钻井、测井和地震资料,研究了塔里木盆地塔河地区中下奥陶统鹰山组内幕不整合面T⁶₇。在露头上, T⁶₇界面表现为岩相转换面,但在不同剖面的暴露强度存在差异。在地化数据上, T⁶₇不整合面之下碳酸盐岩地层碳氧同位素值出现明显偏负;Sc,Co,Ni,Ba,U,Sr等微量元素表现出同样的特点,而Li和V在T⁶₇界面之下富集。在自然伽马测井与自然伽马能谱测井曲线上, T⁶₇不整合面之下的鹰山组下段自然伽马测井曲线明显较界面之上的鹰山组上段齿化剧烈,经过滤波处理的Th/U曲线在T⁶₇界面处呈现出明显的低值。在地震剖面上,难以从地震同相轴反射终止现象中识别出T⁶₇界面,但“串珠”状反射沿T⁶₇不整合面发育,这些串珠状反射被解释为与喀斯特作用相关的岩溶洞穴。T⁶₇界面属于海平面相对下降形成的短暂暴露面(<1,Ma),其主要受控于海平面升降和古地貌,在塔河不同区域的暴露、剥蚀强度不同,强暴露区主要位于中东部,弱暴露区域主要位于西北部。T⁶₇不整合面对塔河地区鹰山组内幕碳酸盐岩储集层发育具有重要意义,既可为层间岩溶的发育提供条件,亦可与断裂构成连通体系为大气淡水提供通道,从而对塔河地区深部碳酸盐岩储集层起到积极的改造作用。     

沁水盆地南部深部煤层超临界CO2吸附特征及其控制因素

为揭示深部煤层超临界CO₂（ScCO₂）吸附特征及其控制机理,以沁水盆地南部余吾矿、寺河矿、成庄矿的3号煤为研究对象,通过自制等温吸附仪进行了不同温度（45℃,62.5℃,80℃）、最高压力达到CO₂超临界压力以上时的等温吸附实验。研究结果表明:高温高压条件下ScCO₂吸附曲线不同于常温常压下CO₂吸附曲线,随压力升高ScCO₂过剩吸附量和绝对吸附量分别呈4段式和3段式变化,ScCO₂达到过剩吸附量峰值出现的压力点具有随温度升高向高压增高的特征;ScCO₂过剩吸附量远低于绝对吸附量,无法采用Langmuir吸附模型进行解释;温度对ScCO₂吸附抑制明显,水分对ScCO₂吸附没有起到抑制作用,灰分含量较高对ScCO₂吸附量有明显抑制作用,煤中高镜质组含量和高R_max对ScCO₂吸附具有较明显的促进作用;超临界状态下煤对ScCO₂的吸附量大小由微孔和过渡孔所控制,且与微孔比表面积大小有关,高变质煤对ScCO₂的吸附能力降低可能是因微孔中矿物充填所致。      

深圳市东水西调输水隧洞工程地震危险性分析

在前人对深圳地区地震烈度的鉴定和评价基础上,结合地震地质分析和地震危险性超越概率计算,确定深圳市东水西调输水工程以ZD₂与ZD₃之间近EW向一线为界,以北地震基本烈度定为Ⅵ度区,以南属于>Ⅵ度区,核定为Ⅶ度区。